Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Developing the Business Resilience - Technopreneur and Digital Transformation Model Tuegeh, Octavia Diana Monica; Nagy, Adrian Szilárd; Paat, Franda Benedicta; Tumiwa , Johan Reineer; Kawet, Frilly
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v6i2.64305

Abstract: This research aims to develop a business resilience model on MSMEs during COVID-19 theoretically and empirically. This research uses the TCM method for literature review analysis and SEM for model testing. The object population of this research is MSMEs in a rural area in Indonesia. The sample of this research is 301 MSME owners who are still surviving during COVID-19. The results reveal no significant direct influence of government support assistance on business resilience. However, government support assistance, knowledge management, and innovation through technopreneur have a significant impact on digital transformation, and then digital transformation on business resilience. The research made new theoretical and empirical contributions of MSMEs to utilize government support in business resilience models and knowledge management and innovation concerning entrepreneurship. Keywords: Business resilience; COVID-19; digital transformation; government assistance; innovation; knowledge management; MSMEs; technopreneur.

Landslide Susceptibility Classification of the Rerer Watershed, Minahasa Regency Todingan, Melisa P.; Rahma S, Risal Nur; Umboh, Riel J.; Pakasi, Sandra E.
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.66531

This study aims to analyze the level of landslide susceptibility in the Rerer Watershed, focusing on agricultural areas dominated by mixed gardens, dryland farms, and partially open land. The parameters used include slope gradient, rainfall, land use, soil type, and geology. The analysis employed a scoring method based on Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to produce a susceptibility zonation map. The results show that the biophysical conditions of the Rerer Watershed are dominated by moderately steep slopes (15–25%), Eutropepts Dystrandepts soil types, and weathered volcanic rocks (Qtv), combined with an annual rainfall of approximately 1,500–2,000 mm. Anthropogenic factors, particularly agricultural cultivation on sloping terrain, significantly contribute to increased vulnerability. The landslide susceptibility zonation is classified into three levels: low (43.37 ha or 14.75%), moderate (230.17 ha or 78.27%), and high (20.53 ha or 6.98%). These findings emphasize the importance of implementing soil and water conservation strategies—such as terracing, cover crops, and agroforestry systems—to mitigate landslide risks while maintaining the hydrological sustainability of the Rerer Watershed in Minahasa Regency. Keywords: landslide susceptibility, agricultural land, watershed . Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat kerawanan longsor di DAS Rerer dengan fokus pada kawasan lahan pertanian yang didominasi kebun campuran, tegalan/ladang, dan sebagian lahan terbuka. Parameter yang digunakan meliputi kemiringan lereng, curah hujan, penggunaan lahan, jenis tanah, dan geologi. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode skoring berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk menghasilkan zonasi kerawanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi biofisik DAS Rerer didominasi lereng agak curam (15–25%), jenis tanah Eutropepts Dystrandepts, serta batuan vulkanik (Qtv) yang mudah lapuk, dikombinasikan dengan curah hujan tahunan sekitar 1500-2000 mm/tahun. Faktor antropogenik berupa aktivitas budidaya lahan pertanian pada lereng miring menjadi pendorong utama peningkatan kerentanan. Zonasi kerawanan longsor terbagi dalam tiga kelas, yaitu rawan rendah seluas 43,37 Ha atau sekitar 14,75%, rawan sedang seluas 230,17 Ha atau sekitar 78,27%, dan rawan tinggi seluas 20,53 atau sekitar 6,98%. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan strategi konservasi tanah dan air, seperti terasering, vegetasi penutup, dan sistem agroforestri, guna mitigasi risiko longsor sekaligus menjaga keberlanjutan fungsi hidrologis DAS Rerer di Kabupaten Minahasa. Kata Kunci: rawan longsor, lahan pertanian, daerah aliran sungai

The Effect of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation on The Marketing Performance of Palm Sugar Msmes in South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi: The Role of Competitive Advantage as A Mediating Variable Raintung, Michael Ch.; Loindong, Sjendry S.R.; Kawet, Raymond Ch.
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.66544

This study aims to analyze the influence of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on marketing performance, as well as examine the role of competitive advantage as a mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method of 62 palm sugar MSME owners in South Minahasa Regency. The research instrument is a questionnaire that has been validated by the Pearson correlation test and tested for reliability by Cronbach's Alpha test. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS Version 28 program, including descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis to test hypotheses. The results of the study show that market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage and marketing performance. In addition, competitive advantage has also been shown to play a significant mediating variable in the relationship between market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and marketing performance. The conclusion of this study shows that palm sugar MSMEs that have a strong market orientation and entrepreneurship will be able to create a competitive advantage, which will ultimately improve their marketing performance. The results of this study are expected to provide input for MSME owners, the government, and other stakeholders in developing strategies to improve the performance of MSMEs in the palm sugar sector. Keywords: Market Orientation, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Competitive Advantage, Marketing Performance, Palm Sugar MSMEs Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh orientasi pasar dan orientasi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja pemasaran, serta memeriksa peran keunggulan bersaing sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei terhadap 62 pemilik UMKM gula aren di Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner yang telah divalidasi dengan uji korelasi Pearson dan diuji reliabilitas dengan uji Cronbach’s Alpha. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS Versi 28, meliputi statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, dan analisis regresi linier berganda untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orientasi pasar dan orientasi kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keunggulan bersaing serta kinerja pemasaran. Selain itu, keunggulan bersaing juga terbukti berperan sebagai variabel mediasi yang signifikan dalam hubungan antara orientasi pasar, orientasi kewirausahaan, dan kinerja pemasaran. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa UMKM gula aren yang memiliki orientasi pasar dan kewirausahaan yang kuat akan mampu menciptakan keunggulan bersaing, yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan kinerja pemasaran mereka. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan bagi pemilik UMKM, pemerintah, dan pemangku kepentingan lain dalam mengembangkan strategi untuk meningkatkan kinerja UMKM di sektor gula aren. Kata Kunci: Orientasi Pasar, Orientasi Kewirausahaan, Keunggulan Bersaing, Kinerja Pemasaran, UMKM Gula Aren

The Role Of Digital Service Quality and Perceived Ease Of Use in The Adoption of Digital Wealth Management Among Millennial Farmers Philipus, Cyndrika Rany; Tindi, Ricardo Gianluigi; Sintaro, Sanriomi
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.66548

This study examines the roles of digital service quality and perceived ease of use in shaping adoption intention toward digital wealth management among millennial farmers. Drawing on a service marketing perspective and technology acceptance logic, the study also positions trust as a key mechanism that links service perceptions to adoption intention. A structured questionnaire was administered to 236 millennial farmers (aged 20–39), and the proposed model was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with bootstrapping. The descriptive results indicate that perceived ease of use is generally high, reflecting respondents’ familiarity with smartphones, while perceptions of service quality and trust vary more substantially. The structural model shows that digital service quality strongly predicts trust (β = 0.991, p < 0.001) and that trust strongly predicts adoption intention (β = 0.810, p < 0.001). Digital service quality also has a small but significant direct effect on intention (β = 0.183, p = 0.012), indicating partial mediation. The indirect effect of digital service quality on intention through trust is large and significant (β = 0.803, p < 0.001), confirming that trust transmits most of the impact of service quality. Perceived ease of use shows statistically significant but small effects on trust and intention, suggesting usability functions primarily as a baseline enabler for digitally capable millennials. The model explains substantial variance in trust (R² = 0.979) and intention (R² = 0.981). Discriminant validity diagnostics indicate strong overlap among service quality, trust, and intention, suggesting that respondents may form a holistic evaluation of the platform; this limitation should be addressed through construct refinement in future research. Practically, the findings imply that increasing digital wealth management adoption in agricultural communities should prioritize trust-building service quality cues, including reliability, transparency, security assurance, and responsive support.

Application of Local Bacillus Thuringiensis Isolates as Biopesticides for Control of Spodoptera Frugiperda in Maize Salaki, Christina Leta; Makal, Henny V.; Paat, Frangky J.; Pamandungan, Yefta
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.66642

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is an invasive pest that threatens maize production and can increase dependence on synthetic insecticides, highlighting the need for locally effective biological control options. This study screened 24 local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates for insecticidal activity against third instar S. frugiperda using a maize leaf dip feeding bioassay. For initial screening, maize leaf sections were treated with 1.5 × 10⁷ spores mL⁻¹ and offered to larvae (30 larvae per isolate), with mortality recorded up to 72 h. Isolates producing at least 50 percent mortality at 72 h were advanced to pathogenicity testing. Selected isolates were evaluated at five concentrations (1.5 × 10³ to 1.5 × 10⁷ spores mL⁻¹) to estimate LC50 at 72 h, and at 1.5 × 10⁷ spores mL⁻¹ to estimate LT50; parameters were calculated by probit analysis and reported with 95 percent fiducial limits. Ten isolates met the screening criterion, and isolate ITH produced the highest mortality (93.3 percent) at 72 h. ITH also showed the greatest pathogenicity, with an LC50 of 7.5 × 10³ spores mL⁻¹ and an LT50 of 19.5 h, indicating high potency and rapid action relative to other candidates. The results demonstrate substantial variability among local Bt isolates and identify promising strains for further development. Future work should confirm isolate identity, characterize toxin profiles, optimize production and formulation, and validate efficacy and crop protection performance under semi field and field conditions for integration into maize integrated pest management. Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; biopesticide; fall armyworm; leaf dip bioassay; maize; Spodoptera frugiperda

The Effect of Online Visual Merchandising on Impulse Buying of Online Food Products Among Shopee Users: The Mediating Role of Site Trust Kawet, Raymond Ch.; Raintung, Michael Ch.; Lumantow, Rudie Yobie
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.66643

This study examines the effect of online visual merchandising on consumer impulse buying of online food products among Shopee users in Manado City, Indonesia, and tests the mediating role of site trust. A quantitative survey approach was employed using structured questionnaires measuring three constructs: visual merchandising, site trust, and impulse buying. Data were analyzed using regression-based mediation procedures in SPSS. The usable dataset consisted of 75 respondents. The findings indicate that online visual merchandising has a positive and significant effect on impulse buying, suggesting that attractive and informative digital product presentation (e.g., layout, images, and presentation cues) increases consumers’ tendency to make unplanned purchases. Visual merchandising also positively influences site trust. When site trust is included in the impulse buying model, it remains a significant predictor and reduces the direct effect of visual merchandising, indicating that site trust mediates the relationship between visual merchandising and impulse buying. These results highlight that effective visual merchandising not only stimulates impulsive purchase behavior directly but also indirectly by strengthening consumers’ trust in the platform. Practically, marketplace platforms and sellers should optimize visual presentation while simultaneously reinforcing trust-related signals (e.g., perceived security, reliability, and platform credibility) to encourage purchases without undermining consumer confidence. Keywords: impulse buying; Shopee; site trust; online food products; online visual merchandising

The Impact Of Plant Growth Regulators (Pgrs) On Potato Plant Explant Somatic Embryogenesis And Embryonic Callus Induction Lengkong, Edy F.; Pongoh, Jantje; Wanget, Sesilia A.
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.66644

The purpose of this study was to develop methods for inducing potato somatic embryogenesis utilizing a variety of plant growth regulator types and concentrations, both directly and indirectly. Internodal explants of the Superjhon type of potato were used in the study, which was carried out from April to July 2024 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University. On MS media enriched with a mixture of NAA + kinetin and BAP + 2,4-D, embryogenic callus induction was performed. While indirect somatic embryogenesis was performed utilizing embryogenic callus on MS medium with different BAP concentrations, direct somatic embryogenesis induction was performed on MS media containing zeatin, IAA, and GA₃. The best embryogenic callus with a compact and granular texture was created by combining 1.5 mg/l BAP with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D, according to the results. In MS medium + 1 mg/l zeatin + 0.02 mg/l IAA + 0.2 mg/l GA₃, direct somatic embryogenesis demonstrated the quickest and most efficient response, with the percentage of somatic embryo development reaching 54.5% in the fourth week. In the tenth week, indirect somatic embryogenesis yielded the greatest percentage of embryos (83%) in MS medium + 7 mg/l BAP. Compared to indirect ES, direct ES is quicker, easier, and results in more consistent shoot regeneration. Keywords: ZPT, tissue culture, somatic embryogenesis, potato ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh teknik induksi embriogenesis somatik kentang melalui jalur langsung dan tidak langsung dengan penggunaan beberapa jenis dan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sam Ratulangi pada bulan April–Juli 2024 menggunakan eksplan internodus kentang varietas Superjhon. Induksi kalus embriogenik dilakukan pada media MS yang diperkaya kombinasi NAA + kinetin serta BAP + 2,4-D. Induksi embriogenesis somatik langsung dilakukan pada media MS yang mengandung zeatin, IAA, dan GA₃, sedangkan embriogenesis somatik tidak langsung dilakukan menggunakan kalus embriogenik pada media MS dengan berbagai konsentrasi BAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi 1,5 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l 2,4-D menghasilkan kalus embriogenik terbaik dengan tekstur kompak dan granular. Embriogenesis somatik langsung menunjukkan respons tercepat dan paling efektif pada media MS + 1 mg/l zeatin + 0,02 mg/l IAA + 0,2 mg/l GA₃ dengan persentase pembentukan embrio somatik mencapai 54,5% pada minggu keempat. Sementara itu, embriogenesis somatik tidak langsung menghasilkan persentase embrio tertinggi (83%) pada media MS + 7 mg/l BAP pada minggu ke-10. ES langsung lebih cepat, sederhana, dan menghasilkan regenerasi tunas yang lebih seragam dibandingkan ES tidak langsung. Kata kunci: kentang, kultur jaringan, embriogenesis somatik, ZPT

Analyzing The Potato Supply Chain In The Modoinding District, South Minahasa Region Waney, Nordy F. L.; Pakasi, Caroline B. D.; Lolowang, Tommy F.
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study analyzes the structure and marketing performance of the potato supply chain in Modoinding District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, with emphasis on product, financial, and information flows across dominant marketing channels. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and focus group discussions with farmers and key marketing actors. Supply chain mapping was used to identify actors and channel pathways, while marketing performance was evaluated using marketing margins, marketing costs, marketing profits, and farmer share. The mapping results indicate three dominant channels: (1) local marketing to Modoinding and Kotamobagu traditional markets, (2) distribution to Manado traditional markets, and (3) inter-island distribution via port-based traders/offtakers. Farm-gate price was IDR 15,000/kg across channels, while terminal prices increased with channel length: IDR 17,000–17,500/kg (Modoinding local), IDR 18,500/kg (Kotamobagu), IDR 21,000/kg (Manado), and IDR 25,000/kg (inter-island). Consequently, total marketing margins rose from IDR 2,000–2,500/kg in the shortest channel to IDR 10,000/kg in the inter-island channel, and farmer share declined from approximately 85.7–88.2% (local Modoinding) to 60.0% (inter-island). Transport and shipping-related activities were the main cost drivers in longer channels. Overall, improving postharvest handling, logistics coordination, and market information feedback to farmers is critical to reduce losses and enhancing upstream value capture. Keywords: farmer share; inter-island trade; marketing channels; marketing margin; modoinding District; potato; supply chain mapping

Eco-Enzyme as a Bioactivator for Converting Organic Wastes into Organic Fertilizer: Effects on Chili Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Growth and Yield in Tomohon, Indonesia. Polii, Maria Goretti Meity; Tulungen, Antje Grace; Walingkas, Stanley A. F.; Sompotan, Saartje
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.66742

Eco-enzyme has been promoted as a low-cost bioactivator for converting organic residues into useful soil amendments, but comparative agronomic evidence across different waste substrates remains limited. This study evaluated eco-enzyme–assisted organic fertilizers prepared from several locally available organic wastes and assessed their effects on chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth and yield in Kakaskasen, Tomohon City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, from April to October 2025. A pot experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications (24 experimental units). Eco-enzyme was produced by fermenting fruit peels, sugar, and water (3:1:10) for three months. Organic fertilizers were prepared using eco-enzyme alone or eco-enzyme combined with vegetable waste, fruit waste, market waste, chicken-manure waste, or household organic waste, and were incorporated into the pot medium one week before transplanting at an equivalent rate of 20 t ha⁻¹. Plant height, fruit number per plant, and fresh fruit weight per plant were measured at 100 days after transplanting and analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference test at 5%. Organic-waste substrate significantly affected all measured variables. The eco-enzyme + market-waste formulation produced the tallest plants (133.37 cm), the highest fruit number (89.50 fruits plant⁻¹), and the highest mean fresh fruit weight (225.25 g plant⁻¹), markedly exceeding eco-enzyme alone (69.12 cm; 36.75 fruits plant⁻¹; 78.75 g plant⁻¹). Overall, eco-enzyme–activated market-waste fertilizer was the most effective formulation for improving chili growth and yield under the conditions of this pot experiment. Keywords: Capsicum annuum; eco-enzyme; market waste; organic fertilizer; waste valorization

Optimizing Shade Level to Improve Vegetative Growth and Shoot Biomass of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) in Tomohon, North Sulawes. Wanget, Sesilia Anita; Tumewu, Pemmy; Tulungen, Antje Grace; Titah, Tilda
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (JAT) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.66743

Eco-enzyme has been promoted as a low-cost bioactivator for converting organic residues into useful soil amendments, but comparative agronomic evidence across different waste substrates remains limited. This study evaluated eco-enzyme–assisted organic fertilizers prepared from several locally available organic wastes and assessed their effects on chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth and yield in Kakaskasen, Tomohon City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, from April to October 2025. A pot experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications (24 experimental units). Eco-enzyme was produced by fermenting fruit peels, sugar, and water (3:1:10) for three months. Organic fertilizers were prepared using eco-enzyme alone or eco-enzyme combined with vegetable waste, fruit waste, market waste, chicken-manure waste, or household organic waste, and were incorporated into the pot medium one week before transplanting at an equivalent rate of 20 t ha⁻¹. Plant height, fruit number per plant, and fresh fruit weight per plant were measured at 100 days after transplanting and analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference test at 5%. Organic-waste substrate significantly affected all measured variables. The eco-enzyme + market-waste formulation produced the tallest plants (133.37 cm), the highest fruit number (89.50 fruits plant⁻¹), and the highest mean fresh fruit weight (225.25 g plant⁻¹), markedly exceeding eco-enzyme alone (69.12 cm; 36.75 fruits plant⁻¹; 78.75 g plant⁻¹). Overall, eco-enzyme–activated market-waste fertilizer was the most effective formulation for improving chili growth and yield under the conditions of this pot experiment. Keywords: Capsicum annuum; eco-enzyme; market waste; organic fertilizer; waste valorization

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Frangky J. Paat

Contact Email
jurnalsr_agroekotek@unsrat.ac.id

Phone
+62895395272667

Journal Mail Official
jurnalsr_agroekotek@unsrat.ac.id

Editorial Address
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sam Ratulangi , Jl Kampus Bahu, Kec. Malalayang, Manado Sulawesi Utara 95115

Location
Kota manado,

Sulawesi utara

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Frangky J. Paat

Contact Email jurnalsr_agroekotek@unsrat.ac.id

Phone +62895395272667

Journal Mail Official jurnalsr_agroekotek@unsrat.ac.id

Editorial Address Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sam Ratulangi , Jl Kampus Bahu, Kec. Malalayang, Manado Sulawesi Utara 95115

Location Kota manado, Sulawesi utara INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Frangky J. Paat

Contact Email
jurnalsr_agroekotek@unsrat.ac.id

Phone
+62895395272667

Journal Mail Official
jurnalsr_agroekotek@unsrat.ac.id

Editorial Address
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sam Ratulangi , Jl Kampus Bahu, Kec. Malalayang, Manado Sulawesi Utara 95115

Location
Kota manado,

Sulawesi utara

INDONESIA