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JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching
Published by Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika
ISSN : 23380810     EISSN : 26211378     DOI : 10.33394
Core Subject : Education,
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
OLLT is an open access journal which provides immediate, worldwide, barrier-free access to the full text of all published articles without charging readers or their institutions for access. Readers have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of all articles in Journal of Languages and Language Teaching. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The aim of this Journal is to promote a principle approach to research on languages and language teaching by encouraging enquiry into relationship between theoretical and practical studies. JOLLT welcomes contributions in such areas of current analysis, as follows: First, Second, and Foreign Language Teaching and Learning; Language Testing; Language Planning; Multilingualism and Multilingual Education; Classroom Discourse Analysis; Translation; Syntax; Semantics; Sociolinguistics; Morphology; Psycolinguistics; Second Language Acquisition; Literature in Teaching; Curriculum Design of Language Teaching; and Material Development in Language Teaching.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Bahasa dan Linguistik
Articles 994 Documents
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Developing Language Study Textbooks: An Effort to Understand Discourse Theory Using Basic Literacy Based on Problem Solving Model Purwati, Panca Dewi; Afifah, Nur Ummi
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.15565

Abstract

Discourse material and discourse theory are two different studies, but both are important to be mastered by students of the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program (PGSD) as provisions for becoming professional teachers. The results of the assessment through the ujian.ac.id application show that the average score of students' understanding of discourse theory has not yet reached completion. Based on the needs analysis, it is necessary to develop an Indonesian Language Study textbook as a contextual learning resource that also functions as basic literacy material through habituation, development, and learning activities. This study aims to: describe the results of the textbook validation test, and describe the results of the textbook effectiveness test. The study used the Research and Development (R&D) method of the Borg & Gall model which was simplified into seven stages. The validation results by material experts obtained an average score of 4.27 with the category "very good". The effectiveness test was carried out in two stages, namely small scale and large scale, involving two learning classes that had equivalent characteristics. Based on the results of the large-scale effectiveness test, an increase in learning outcomes of 0.70 was obtained with a moderate category. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of basic literacy in problem-based learning that encourages students to be active and effective in the learning process. Thus, the Indonesian Language Study textbook is effectively used to improve the understanding of discourse theory of PGSD students through the involvement of basic literacy in problem-based learning. Students become more active and are able to utilize learning time effectively through literacy activities facilitated by the developed textbook. The contribution of this research lies in providing PGSD students with a practical and contextual learning resource that not only strengthens theoretical mastery but also enhances critical literacy practices essential for future teachers.
Developing Kotak Pintar Cerdas Aksara (Kopica) Media Integrated with Religious Tolerance for Enhancing First-Graders’ Initial Reading Skills Rosita, Farida Yufarlina; Andita , Putri
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.15698

Abstract

The low level of students’ initial reading skills and the urgent need to instill religious tolerance highlight the importance of developing innovative learning media. This study aims to develop KOPICA (Kotak Pintar Cerdas Aksara) to enhance initial reading skills integrated with religious tolerance and to evaluate its validity and practicality. The research applied the ADDIE development model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Expert validation results showed an overall score of 88.3%, while the practicality assessment by teachers and students indicated an average score of 92%. Data analysis using the Paired Samples t-test formula with SPSS 19 revealed a probability value (Sig) of 0.000, which is ≤ 0.05, confirming a significant difference and validating the effectiveness of KOPICA. The novelty of this study lies in the original integration of religious tolerance values into early reading materials, making literacy learning a natural vehicle for character formation from the earliest stages of education. The practical implication is that teachers and curriculum developers can utilize KOPICA as an innovative medium that not only strengthens students’ literacy skills but also fosters tolerant attitudes in daily classroom practices. This dual contribution aligns with the principles of 21st-century learning that emphasize student-centered approaches, while simultaneously preparing students for harmonious social interactions in the future.
A Needs Analysis of Basic Reading Instruction for University-Level EFL Students Nemo, Maximus Leonardus; Rinantanti, Yulini; Wabiser, Yan Dirk; Kobepa, Niko; Sobolim, Amelia D.; Daud, Enikartini Binti
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.15702

Abstract

Essential for EFL students are basic reading skills, including letter recognition, word decoding, and comprehension of phrases. Learners struggle with more difficult materials and participate actively in class discussions without honing these abilities. This study aims to investigate EFL students’ needs analysis of basic reading instruction. This descriptive qualitative research design was used with the 2nd semester students of the English Language Education Study Program of Universitas Cenderawasih as the subjects of this research, using in-depth interviews and non-participant observation as data collection tools, and having 19 students as the respondents. Based on the interviews with 19 EFL students, most of them find textbook-based reading materials repetitious and devoid of visual aids, with culture, education, health, and sport. They were interesting, relevant materials that they enjoyed more. Particularly in science and academic writing, students find difficulty with longer passages, foreign vocabulary, and challenging books. They said they prefer digital resources to help understanding, including interactive exercises, audiobooks, and vocabulary lists. These findings underline the importance of level-appropriate, interesting reading materials as well as the usage of multimedia tools to assist different learning requirements. This study concludes that EFL students find challenges with standard, textbook-based reading materials, which emphasize the need for analysis for more relevant, interactive, and visually accompanied content to better fit their interests and improve reading comprehension and enthusiasm. The study recommends utilizing various reading materials, contextualized subjects, and needs-based scaffolding to improve engagement and understanding in curriculum development. EFL programmes can help learners improve their language skills.
Examining Factors Influencing Language Acquisition Success in Indonesian Multilingual Classrooms Adeoye, Moses Adeleke; Prastikawati, Entika Fani; Curle, Samantha
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.15705

Abstract

This study examines the predictors of language acquisition success in Indonesian multilingual classrooms through the lens of major language acquisition theories, particularly social interactionist and cognitive perspectives. A quantitative approach was adopted, employing secondary data analysis from standardised language assessments of 100 secondary school students. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the predictive effects of key variables, including socioeconomic status, prior academic performance, motivation, prior language exposure, cognitive abilities, and classroom teaching methods. Findings reveal that motivation, prior exposure, cognitive abilities, and collaborative learning strategies are stronger predictors of language proficiency than socioeconomic background. Moreover, informal learning environments and community support significantly enhanced students’ language development, underscoring the value of social interactionist perspectives. These results challenge the prevailing assumption that socioeconomic status is the primary determinant of language success and instead emphasise context-specific and learner-driven factors. The study highlights practical implications for language educators and policymakers: designing integrated curricula that combine formal and informal learning opportunities, prioritising motivational and collaborative teaching strategies, and developing early predictive models to identify at-risk learners. By reframing the predictors of language success, this research provides actionable insights for advancing multilingual education policy and practice in Indonesia and beyond.
Exploring the Use of AI in Text Generation and Writing Assistance Among Junior High School Students in the Philippines Esparrago-Kalidas, Adeva Jane; Emata, Lea Lilibeth B.; Macaponggis, Sittie Aleah C.; Galon, Warren J.; Velano, Christoff Andrew R.; Moxcir, Ali Abdullah B.; Goyeneche, Angelique D.; Tulner, Ella V.; Cha, Yerim S.
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.15863

Abstract

This study explores the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for text content generation and writing task assistance among junior high school (JHS) students in a private school in the Philippines. Employing a quantitative survey research design, data were gathered through an online questionnaire and analyzed using means, t-test, and ANOVA. Results revealed that students exhibited low utilization of AI for text content generation (M = 2.42), primarily due to concerns over academic dishonesty, information accuracy, and risk to grades. Conversely, moderate utilization (M = 2.59) was observed in using AI for writing task assistance, such as grammar checking, idea expansion, and feedback—indicating students’ preference for AI as a tool to enhance, rather than replace, their own work. A significant gender difference (p = 0.0150) was found in text generation, with males using AI more than females, while no significant difference (p = 0.3593) emerged in writing assistance. Grade-level comparisons showed low utilization across all levels for text generation, but significant differences (p = 0.0011) in writing assistance, with higher grade levels showing more frequent use. Findings highlight the need for clear school-wide AI policies and structured guidance to support students in responsibly integrating AI into academic practices. School administrators should establish clear policies, provide A.I. literacy programs, and ensure equitable access to foster ethical and effective use of A.I. in education. Teachers must model responsible engagement with A.I., integrate discussions of its limitations and biases into lessons, and guide students in using it as a learning aid rather than a shortcut. Students are encouraged to verify information, maintain academic integrity, and treat A.I. as a supplement to their own critical thinking and effort. This study fills gaps in existing literature by providing information and analysis about differences in A.I. use among students of varying grade levels, particularly for English writing tasks.
An Analysis of Early Childhood Bilingual Program Implementation at Happy Hive Kindergarten, Malaysia Muthmainnah, Tsabita; Jayadinata, Asep Kurnia; Justicia, Risty; Ardhiyanti, Dhea; Mustafa, Lily Muliana
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.16176

Abstract

In the era of globalization, proficiency in international languages is a key factor for competitiveness and cross-cultural collaboration. Malaysia stands out as a significant global example by integrating bilingual education into the National Preschool Standard Curriculum (Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan—KSPK) from the preschool level. This study analyzes the regulations, implementation, and challenges of the bilingual program at Happy Hive Malaysia as a learning model relevant to international contexts.Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews with two educators, participatory observations, and documentation, then analyzed thematically. The main findings reveal that KSPK provides a strong foundation for early childhood language education, while Happy Hive successfully implements a balanced bilingual approach supported by interactive methods and educational media. The challenges encountered—including variations in children’s language proficiency, speech delays, and limited resources—were addressed through teacher training and adjustments to teaching methods. This study underscores the importance of curriculum integration, teacher competence, and child-centered methods for the success of bilingual programs. Policy recommendations include strengthening regulations, providing continuous teacher training, and enhancing support for bilingual resources and media. For practitioners, adaptive strategies and innovative learning media are suggested to improve the effectiveness of bilingual education, positioning Malaysia’s experience as a valuable reference for other countries.
Enhancing Students’ Narrative Writing Skills through Dictogloss: Evidence from a Vocational High School Context Kali, Marius Randan; Widyantoro, Agus; Yulia, Yuyun; Putro, Nur Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo; Purnawan, Ari
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.16230

Abstract

Students’ English narrative-writing skills remain weak, yet writing competence is essential in today’s global context. This study investigated the effectiveness of the Dictogloss technique for improving students’ narrative writing through a mixed-method classroom action research design involving eleventh-grade students at SMK N 1 Tanjung Selor. Data were gathered from observations, students’ worksheets, and writing tests, and analyzed using direct observation notes, self-assessment, and an analytical writing rubric. Findings revealed consistent gains across the five key aspects of writing—content, organization, vocabulary, grammar, and mechanics. From the pre-test to Cycle 1 and Cycle 2, students’ average scores steadily increased, and by the second cycle 34 students (91.2 %) surpassed the passing mark of 75, demonstrating a substantial improvement in overall writing performance. These results confirm the strong positive impact of the Dictogloss method on students’ narrative-writing ability. Pedagogically, teachers are encouraged to integrate Dictogloss as a regular classroom practice by providing structured note-taking activities, guiding pair or group reconstruction of texts, and offering focused feedback on content development, text structure, and precise vocabulary use. Such targeted strategies help students strengthen listening, collaborative, and writing skills simultaneously, ensuring more meaningful engagement and measurable progress in narrative writing. Overall, the research underscores Dictogloss as an integrative method that enhances not only writing accuracy but also collaboration and higher-order thinking skills highly relevant for vocational students preparing for the demands of a global workforce. The implication of the study is that students are encouraged to actively engage in the Dictogloss activities, as these activities help improve writing by developing listening, note-taking, and collaborative skills. It is important to focus on the text's content, structure, and vocabulary when working in pairs, as this will enhance their writing skills.
EFL Teachers’ Perspectives on Teaching Writing and Presenting Skills through Project-Based Learning in the Merdeka Curriculum Ummah, Hoirul; Priyana, Joko
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.16276

Abstract

Project-based learning (PjBL) has been widely applied in English language education, yet its classroom implementation often presents considerable challenges for teachers. This qualitative study investigates these challenges in teaching writing and presenting skills within the context of the Merdeka Curriculum, where integrated skills are emphasized as key learning outcomes. Four English teachers who have actively applied PjBL participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and an open-ended questionnaire, which were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s framework to enhance trustworthiness. Triangulation techniques were employed during data collection and analysis. The findings revealed several challenges, with the most critical being the limited facilities and unequal access to resources, as well as the complexities of assessing group projects. These findings underscore the importance of professional development, curriculum support, and institutional policy in enabling EFL teachers to teach writing and presentation skills through PjBL effectively. Addressing these challenges can improve the sustainability of PjBL practice and foster students’ engagement and skills development in English language learning.
Resolving Structural Ambiguity in English Relative Clauses and Prepositional Phrases Tarihoran, Irfan Hamonangan; Jazadi, Iwan; Solihin, Solihin
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.16456

Abstract

Structural ambiguity remains a persistent challenge in English comprehension, particularly when relative clauses (RCs) and prepositional phrases (PPs) admit multiple interpretations. While much research has examined native speakers or beginning L2 learners, little is known about how advanced learners apply formal syntactic knowledge to disambiguate such structures. This study addresses that gap by investigating how Indonesian EFL undergraduates resolve ambiguity using structural relation patterns—dominance, precedence, and c-command. A qualitative design was employed with 30 English Education majors who had completed a syntax course. Data were collected through tree-diagram tasks and a structured questionnaire, enabling structural and reflective insights. Findings revealed three main strategies: sorting by node, ignoring non-potential nodes, and using punctuation, with late closure as the most dominant approach. Structural analysis showed that while dominance and precedence guided parsing partially, c-command consistently supported accurate disambiguation when reinforced by semantic plausibility. Frequent reactivation also indicated that learners revised their interpretations when implausibility arose, demonstrating interactive rather than strictly structural parsing. The study contributes to syntactic theory by extending the role of c-command to advanced L2 contexts, parsing research by showing interactive strategy use, and pedagogy by advocating explicit instruction on structural relations combined with cognitive strategy training. These insights inform advanced grammar curricula and highlight the need for integrated approaches to ambiguity resolution in academic English.
Challenges and Opportunities: EFL Teachers' Teaching Experiences with ICT-Enhanced Professional Development in Higher Education Kusrini, Endang; Wardani, Niasisca Agustia; Sotlikova, Rimajon
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.16549

Abstract

The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction has become increasingly significant in higher education. While ICT offers clear opportunities for enhancing teaching and learning, little research has specifically examined how ICT-enhanced professional development shapes classroom practices in this context. This study aimed to investigate how higher education EFL teachers’ professional development experiences influenced their use of ICT in the classroom and what challenges and opportunities they perceived for their professional growth. A qualitative case study design was employed, involving classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with eight teachers in a university settings. The findings indicate that professional development plays a crucial role in shaping ICT integration, though its impact was uneven across teachers. At the same time, teachers’ experiences revealed a dual reality. While the teachers faced persistent barriers such as limited infrastructure, time constraints, and lack of sustained support, they also recognize clear opportunities for enhancing student engagement, collaboration, and their own professional development. The study underscores the need for institutions to move beyond one-off workshops by developing sustainable, context-sensitive, creating collaborative communities of practice, and embedding continuous mentorship into policy frameworks are critical to bridging the gap between ICT’s potential and its classroom reality. These implications highlight how higher education institutions can design professional development and policy initiatives that not only build teachers’ digital competence but also foster long-term innovation and improved learning outcomes.

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