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Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
ISSN : 27237648     EISSN : 2723763X     DOI : 10.18196
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
JFAPS focuses on various aspects of pharmaceutical sciences such as: Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmacology & Toxicology Pharmaceutical Chemistry Drug Discovery Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Herb Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 130 Documents
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Hematological Parameters in Subchronic Toxicity Test of Black Garlic Ethanol Extract in Rats Rumaseuw, Ellen Stephanie; Iskandar, Yoppi; Halimah, Eli
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i2.13755

Abstract

The community has used black garlic since ancient times for hypercholesterolemic. Until now, people still consume both raw and cooked black garlic. Black garlic is included in processed garlic products. People on the Asian continent have used black garlic for the past 10 years. This study aims to determine the sub-chronic toxic effect of black garlic ethanol extract on male and female white rats using hematological parameters consisting of hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. This research method was a completely randomized design with the administration of ethanolic extract of black garlic to rats in 5 treatment groups, including a negative control group, a dose group of 1000 mg/kg BW, a dose group of 2000 mg/kg BW, a negative control satellite group and a satellite group with a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level and SPSS version 20. The study results of black garlic ethanol extract showed no significant effect or were at normal levels on hematological parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of black garlic is safe for human use as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia.
Bunium incrassatum Bois. Batt. Trab. (Talghouda) in the improvement of thyroid tissue damages in female rats Aiouaz, Meriem; Bitam, Arezki
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i2.13905

Abstract

This study aims to determine the nutritional and therapeutic effects of dried Bunium incrassatum Bois.Batt.Trab. Tubers powder on rats with hyper and hypothyroidism. Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. G1 (C) received a normal diet. G2 (CT) received a normal diet with dried Talghouda tubers powder dissolved in water. G3 (Hpo) was treated with Carbimazole® (5 mg/day) for 6 weeks. G4 (HpoT) was treated with Carbimazole® (5 mg/day) for 6 weeks and Talghouda for 7 weeks after induced hypothyroidism. G5 (Hpy) was treated with Levothyroxine® (600µg/Kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks. G6 (HpyT) had hyperthyroidism induced by Levothyroxine® (600µg/Kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks and then treated with Talghouda for 7 weeks. A dose of Talghouda was chosen at 1.03g/Kg body weight/day, and all treatments were given by gavage. Phytochemical analysis was carried out for Talghouda, and the thyroid glands of each group were then recovered for histological study. Talghouda treatment showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) increase in body weight in groups G2, G4 and G6 with gland repair and reactivation of thyroid follicles in hyper and hypothyroid rats compared to G1, G3 and G5.  The powder of dried Talghouda tubers, used as traditional medicine in Algeria, improved the damages caused by hyper and hypothyroidism.
Antioxidant effect of Abelmoschus Esculentus against acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity: an experimental study Bekdas, Mervan; Yoldas, Arzu Meyri; Danıs, Aysegul; Duzcu, Selma Erdogan; Alisik, Murat; Cetinkaya, Ayhan; Kocabey, Huseyin; Turel, Idris; Dilek, Mustafa; Dincel, Gokce Kaya
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v3i1.15284

Abstract

Acetaminophen(APAP) intoxication is an important cause of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine(NAC) is used in the treatment, but it has some serious side effects. Abelmoschus esculentus(AE) has various benefits as well as antioxidant effects. This study aims to investigate the effect of AE in APAP-induced acute nephrotoxicity. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups: Control, AE, APAP, APAP+AE, and APAP+AE+NAC. Significant changes were observed in serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin(NGAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule-1(KIM-1) after induction with APAP. NGAL and KIM-1 in the AE group remained low compared to those receiving APAP (p=0.022 and p<0.001, respectively). When the APAP group was compared with the AE and AE+NAC groups, it was found that even the administration of AE alone significantly decreased NGAL and KIM-1(p=0.036 vs.p=0.029 and p<0.001 vs. p<0.001, respectively), these results were attributed to the effects of AE on reducing MDA and increasing SOD. Histopathological studies also confirmed these results. These results demonstrated that AE had protective and therapeutic effects on APAP-induced nephrotoxicity. This benefit of AE is due to its antioxidant effect. In addition, AE may also increase the regenerative capacity of the kidney, which APAP reduces.
Total Flavonoid Content of Lemongrass Leaf (Cymbogoncitratus (DC.) Stapf) Extract and Antioxidant Activity with Frap Nurinnafi'a, Ahda Maulida Ulufan; Artini, Kusumaningtyas Siwi; Permatasari, Desy Ayu Irma
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v3i1.15556

Abstract

Lemongrass (Cymbogoncitratus (DC.) Stapf) leaves contain alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, phenols and flavonoids. Flavonoids act as antioxidants as they can reduce free radicals. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and IC50 value of lemongrass leaf extract (Cymbogoncitratus (DC.) Stapf). Extracts were made by maceration using 96% ethanol as solvent. Testing of total flavonoid content with the AlCl3 method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry was carried out three times. The antioxidant activity test used the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) method on extracts containing 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm. The test results showed that the leaf extract of citronella (Cymbogoncitratus (DC.) Stapf) had a total flavonoid content of 22,60 mg QE/g extract. Furthermore, there was antioxidant activity in the leaf extract of lemongrass (Cymbogoncitratus (DC.) Stapf indicated by the formation of a blue color purplish when reacted with FRAP solution, and IC50 extract value was 71,59 ppm and included in the category of strong antioxidants.
Formulation and Evaluation of Body Scrub Using Flour-Based from Fruits of Indramayu Variety of Cengkir Mango (Mangifera indica L) Hadi, Ismanurrahman; Hidayattullah, Dadan; Irawan, Ade
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v3i1.15569

Abstract

Cengkir Mango (Mangifera indica L) is a variety of mango known in the northern part of West Java and widely used as food, beverage, and natural-based pharmaceutical product. This fruit is potentially used as body scrub ingredients due to its richness in polyphenols contain. This study aims to formulate natural-based body scrub using the Cengkir Mango as an active ingredient. The formulation was divided into 3 groups with different concentrations of mango fruit flour, respectively 35, 46, and 50 grams (F1, F2, and F3). The product evaluation included homogeneity, stability, pH, and hedonic test. The organoleptic of body scrub indicated mango scent and light brownish-darker colors, responding to an increase of concentration for each formulation. The homogeneity test showed that the body scrub had no granulation of mango flour. The evaluation of pH showed the product had pH respectively at 7.5, 7.5, and 7.0 (F1, F2, and F3). These results indicated that the body scrub had good physical properties. Investigation of body scrub stability was used to evaluate the fragrance, color, and consistency of the formulation in storage for 3 weeks at room temperature. The results showed no change in color and consistency but a loss of mango fragrance after 3 weeks. The hedonic test indicated that most participants favored F1 (35 grams of mango flour). Based on these results, the flour of Cengkir mango had good performance as an active ingredient in a natural-based body scrub.
Aqueous Leaf Extract of Chromolaena odorata Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats Ikponmwosa, Bridget Osamuyimen; Usunobun, Usunomena
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v3i1.15652

Abstract

Methotrexate (MTX) usage, despite its toxicity in body organs, has increased steadily over the years due to its broad applicability for treating different ailments, including various forms of cancer. Certain plant species have been shown to possess therapeutic properties by offering a protective effect against drug side effects. Thus, the current study was carried out to evaluate the potential of aqueous Chromolaena odorata leaf extract (AEOC) to attenuate the effect of MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. The study divided thirty (30) male Wistar rats into five groups consisting of six each: Group I (control), Group II (AEOC at 250 mg/kg BW), Group III (MTX at 7 mg/kg BW), Group IV (AEOC at 250 mg/kg BW + MTX at 7 mg/kg BW), and Group V (Vitamin C (100 mg/kg BW) + MTX at 7 mg/kg BW). Chromolaena odorata and Vitamin C was administered for ten consecutive days, while MTX was administered on day 8 for three consecutive days. Rats were sacrificed 24hrs after the last administration. Serum collected was used for the determination of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Albumin (ALB), Total Bilirubin (TB), and Total protein (TP), while liver tissue was used for assessment of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Catalase (CAT) as well as histopathological analysis. The result showed a significant increase in the level of SOD, CAT and a significant reduction in MDA in Chromolaena odorata or Vitamin C treated groups compared with MTX. Furthermore, Chromolaena odorata or Vitamin C significantly reduced liver function enzymes and Total Bilirubin levels while increasing synthetic molecules compared to the MTX group. Chromolaena odorata attenuated the toxic effect of MTX, which was corroborated by histopathological analysis. In conclusion, Chromolaena odorata attenuated MTX-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing antioxidant status; thus, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress.
Antioxidant Activity and Vitamin C Concentration Analysis of Gandaria (Bouae macrophylla Griff) Ethanol Extract Using Spectrophotometry UV Vis Kholifah, Eva; Nurazizah, Dewi; Noviyanto, Fajrin
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v3i2.15992

Abstract

Antioxidants are chemical compounds that donate one or more electrons to free radicals to inhibit free radical reactions. One of the potential antioxidant sources is gandaria fruit (Bouea Macrophylla Griff). This research aims to determine the antioxidant activity and vitamin C content of the gandaria fruit extract. Gandaria fruit was macerated with ethanol as a solvent. Furthermore, the rotated extract was carried out for the phytochemical screening. The results of the phytochemical screening of the gandaria fruit extract showed a positive of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. The gandaria fruit extract was tested for antioxidants and quantitative analysis of vitamin C levels to obtain IC50 values and vitamin C levels using spectrophotometry UV-Vis at a wavelength of 517nm with vitamin C as a positive control. The results of spectrophotometric measurements revealed that the gandaria fruit extract had an IC50 value of 5.72 g/ml, and vitamin C had an IC50 value of 2.260 g/ml, indicating that the gandaria fruit extract and vitamin C had very strong antioxidants. The value of vitamin C levels was 0.526 mg.
In Vitro Biological Activities of Drepanoalpha® Ethanolic Extract, A Justicia Secunda and Moringa Oleifera-Based Phytomedicine Proposed for The Symptomatic Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease Gbolo Zoawe, Benjamin; Nachtergael, Amandine; Tshibangu, Damien S. T.; Misengabu, Nicole M.; Nsabatien, Victoire; Memvanga, Patrick B.; Tshilanda, Dorothée D.; Ngbolua, Jean-Paul K. N.; Mpiana, Pius T.; Duez, Pierre
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v3i2.16000

Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid sickle shape under low-oxygen conditions. These sickle-shaped erythrocytes tend to lyse, aggregate, and obstruct small blood vessels, leading to major complications. The present study aims to investigate properties that may underlie the activity of Drepanoalphaâ, an antisickling herbal formulation developed in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for the prevention and symptomatic treatment of sickle cell disease crises. The Drepanoalpha® Ethanolic Extract (DEE) is a dry extract (drug-extract ratio, DER, 100/11) prepared from ethanol (96 %, v/v) percolation of a 1:1 mixture of 2 food plants, Justicia secunda Vahl and Moringa oleifera Lam. Sickling was classically measured by light microscopy on diluted washed erythrocytes obtained from homozygote patients; erythrocytes were treated with 2 % Na2S2O5 in the presence of DEE (suspension in 9 ‰ NaCl), 9 ‰ NaCl (negative control) or disodium cromoglycate (DSCG, positive control). For all tested conditions, the sickle hemoglobin polymerization, the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio, and the median corpuscular fragility were measured by spectrophotometry. The DEE reversed sickling by 89.1 %, comparable to DSCG (87.7 %; 60.3 µg/mL), inhibiting sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization of 77.8 % and 74.4 %, respectively. The Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio was improved by 18.0 % for DEE and 15.9 % for DSCG. The median corpuscular fragility values were 0.602, 0.714, and 0.732 for NaCl 9 ‰, DSCG, and DEE, respectively. The measured in vitro parameters validate an effective antisickling effect of DEE and confirm the value of this improved traditional herbal formulation for the management of SCD.
Optimization of the Mixing of Hibiscus Flower (Hibiscus rose sinensis) Extract as a Lip Balm Color with Variations in Concentration Kumala Sari, Diah Indah; Mayangsari, Fransisca Dita; Pratiwi, Elasari Dwi
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v4i1.16179

Abstract

Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. is widely used by the community to decorate the garden because of its splendor. In addition, Hibiscus flowers containing anthocyanin and flavonoids have antioxidants, which function as antioxidants against free radicals. This natural dye can be obtained by extracting Hibiscus flowers through maceration using 96% ethanol. In this research, Hibiscus flowers were obtained from Sendang Rejo Village, Lamongan Regency. In the extract process, the Hibiscus flower’s petals were blended until smooth, then added to 96% ethanol (1 liter) and stirred for 30 minutes. Filtrate results were taken, placed in a porcelain dish, and put in an oven at 60 °C for a day. Four formulas were made with varying levels of Hibiscus flower extract: F1 (0%), F2 (2%), F3 (4%), and F4 (6%). Physical evaluation included organoleptic, homogeneity, dispersibility, pH, and qualitative tests for the identification of anthocyanins. The results of the organoleptic, homogeneity, dispersion, pH, and identification of anthocyanins evaluations were then analyzed descriptively. The data from the organoleptic test indicated that F1 had an odorless white color, while F2, F3, and F4 had a red and white color with a distinctive Hibiscus flower aroma. The homogeneity test revealed that while F1 had good homogeneity, F2, F3, and F4 were not homogeneous (heterogeneous). The spreadability test on the four formulas did not fall within the range of requirements, namely 5-7 cm, with an average value of 3.53, but this was related to several significant reasons. In addition, the pH test results matched the requirements for topical preparations, namely 4.5–6.5, with an average value of 5.075. In conclusion, Hibiscus flower extract obtained through the maceration method with 96% ethanol could not give a homogeneous red color from the anthocyanin substance. Physical evaluation and anthocyanin identification tests also obtained good results.
Antibacterial Activity of Abrus precatorius L. Leaves Against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Bacteria Andika, Nadia Aisy; Artini, Kusumaningtyas Siwi; Wardani, Tatiana Siska
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v3i2.16206

Abstract

One of the herbal plants that have medicinal properties is Abrus precatorius L or commonly known as Saga in Indonesia. Empirically, the boiled water of saga leaves is widely used as an ingredient in cough medicine, cancer sores and swollen tonsils. The chemical constituents of antibacterial activity in the saga leaves are glycosides (abrusoside AD and abrusgenin), flavonoids and saponins (glycerin). This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions from saga leaves and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the most active fraction of saga leaves on the growth of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Saga leaf powder was macerated using 96% ethanol, then fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, water as solvent, 96% ethanol extract, and n-hexane fraction. The antibacterial activity test using the diffusion method showed that the extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of saga leaves had antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The most active fraction was the ethyl acetate fraction, with a concentration of 50% with an average inhibition zone diameter of 12.2 mm. The ethyl acetate fraction from saga leaves had the most active antibacterial activity compared to ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction, as seen from the average diameter of the inhibition zone obtained. The test results of the dilution method of the ethyl acetate fraction of saga leaves showed a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 12.5% and a Minimum Killing Concentration of 25%.

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