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Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia
Published by Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika
ISSN : 23386487     EISSN : 26563061     DOI : Prefix 10.33394
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Chemistry Education
Hydrogen: The Chemistry Education Journal published by the Chemistry Education Study Program which contains articles raised from the results of conceptual research and studies in chemistry and chemistry education including education and learning, device development, media and learning models.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 618 Documents
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Design and In silico Study of Amides Containing Heterocyclic Nitrogen as Potent Antituberculosis Agent Wati, First Ambar; Afifah, Rizqi Nur; Wardana, Mohammad Wisnu
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i4.16895

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, representing a global health concern, especially owing to the increasing incidence of resistancy, including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Among the potential therapeutic targets for new antituberculosis agents is enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (InhA), an essential enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway responsible for the formation of vital components of the M. tuberculosis cell wall. This study aims to modify the compound N-(4-fluorobenzyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (1) by replacing the pyrazine group with N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide (4) and N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (5), and to evaluate their antituberculosis activity in silico, which has not been reported previously. Molecular docking was performed against the InhA receptor (PDB ID: 4TZK) using AutoDock 4.2.6 software. Method validation was performed using a gridbox with dimensions 30 × 24 × 16 and a grid center at coordinates 10,119; 32,370; 60,728; yielding an RMSD value of 1,16 Å. The docking results indicated that the three modified compounds provided lower binding energies than the control drugs, with compound 5 showing the lowest energy (-8.48 Kcal/mol), followed by compound 4 (-7.44 Kcal/mol) and compound 1 (-7.09 Kcal/mol). Pharmacokinetic predictions indicate that all three compounds comply with Lipinski’s Rule of Five and Veber’s filter, with high gastrointestinal absorption. The study results suggest that modified compound 5 has the strongest potential as an antituberculosis drug candidate and warrants further evaluation in vitro and in vivo.
Investigation Science Process Skills Among Chemistry Education Student Through the Law of Mass Conversation Experiment Nur'aini; Enawaty, Eny; Erlina
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i4.16897

Abstract

Science process skills (SPS) are important skills that students need to master through practical activities. The purpose of this study was to identify students' SPS in the aspects of observing, classifying, interpreting, using tools and materials, and communicating in practical activities related to the law of conservation of mass. This study employed a descriptive quantitative method with 30 chemistry education students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tanjungpura University, as the research subjects. Data were collected through observation and documentation in the form of laboratory reports. The research instrument was an observation sheet. Data was collected through observation and documentation in the form of laboratory reports. The science process skills observation sheet was validated by two experts, showing a validity value of 0.91, which falls into the very high category. The research data was analyzed quantitatively. The research results showed that the average percentage obtained for each KPS indicator for students in the observation aspect reached 87% (very good), classification 83% (very good), interpretation 69% (good), use of tools/materials 83% (very good), and communication aspect 79% (good). Overall, the average percentage of SPS based on student observation was 80% with a good category. Thus, chemistry education students have the ability to conduct scientific investigations, which is an important foundation for prospective chemistry teachers.
Students’ Learning Engagement in the Topic of Atomic Concepts and the Periodic Table Febriyani, Roseana; Erlina; Mayasari, Eni
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i4.16944

Abstract

Learning engagement constitutes a critical component in the educational process, significantly influencing both the effectiveness of instruction and student academic achievement. This study aims to analyze the learning engagement of undergraduate students enrolled in a Chemistry Education program, specifically concerning their engagement with the subject matter of atomic concepts and the periodic system within the context of a general chemistry course. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were obtained through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. Observational data were collected from a cohort of 31 students participating in lecture sessions. Based on the initial observational findings, 15 students were purposively selected for in-depth interviews, representing three distinct engagement profiles: highly engaged, moderately engaged, and minimally engaged. The results indicate that students' behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement levels vary across categories. Behavioral engagement was predominantly classified as "high," with students demonstrating active participation in learning activities. Emotional engagement was categorized as "moderate," reflecting students’ interest in the subject matter, albeit with varying degrees of emotional involvement. Cognitive engagement was also categorized as "moderate," as most students exhibited cognitive involvement in line with the key indicators, although not consistently at an optimal level. In conclusion, while students generally demonstrated positive behavioral engagement, there remains room for improvement in fostering deeper emotional and cognitive engagement in learning about atomic concepts and the periodic system. These findings underscore the need for instructional strategies that holistically support all dimensions of student engagement to enhance learning outcomes in chemistry education.
Variation of Polymer Matrix On the Quality of Bioplastic from Cassava Peel Waste from Tapai Industry in Bogor Sholeha, Novia Amalia; Muthmainah, Nada Ghaida; Robyano, Rifky Ardiansyah; Sophia, Halida; Susanti, Indri; Ramadhania, Nurina Rizka
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i4.16975

Abstract

Plastic waste originating from commercial sources presents significant environmental challenges, leading to the creation of biodegradable alternatives derived from renewable materials. This research investigates the feasibility of utilizing cassava peel starch (CPS), an agro-industrial by-product, as a foundational material for bioplastic manufacturing. To overcome the limitations of pure starch, such as brittleness and insufficient water resistance, a bioplastic was produced through solvent casting by combining a blend of chitosan, a natural biopolymer, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a synthetic polymer, to improve its mechanical and physical properties. CPS was extracted and then analyzed for yield, moisture, and starch content. The interactions among components in bioplastics were examined utilizing FTIR and SEM techniques. FTIR analysis revealed physical interactions devoid of chemical bonding, whereas SEM demonstrated heterogeneous surfaces characterized by cracks. Among the five formulations, the formulation containing 5.0 g of PVA and 1.5 g of chitosan (F5) exhibited optimal performance, characterized by a thickness of 0.25 mm, a tensile strength of 11.95%, an elongation of 17.83%, and a biodegradation rate of 49.16% after 12 days.  The material met JIS Z 1707:1997 standards for mechanical properties, although it did not fully comply with biodegradation requirements. The novelty of this research presents to the valorization of cassava peel starch as local-agro industrial waste into bioplastics enhanced with chitosan and PVA, revealing a cost-effective, renewable alternative that meets key mechanical standards while advancing sustainable plastic innovation. The results indicate that CPS-based bioplastics, when combined with suitable polymer matrices, offer a feasible and sustainable substitute for conventional plastics.
Analyzing the Secondary Metabolites and Pharmacological Activities of Solanum ferox: A Systematic Review Depasthika, Sistha Citra; Riyanto, Izory Roman; Masriani; Muharini, Rini
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i4.17007

Abstract

This study explores Solanum ferox, also known as Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal, as a rich source of secondary metabolites in herbal medicine. The main objective of this article is to highlight the secondary metabolites contained in S. ferox. The methodology employed is a Systematic Literature Review, following the PRISMA guidelines, which analyzes 8 selected articles published from 2018 onwards. These articles were sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Mendeley databases, focusing on studies related to the phytochemistry of this plant. the results of the document analysis show Solanum ferox contains various compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins, which demonstrate significant potential in antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. These results also indicate the possible structures of the identified compounds, providing a deeper understanding of their bioactivity. Moreover, this study highlights how the diverse phytochemical profile of Solanum ferox supports its traditional use in herbal remedies. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to optimize the utilization of Solanum ferox in the development of safe, effective, and sustainable herbal medicines.
Effect of Aloe vera Gel Formulation and Jatropha multifida L Leaf on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Dektra, I Made Putra Pramaditya; Pauzi, Iswari; Srigede, Lalu; Jiwintarum, Yunan
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i4.17104

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is one of the agents of health problems that require special attention. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause resistance, so a more effective and safe alternative treatment is needed, one of which is by giving aloe vera gel formulations and tintir castor leaves that can help overcome bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Knowing the effect of aloe vera gel formulation (Aloe vera) and tintir castor leaf (Jatropha multifida) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The study was pre-experimental with a cross sectional design. Gel formulations were made with various comparisons between aloe vera gel and tintir castor leaf, then tested against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by observing the inhibition zone as an indicator of antibacterial activity. The results of testing the Aloe vera gel formulation and castor leaf filtrate showed that there was no inhibition zone in each of the tested formulation ratios. In the testing using Aloe vera gel formulations and Jatropha multifida leaf extract, no inhibition zones were observed in the 1:1 and 1:3 ratios, but an inhibition zone was present in the 3:1 ratio, measuring 4–6 mm with an average inhibition zone of 5 mm. This result can be considered sensitive but at a low level for inhibiting bacterial growth. There is an effect of Aloe vera gel and jarak tintir leaf formulation on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
A Description of Formal Reasoning Ability and Its Relationship with Chemistry Learning Outcomes of Grade XI Senior High School Students Santi, Lusia; Erlina; Sahputra, Rachmat
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i4.17118

Abstract

This study aims to describe students’ formal reasoning ability and its relationship with chemistry learning outcomes among Grade XI students in the Chemistry 1 and Chemistry 3 specialization classes at a public senior high school in Pontianak City during the first semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. The data collection instrument employed was a formal reasoning ability test developed by Burney. The findings revealed that the majority of students’ formal reasoning abilities were categorized as low, with most students still at the concrete and transitional stages. Among the five aspects of formal reasoning, the probabilistic aspect was the most mastered (71%) compared to the others, whereas the combinatorial aspect was the lowest (21%). Although most students achieved the Minimum Mastery Criterion (MMC) in their academic performance, no significant relationship was found between formal reasoning ability and chemistry learning outcomes. This is attributed to the dominance of students who remain at the concrete stage (54.29%), which limits their ability to comprehend abstract chemistry concepts. These findings indicate a mismatch between academic achievement and formal reasoning ability, and highlight the importance of implementing systematic and contextual learning strategies to enhance students’ formal reasoning in understanding chemistry concepts.
Analysis of Students’ Learning Difficulties in Science on the Topic of Additive Substances at Junior High School Sari, Lala; Enawaty, Eny; Sahputra, Rachmat
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i4.17120

Abstract

This study aims to describe students’ learning difficulties in science subjects on the topic of additive substances at SMP Swasta Sivaliputta Kubu Raya and to identify the factors contributing to these difficulties. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method, with data collected through questionnaires, unstructured interviews, observations, and documentation. The study involved 36 eighth-grade students as participants. The findings indicate that learning difficulties are influenced by internal factors, particularly study habits (49%), which fall into the category of “moderately experiencing difficulties.”This study recommends the implementation of interactive and contextual learning strategies, as well as the reinforcement of independent study habits, to improve students” understanding of science subjects, particularly the topic of additive substances.
Effect of Drying Temperature Variation on the Antioxidant Activity Ethanol Extract of Cocoa Bean (Theobroma cacao L.) with ABTS [2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzotiazolin-6-sulphonic acid)] Method Wibawa, Agung Ari Chandra; Pramitha, Dewa Ayu Ika; Sanjiwani, Ni Made Sukma; Rahadi, I Wayan Surya; Arandika, I Wayan Wisma
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i4.17409

Abstract

Plants contain chemical compounds that are used as natural medicinal ingredients as antioxidants and have the potential to act as free radicals. Cocoa plants are rich in polyphenols such as flavanols, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against degenerative diseases. The aim of the research is to determine whether variations in drying temperature of cocoa bean ethanol extract (Theobroma cacao L.) affect antioxidant activity. This research is in the form of experimental research carried out in a laboratory. The drying method uses an oven for 8 hours at temperatures of 40, 50, and 60ºC. The dried cocoa beans were extracted using the maceration method using ethanol solvent. Antioxidant analysis in this study used the ABTS [2,2-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazolin-6-sulphonic acid)] method with a microplate reader at a wavelength of 630 nm. The value used to determine antioxidant activity was the IC50 value. All samples BKS 40, BKS 50, and BKS 60 had air contents of 49.34%, 32.7%, and 24.32%. The results of this study prove the antioxidant activity of cocoa bean ethanol extract (BKS 40, 50, and 60) is included in the strong category with IC50 values 86, 88, and 71 μg/mL, respectively. The results prove that temperature does not affect antioxidant activity.
Development of Android-Based Marbles Chem Hydrocarbon Mobile Game Media to Improve Motivation and Learning Outcomes of 11th Grade Science Students Muhidah, Izzatul; Agustini, Rudiana
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 11 No. 6 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v11i6.8728

Abstract

One of the uses of ICT in the world of education can be in the form of game media because students are actively involved in learning so that it can increase motivation. Learning outcomes are related to motivation, if the motivation given is more appropriate, the more successful the learning will be. This study aims to obtain feasible Marbles Chem Hydrocarbon media to increase student motivation and learning outcomes based on three aspects, namely validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research method used is research and development / Research and Development (R&D) adaptation from Plomp (2013), consisting of three phases, namely the Preliminer Phase, the Prototype Making Phase, and the Evaluation Phase. Limited trials were conducted in 11th Grade Science (MIPA) of State Senior High School (SMAN) 20 Surabaya. Validity is obtained from three validators. Practicality is obtained from the results of response questionnaires, observation of student activities, and the implementation of learning. effectiveness is obtained from ARCS motivation questionnaire sheets and student learning outcomes. Media validity on content validity and construct validity barada in the range of scores 4 and 5 with valid and very valid criteria. Practicality is reviewed based on observations of learning implementation, student response questionnaires, and observations of student activities with an average percentage of 98.47%, 96.98%, and the results of observations of relevant activities are greater than irrelevant activities, namely 205.16 > 6.43. The effectiveness of the media obtained pretest-posttest increased from 60 incomplete categories to 87.69 complete categories and the ARCS motivational questionnaire increased from 55.32 with the moderately effective category to 95.85 very effective categories. Based on the results of validity, practicality and effectiveness, Marbles Chem Hydrocarbon media is suitable to be used as a learning medium on Hydrocarbon material.

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