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Aji Winanta
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INDONESIA
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
ISSN : 27237648     EISSN : 2723763X     DOI : 10.18196
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
JFAPS focuses on various aspects of pharmaceutical sciences such as: Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmacology & Toxicology Pharmaceutical Chemistry Drug Discovery Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Herb Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 130 Documents
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The Chemopreventive Effects of The Combination Between Tea Leaf and Mandarine Peel Extract on Breast Cancer Cell Prabowo, Ega Hida; Febriansah, Rifki
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.010101

Abstract

The number of breast cancer patients is increasing high in the world. This study aims to determine the chemopreventive effect of a combination of ethanolic extracts of tea leaves and mandarin peel in silico and in vitro on T47D breast cancer cells. Extraction by the maceration method used ethanol solvent 70%. The research is an in silico molecular docking utilized software of Autodock Vina to determine the binding affinity of tangeretin compounds and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on HER-2 protein. The antioxidant test used the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method to determine the antioxidant activity of the combination of tea leaf and mandarine peel (CTM) extract. The in vitro test used the method of 3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-il) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to determine the value of IC50 fromCTM on T47D breast cancer cells. The result of this study showed that CTM had a vigorous antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 83 μg/ml. CTM had a weak cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 1889 μg/ml. Molecular tethering results of tangeretin and EGCG compounds produced a docking score of -6.6 and -5.0 kcal/mol with docking score proportion consisting of -4.9 kcal/mol of original ligand, -6.1 kcal/mol of doxorubicin and -4.5 kcal/mol of 5-fluorouracil. CTM had potential as a chemopreventive agent based on the robust antioxidant activity data on T47D breast cancer cells and molecular docking on the HER-2 protein.
Validation of UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method of Quercetin in Ethanol Extract of Tamarind Leaf Yunita, Erma; Yulianto, Deni; Fatimah, Siti; Firanita, Tirsa
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.010102

Abstract

Tamarindus indica L is a medicinal plant that has many benefits. One of the chemical compounds contained therein is the flavonoid quercetin type. The number of herbal products on the market makes the quality assurance of herbal products need to be done by performing the assay of the active compounds using validated methods. This study aims to validate the assay method quercetin in the extract of tamarind leaves. Tamarind leaf extract was macerated with hexane; then, it was re-macerated with 70% ethanol. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The assay was performed using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method, and parameter validation specified in this study, including linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy. Quercetin level obtained in extracts of tamarind leaves was at 21.52 mg/g. Based on the test method validation, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9999, the regression function coefficients (Vx0) was 0.59545%, LOD 0.1515 ppm, LOQ 0.4592 ppm, coefficient of variation precision was less than 2%, and recoveries range was in 97-103%.Tamarindus indica L is a medicinal plant that has many benefits. One of the chemical compounds contained therein is the flavonoid quercetin type. The number of herbal products on the market makes the quality assurance of herbal products need to be done by performing the assay of the active compounds using validated methods. This study aims to validate the assay method quercetin in the extract of tamarind leaves. Tamarind leaf extract was macerated with hexane; then, it was re-macerated with 70% ethanol. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The assay was performed using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method, and parameter validation specified in this study, including linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy. Quercetin level obtained in extracts of tamarind leaves was at 21.52 mg/g. Based on the test method validation, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9999, the regression function coefficients (Vx0) was 0.59545%, LOD 0.1515 ppm, LOQ 0.4592 ppm, coefficient of variation precision was less than 2%, and recoveries range was in 97-103%.
Stability Testing of Compounding Capsule Combination between Paracetamol and Tramadol in a Private Hospital Semarang Kurniawan, Shirley Candra; Gani, Michael Raharja; Yuliani, Sri Hartati
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.010103

Abstract

A combination of Paracetamol and Tramadol is used in mild to severe pain management. In a private Hospital Semarang, this combination is included in fast-moving drugs that it is frequently compounded and prepared in advance. The study aims to determine Beyond Use Date (BUD) in compounding capsules combination between Paracetamol and Tramadol samples. Beyond Use Date is a time limit indicating that a medicine beyond the expiration date must not be used and determined based on the results of stability testing. Samples were stored for 14 days in a tightly closed container far from direct sunlight in room temperature without AC (280C) and without silica gel, room temperature with AC (250C) without silica gel, and room temperature with AC (250C) with silica gel. Furthermore, samples underwent physical and chemical stability testing. Physical stability testing was conducted using organoleptic testing by observing direct changes from the powder color in capsules, capsules form, and scent on the samples. Meanwhile, chemical stability testing was conducted by determining the content of active ingredient from the samples using reversed-phase HPLC method and C18 as the stationary phase, methanol and aquabidest (40:60) as the mobile phase, wavelength 271 nm, flow rate 0.6 mL/min and injection volume 10 μL. The result shows that samples were physically stable for being able to retain the original physical properties showed by consistent powder color and capsules form, and there was no available scent. However, the chemical stability testing method was unable to separate and quantify the content of Paracetamol, Tramadol, and formed degradation products. It can be concluded that Beyond Use Date based on organoleptic and chemical stability testing for 14 days of compounding capsules combination between Paracetamol and Tramadol could not be determined. Nevertheless, this study showed favorable storage conditions in a tightly closed container far from direct sunlight in Room Temperature with AC (250C) with Silica Gel.
The Formulation of Lotion Preparations of Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle) Hadning, Ingenida; Kurnyaningtyas, Putri; Ghozali, Muhammad Thesa
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.010104

Abstract

Betel leaf (Piper betle) contains an essential oil that has extreme antiseptic power (bactericidal and fungicidal). Betel leaf (Piper betle) can be used in the treatment of Tinea versicolor or known in the community as panu. However, its use in the form of leaves is considered impractical by the public and also difficult to obtain. This research formulated betel leaf (Piper betle) into lotion preparations, so its use in the community can be more practical. This study aims to determine the type and concentration of the suspending agent used to produce lotion preparations from betel leaf extract (Piper betle), which has optimal physical quality. This research was an experimental study. The distillation of betel leaf (Piper betle) was carried out to get essential oils. The essential oils of betel leaf (Piper betle), which was used as an active substance in formulations, was 5%. Suspending agents that were used in this study were Arabic gum with concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and CMC Na, with concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%. The formulation of lotion preparations included organoleptic observation, pH test, homogeneity test, and adhesion test. Based on the physical quality test of the lotion preparations that had been conducted, it can be concluded that the lotion preparations of betel leaf extract with 20% concentration of Arabic Gum suspending agent had physical qualities in accordance with lotion dosage criteria.
Determining Caffeine in Fat-Burning Supplements Using Thin Layer Chromatography-Densitometry and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Maulana, Muhammad Luthfi; Ghozali, Muhammad Theza
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.010105

Abstract

There are so many ways to lose weight, such as consuming fat burner supplements to burn fat faster. A fat burner supplement consists of various ingredients, such as caffeine. Fat burner supplements are usually not registered in BPOM RI. This study aims to evaluate caffeine in fat burner supplements qualitatively and quantitatively. These supplements were analyzed in the pharmaceutical laboratory in Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)–Densitometry and UV–Vis Spectrophotometer. Sample preparation was conducted by separating caffeine from supplements by a separatory funnel with chloroform as an organic solvent. Qualitative analysis was carried out by TLC and analyzing standard spectrum, and sampling technique was carried out with UV–Vis Spectrophotometer. The first quantitative analysis used densitometry by measuring the spot on the TLC plate. Meanwhile, the second quantitative analysis used UV–Vis Spectrophotometer by observing absorbency value on samples with λ 273.5 nm. The result of the qualitative test using TLC was analyzed by comparing the Rf value of the standard and the sample. The Rf value of caffeine standard was 0.63, and every sample showed similar value with caffeine standard, indicating that all samples contain caffeine. The result of quantitative test with TLC - Densitometry method revealed 1st sample 5.68 mg/ml, 2nd sample 5.74 mg/ml, 3rd sample 3.43 mg/ml, 4th sample 8.90 mg/ml, and 5th sample 1.88 mg/ml. The qualitative test result was analyzed using the UV–Vis Spectrophotometer method, and all of the caffeine standard spectra can be read at wavelength 273.5 nm, which means all samples contain caffeine. The second quantitative test result analyzed by using UV–Vis Spectrophotometer method  showed 1st sample 3.22 mg/g, 2nd sample 4.56 mg/g, 3rd sample 2.23 mg/g, 4th sample 11.22 mg/g, and 5th sample 0.26 mg/g. It can be concluded that all samples (fat burners) contained caffeine.
Acute Toxicity Study of the Combination of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Leave Extracts Pratama, Nofran Putra; Sari, Kurnia Rahayu Purnomo; Marliana, Ririn Irma
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v1i2.9868

Abstract

Azadirachta indica A.Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Merr.) are medicinal herbs widely used in traditional medicine. Recent research on the combination of these two plants showed aggressive antioxidant activity. The combination results can improve insulin and beta-cell morphology and can increase insulin expression. The variety of activities performed is the basis for conducting acute toxicity tests on the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. to increase public confidence in its efficacy and ensure the safety of its use. The acute toxicity test on the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. was carried out on female Wistar rats by following the 423 procedures of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) Guideline with five groups of experimental animals, namely normal treatment, aquadest solvent treatment and 0.5 Na-CMC 0.5%, a separate treatment of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss., a separate treatment of the ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr., and combination treatment of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and leaves of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Furthermore, it was proceeded by observing the liver of the experimental animals histopathologically. The acute toxicity test results utilizing the 423 procedures of the OECD did not confirm any death or signs of toxicity in the experimental animals, and histopathological observations did not show any major histopathological damage. Based on these results, according to Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS), the combination of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. is included in the unclassified category 2,000 mg/kg BW.
Formula Optimization of Feminine Liquid Soap from Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) Extract Hadning, Ingenida; Yunika, Astri
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v1i2.10295

Abstract

Leucorrhoea is a condition frequently experienced by women. If it is not appropriately treated, it can become a more severe problem. Leucorrhoea is caused by “Candida albicans” fungus infection. Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) has antibacterial and antifungal activity, where garlic can inhibit the growth of the Candida albicans. This study aims to determine the optimal formulation of feminine liquid soap from garlic extract (Allium sativum Linn) with good physical quality; thus, garlic in treating Leucorrhoea can be practically easier. Optimization of liquid soap formulation used carbopol and sodium lauryl sulfate with various concentration variations. The method included organoleptic observation, pH, and specific gravity for one-month storage to obtain a good physical quality of liquid soap. The result showed that the formula with 10% sodium lauryl sulfate met the physical quality test requirements of feminine liquid soap; thus, the formulation of feminine liquid soap with 10% sodium lauryl sulfate was optimal.
Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) Extract As Anti-Hypercholesterolemia Sunnah, Istianatus; Kustiyaningsih, Erna; Oktianti, Dian
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v1i2.10819

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for various diseases, which is still a big problem in Indonesia. Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) is a plant containing flavonoids and terpenoids, which can be used as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent. This study aims to analyze the activity and dosage of yellow pumpkin extract, which can be used as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent to reduce total cholesterol levels comparable to simvastatin by 1.8mg/kg BW/day. This research is pure experimental research with a pre and post-test group design approach. The number of samples was 25 male Wistar rats induced by high-fat feed, quail egg yolk: pork oil (2:1) by 5 ml/200 gramBW/day for 7 days. The extract dosage range was 200, 400, 600 mg/kg BW/ day  for 7 days. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA. The results showed that the administration of yellow pumpkin extract could reduce rats' total blood cholesterol levels with a dose of 600 mg/kg BW/day, comparable to simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg BW/day. The secondary metabolites of the extract were flavonoids and terpenoids. Extract of yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) could reduce total blood cholesterol levels of rats. The dose of 600 mg/kg BW/day could reduce blood cholesterol levels in rats comparable to simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg BW/ day.
Antimicrobial Test of 1-(2.5-Dihydroxi Phenyl)-(3-Pyridine-2-Il) -Propanone Compound in Enterococcus Faecalis and Escherichia Coli Bacteria Using a Well Diffusion Method Wibowo, Andy Eko; Hatala, Rivaldy Rifai; Edang, Awalludin M
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v1i2.10983

Abstract

1-(2.5-dihydroxy phenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound is a compound synthesized by reacting the pyridine-2-carbaldehyde and 2.5-dihydroxyacetophenone compound without solvent with K2CO3 (Potassium Carbonate) catalyst in the microwave. The 1-(2.5-dihydroxy phenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound is a chalcone derivative compound substituted by two hydroxy groups on ring A and has 2-pyridyl groups on ring B. Chalcone is a secondary metabolite compound from the flavonoid group, which has several activities as anti-platelet, anti-bacterial, immunomodulator, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effect of 1-(2.5-dihydroxifenil)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli bacteria. This study used TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) and Melting Point Test to analyze the purity of 1-(2.5-dihydroxy phenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound. Meanwhile, the test for antibacterial activity used a well diffusion method. Concentration variation for 1-(2.5-dihydroxifenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound as antibacterial in Escherichia coli were 0.25 mg/100 μl, 0.5 mg/200 μl, and 0.75 mg/300 μl. Meanwhile, the concentration variation for Enterococcus faecalis bacteria was 5%, 2.5%, 1.25% and was replicated three times. The results of the compound purity test using the melting point test and Thin Layer Chromatography (TCL) showed that the 1-(2.5-dihydroxy phenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound was pure. The results of the antibacterial activity test for 1-(2.5-dihydroxiphenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound showed no zone of inhibition at each test concentration. In conclusion, the 1-(2.5-dihydroxifenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound did not have an antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli bacteria.
Antibacterial Activity of Fractions from Extract Ethanolic of Hylocereus Polyrhizus Peel Against E. Coli and S. aureus Khotimah, Tsania Khusnul; Krisridwany, Annisa; Orbayinah, Salmah; Harimurti, Sabtanti
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v1i2.11001

Abstract

Peel of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one of the plants used as an antibacterial agent as it contains saponin triterpenoid compounds, flavonoid compounds, and alkaloid compounds which can have antibacterial activity. This research aims to determine the antibacterial effect of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fraction of red dragon fruit’s peel against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by the concentration of 10mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 40mg/ml, 80mg/ml dan 160mg/ml. This research was conducted by using laboratory experiments. The simplicia was macerated with 96% ethanol and fractionated by n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The phytochemical screening of the fraction was n-hexane fraction containing saponin and alkaloid, while the ethyl acetate fraction contained saponin and flavonoid. Kanamycin was used as a positive control, while DMSO was used as a negative control. According to this research, the MIC value of ethanol fraction, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction were 80mg/ml, 20mg/ml, and 80mg/ml, respectively, for E. coli and all fractions were 10mg/ml for S. aureus. Based on the average diameter of the inhibition zone, the largest diameter zone in E. coli was ethyl acetate fraction with 160mg/ml concentration  that was  10,33mm. Meanwhile, in S. aureus n-hexane fraction, it was 160mg/ml, which was 11,20mm. This result showed that the n-hexane fraction has good gram-positive activity while the ethyl acetate fraction has good activity on gram-negative.

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