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Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 27753336     EISSN : 27747328     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v1i2
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs, is a peer-reviewed journal published twice a year in February and August by Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Hasanuddin University. Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs welcomes academics as well as practitioners to contribute their thoughts on International Relations. Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs with registered number ISSN 2774-7328 (Print), ISSN 2775-3336 (Online), is published in English or Bahasa Indonesia. Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs discusses both theoretical and empirical findings. The main theory and concepts should refer to studies of International Relations, International Security, International Political Economy, or International and Transnational Studies.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 60 Documents
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Krisis Energi Uni Eropa: Tantangan dan Peluang dalam Menghadapi Pasokan Energi yang Terbatas Dina Siti Logayah; Regina Putri Rahmawati; Daine Zahra Hindami; Bella Rizky Mustikasari
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27052

Abstract

The energy crisis is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. In recent decades, energy demand has increased dramatically due to global population growth, industrial developments, and increasing living standards. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine started in 2014 when Russia annexed the Sevastopol region of Ukraine. This conflict was neglected for years until it finally reached its peak in 2022. This conflict became one of the factors in the energy crisis that occurred in Europe. Several countries in Europe have declared an energy crisis. Some of these European countries include Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Austria and Denmark. The purpose of writing this article is to find out what are the challenges and opportunities faced due to the energy crisis in Europe. The method used in writing this article is to use a literature review approach by selecting the database source to be used, downloading and processing text and citation files with Mendeley. The results of this study from the existence of an energy crisis in Europe can have an impact both in the economic field and in the lives of its people. The opportunities that arise are investment in renewable energy, the emergence of energy-saving attitudes, further development of energy infrastructure, the emergence of energy technology innovations, and finally, increased international cooperation.   Krisis energi adalah salah satu tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi dunia saat ini. Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, permintaan energi telah meningkat secara dramatis karena pertumbuhan populasi global, perkembangan industri, dan peningkatan standar hidup. Konflik antara Rusia dan Ukraina dimulai pada tahun 2014 ketika Rusia mencaplok wilayah Sevastopol di Ukraina. Konflik ini terbengkalai selama bertahun-tahun hingga akhirnya mencapai puncaknya pada tahun 2022. Konflik tersebut menjadi salah satu faktor terjadinya krisis energi yang terjadi di Eropa. Beberapa negara di Eropa telah menyatakan adanya krisis energi. Beberapa negara di Eropa tersebut diantaranya Jerman, Swedia, Belanda, Austria, dan Denmark. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apa saja tantangan serta peluang yang dihadapin akibat terjadinya krisis energi di eropa ini. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini yaitu dengan menggunakan pendekatan literature review dengan memilih database sumber yang akan digunakan, mengunduh dan memproses teks dan file kutipan dengan Mendeley. Hasil dari penelitian ini Dari adanya krisis energi di Eropa dapat memunculkan dampak baik di segi ekonomi dan kehidupan masyarakatnya. Adapun peluang yang muncul yaitu investasi terhadap energi terbarukan, munculnya sikap hemat energi, mengembangkan lagi infrastruktur energi, munculnya inovasi teknologi energi, dan yang terakhir yaitu meningkatnya kerjasama internasional.
Analisis Peran Medecins Sans Frontieres Terhadap Krisis Kemanusiaan Di Suriah Melalui Pendekatan Prinsip Kemanusiaan Aulia Karin Salsabila; Hasbi Aswar
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27482

Abstract

The Syrian conflict involving government troops and opposition groups that has occurred since 2011 has resulted in a severe humanitarian crisis. Although this conflict has been mediated by various parties, until now the problem has not been resolved. This article will discuss one of the international actors who participated in dealing with the humanitarian impact that occurred in Syria, namely Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). The role of MSF will be analysed using the concept of humanitarian principles in global humanitarian action. Data was collected through an online literature search relevant to this study. This article finds that MSF has a major role to play in helping to ease the health burden experienced by the war-affected Syrian people. In its role too, MSF always adheres to humanitarian principles such as humanity, neutrality, independence and impartiality. Konflik Suriah yang melibatkan tantara pemerintah dan kelompok opoisis yang terjadi sejak tahun 2011 menghasilkan krisis kemanusiaan yang parah. Meskipun konflik ini telah berupaya dimediasi oleh berbagai pihak, namun sampai saat ini permasalah tersebut belum juga tuntas. Artikel ini akan membahas salah satu aktor internasional yang turut serta dalam menangani dampak kemanusiaan yang terjadi di Suriah yaitu Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). Peran MSF ini akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan konsep prinsip kemanusiaan dalam aksi kemanusiaan global (humanitarian action). Data dikumpulkan melalui penelusuran literatur daring yang relevan dengan kajian ini. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa MSF memiliki peran besar dalam membantu meringantkan beban Kesehatan yang dialami oleh masyarakat Suriah yang terdampak perang. Dalam perannya juga, MSF selalu menjalankan prinsip – prinsip kemanusiaan seperti kemanusiaan, netralitas, kemandirian dan ketidakberpihakan.
Kepentingan Australia dalam Diplomasi Pembangunan terhadap Nauru Riady Ibnu Khaldun; Erwin Amiruddin; Asma Amin
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27654

Abstract

This research examines Australia's interests in Nauru in development diplomacy and the obstacles to achieving or achieving these interests. The concept used in analyzing this phenomenon is the concept of Development Diplomacy and National Interests. Furthermore, in this study using qualitative research methods with data collection techniques carried out by literature studies or Internet research where all data comes from secondary data. The results of this study indicate that Australia's interest in Nauru in conducting development diplomacy is to maintain its position in the Pacific Region, namely to ensure regional security. Preventing Chinese influence in the Pacific through harmonious relations with the creation of a political partnership between Australia and Nauru. Maintaining the stability of the Pacific Region, one of which makes Nauru a location for Australian Illegal Immigration. And strengthening bilateral relations between the two parties so that Australia can control Nauru's natural resources as well as encourage the implementation of development cooperation. In addition, obstacles to achieving Australia's interests in Nauru are threats to Australia's position in the Pacific region, China's influence which threatens Australia, challenges for Australia in maintaining stability in the Pacific region and challenges for Australia to bilateral relations with Nauru.   Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai kepentingan Australia terhaap Nauru dalam diplomasi pembangunan dan hambatan dalam mencapai atau meraih kepentingan tersebut. Konsep yang digunakan dalam menganalisis fenomena ini adalah konsep Diplomasi Pembangunan dan Kepentingan nasional. Selanjutnya, pada penelitian ini mengunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi literatur atau Internet research di mana keseluruhan data berasal dari data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepentingan Australia terhadap Nauru dalam melakukan diplomasi pembangunan adalah mempertahankan posisinya di Kawasan Pasifik yakni untuk menjamin terciptanya keamanan regional. Mencegah pengaruh China di Pasifik melalui hubungan harmonis dengan terciptanya kemitraan politik antara Australia dengan Nauru. Menjaga stabilitas Kawasan Pasifik satu di antaranya menjadikan Nauru sebagai lokasi penampungan Imigrasi Ilegal Australia. Dan memperkuat hubungan bilateral di antara kedua belah pihak agar Australia bisa menguasai sumber daya alam Nauru termasuk juga mendorong terlaksanannya kerjasama pembangunan. Selain itu hambatan dalam mencapai kepentingan Australia terhadap Nauru adalah Ancaman terhadap posisi Australia di Kawasan Pasifik, Pengaruh China yang Mengancam Australia, Tantangan bagi Australia dalam menjaga stabilitas di Kawasan Pasifik dan Tantangan bagi Australia terhadap hubungan bilateral dengan Nauru.
Retaliasi China terhadap Amerika Serikat dalam Konteks Perang Dagang Riady Ibnu Khaldun; Ratna Sari; Andi Ismira
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27661

Abstract

The protectionism policy was first implemented in the 2018 by the United States when there was a deficit in domestic trade for Chinese products, under the pretext of protecting domestic industries that could not compete with Chinese products. Then, China responded to this policy by imposing tariffs on US products with the concept of trade retaliation. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Chinese retaliation on trade policy to the United States in the trade war. then, the research method used by the author in this study is a descriptive research method that uses data types, namely secondary data sources. This study used the theory of protectionism and the concept of trade retaliation in analyzing China's retaliation towards the United States in trade wars. The retaliation carried out by China as a form of retaliation for the protectionist policies carried out by the US previously had an impact in the form of: 1) a trade deficit of 21% in 2016 caused huge losses to the agricultural sector; 2) a fall in the value of US exports of $32 billion which hurt many US companies; 3) decreased investment due to economic uncertainty due to trade wars; and 4) influencing the US election in 2020 due to trade policies towards China which has an impact on trade wars.   Kebijakan proteksionisme pertamakali diterapkan oleh Amerika Serikat ketika terjadi devisit perdagangan dalam negerinya terhadap produk China, dengan dalih untuk melindungi industri domestik yang kalah bersaing dengan produk China. kemudian, China membalas kebijakan tersebut dengan memberlakukan tarif produk AS dengan konsep retaliasi perdagangan, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan dari Retaliasi China terhadap Amerika Serikat dalam konteks perang dagang. kemudian, metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan jenis data yakni sumber data sekunder. Dengan menggunakan teori proteksionisme dan kensep retaliasi perdagangan dalam menganalisis retaliasi China terhadap Amerika Serikat dalam konteks perang dagang. kebijakan proteksionisme yang diterapkan AS pada periode awalnya memang membawa dampak awal yang baik bagi ekonomi industri domestik, namun berbeda ketika China mengajukan retaliasi perdagangan sehingga dampak yang ditimbulkan sangat dirasakan oleh industri manufaktur Amerika Serikat, pengaruh pada sektor pertanian, sampai pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2020. perang dagang mengurangi defisit perdagangan Amerika Serikat dengan China pada tahun 2019, namun, hal ini berbalik pada tahun 2020,ketika china menerapkan retaliasi perdagangan, alhasil defisit perdagangan meningkat kembali ke tingkat sebelum perang perdagangan, sementara defisit perdagangan Amerika Serikat secara keseluruhan meningkat
Analisis Propaganda Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) di Indonesia Melalui Jalur Media Sosial Eni Susanti; Andi Ismira; Sadriani
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27663

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and understand how the ISIS network disseminated its extremist propaganda in Indonesia through social media between 2014 and 2017, as well as what mode of operation did the ISIS network use and how the propaganda was created and seek information about the methods and media used by the ISIS network. the strategies used, the intended audience, the discourses used, the messages and motivations conveyed, as well as the propaganda techniques used to create and spread the propaganda in a directed manner toward Indonesian society. The writing of this research uses a descriptive approach to analyze or present a comprehensive picture of the steps taken by the ISIS network to create and spread its extremist propaganda in Indonesia based on data observations. The type of data used is secondary data, and data collection techniques using a literature study approach, data collected from books, theses, papers, journals and websites. The results showed that the spread of Isis had started since January 2014 and 155 articles containing Isis propaganda had been recorded on the arrahman.com web page. not only web pages, Isis propaganda also wrote articles containing propaganda through Facebook social media accounts and also distributed them through the telegram chat application. From 2016–2017 there have been more than 60 telegram channels related to the spread of Isis ideology. Not only that, Isis also routinely publishes a digital bulletin in the Indonesian language called AL Fatihin which contains praise for the bomb terror that has been carried out in several radical Indonesian organizations.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan memahami bagaimana jaringan ISIS menyebarluaskan propaganda ekstremisnya di Indonesia melalui media sosial antara tahun 2014 sampai 2017, serta mode operasi apa yang digunakan jaringan ISIS dan bagaimana propaganda tersebut dibuat dan mencari informasi tentang metode dan media yang digunakan oleh jaringan ISIS, strategi yang digunakan, audiens yang dituju, wacana yang digunakan, pesan dan motivasi yang disampaikan, serta teknik propaganda yang digunakan untuk membuat dan menyebarkan propagandanya secara terarah pada masyarakat Indonesia. Penulisan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif untuk menganalisis atau menyajikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang langkah-langkah yang dilakukan jaringan ISIS untuk membuat dan menyebarluaskan propaganda ekstremisnya di Indonesia berdasarkan pengamatan data. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, dan teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur, data dikumpulkan dari buku, tesis, makalah, jurnal dan website. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebaran Isis sudah di mulai sejak januari 2014 dan sudah tercatat 155 tulisan berisi propaganda Isis di halaman web arrahman.com. tidak hanya halaman web, propganda Isis pun menulis tulisan berisis propaganda  melalui akun media sosial facebook dan disebarkan juga melalui melalui aplikasi chat telegram. Dari tahun 2016–2017 sudah terdapat lebih 60 channel telegram yang berkaitan dengan penyebaran ideologi Isis tersebut.Tidak hanya sampai situ, Isis juga rutin menerbitkan buletin digital berbahasa Indonesia yang bernama AL Fatihin yang berisi pujian–pujian atas teror bom yang telah di lakukan beberapa organisasi radikal Indonesia.
Peran United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) dalam Menangani Pengungsi Luar Negeri di Indonesia pada Tahun 2016-2022 Dyah Ayu Putri; Muhaimin Zulhair Achsin
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27709

Abstract

Forced migration as a result of armed conflict, natural disasters and social and political oppression encourages people to leave their country of origin. As a result, people are scattered around the world seeking asylum in hopes of a better life, and Indonesia is no exception. The UNHCR, along with its mandate, sends a message to countries around the world to protect refugees. Indonesia, which has not ratified the 1951 Convention, uses Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 to give UNHCR the authority to deal with refugees.The purpose of this research is to find out the compatibility between mandates and practices in dealing with refugees in Indonesia from 2016 to 2022, as well as the conditions of foreign refugees in Indonesia. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, where the data obtained is triangulated to provide interpretation. Thus, the data used are primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data obtained from journals, news and other supporting data. The findings of the study show that in the fulfilment of refugee rights. Fulfilment of the rights in question, such as education, health and other direct assistance. The activities carried out include cooperation with the Indonesian government, NGOs, local NGOs, etc. UNHCR has conducted field visits and held joint meetings. UNHCR in Indonesia has the authority to determine refugee status and is responsible for durable solutions such as repatriation, local integration and resettlement.   Forced migration yang terjadi akibat adanya konflik bersenjata, bencana alam, dan penindasan sosial maupun politik mendorong seseorang untuk meninggalkan negara asal. Akibatnya, orang-orang tersebut tersebar di segala penjuru dunia untuk mencari suaka dengan harapan mendapatkan kehidupan yang lebih baik, tidak terkecuali Indonesia. UNHCR bersama dengan mandat UNHCR membawa pesan untuk negara di dunia agar memberikan perlindungan kepada pengungsi. Indonesia yang belum meratifikasi Konvensi 1951 menggunakan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 125 Tahun 2016 sehingga kewenangan dalam menangani pengungsi berada pada UNHCR. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara mandat dan praktik dalam penanganan pengungsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2016 hingga 2022. Serta, kondisi dari pengungsi luar negeri di Indonesia. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dimana data yang didapatkan akan dilakukan triangulasi yang menghasilkan interpretasi. Dengan demikian, data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang didapatkan melalui wawancara dan data sekunder yang mengambil dari jurnal, berita, dan data pendukung lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UNHCR memiliki peran dalam pemenuhan hak-hak pengungsi. Pemenuhan hak yang dimaksud seperti pendidikan, kesehatan, dan bantuan langsung lainnya. Adapun kegiatan yang dilaksanakan seperti menjalin kerjasama dengan pemerintah Indonesia, NGOs, LSM lokal, dan lain sebagainya. UNHCR melakukan kunjungan lapangan dan mengadakan pertemuan bersama. UNHCR di Indonesia memiliki kewenangan dalam menentukan status pengungsi serta bertanggung jawab dalam durable solutions, seperti repatriasi, integrasi lokal, dan resettlement.
Penanganan Perdagangan Narkoba di Indonesia oleh UNODC Tahun 2017-2020 Rolando, Eric; Hapsari, Renitha Dwi
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v4i01.30749

Abstract

The high population in Indonesia makes it a potential market for transnational criminal groups to use Indonesia as a transit and distribution hub for drug trafficking. Given the current issues, UNODC, as an international organization specializing in addressing transnational crimes, assists Indonesia in dealing with the issue of drug trafficking. This research aims to understand the role of UNODC in tackling the problem of drug trafficking in Indonesia. The study employed a descriptive research design, and research data is obtained through library research by searching for data sources through available literature. This research is based on the theory of international organization roles according to Kelly Kate Pease, which explains that international organizations have several roles, including being problem solvers and capacity builders. The research findings show that UNODC plays a role in addressing the issue of drug trafficking in Indonesia through its role as a problem solver by formulating the Indonesia country program and alternative development programs. Meanwhile, through its role as a capacity builder, UNODC enhances the capacity of government officials, staff, and the community by treatnet family programme.     Jumlah penduduk yang tinggi di Indonesia menjadikannya pasar potensial bagi kelompok kejahatan lintas negara untuk menggunakan Indonesia sebagai pusat transit dan distribusi perdagangan narkoba. Mengingat masalah saat ini, UNODC, sebagai organisasi internasional yang mengkhususkan diri dalam mengatasi kejahatan lintas negara, membantu Indonesia dalam menghadapi masalah perdagangan narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami peran UNODC dalam mengatasi masalah perdagangan narkoba di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif, dan data penelitian diperoleh melalui penelitian perpustakaan dengan mencari sumber data melalui literatur yang tersedia. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada teori peran organisasi internasional menurut Kelly Kate Pease, yang menjelaskan bahwa organisasi internasional memiliki beberapa peran, termasuk sebagai penyelesaian masalah (problem solver) dan pembangun kapasitas (capacity builder). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UNODC berperan dalam mengatasi masalah perdagangan narkoba di Indonesia melalui peran sebagai penyelesaian masalah dengan merumuskan program negara Indonesia dan program pengembangan alternatif. Sementara itu, melalui perannya sebagai pembangun kapasitas, UNODC meningkatkan kapasitas pejabat pemerintah, staf, dan masyarakat melalui program keluarga treatnet.
Kekuatan Normatif Diplomasi Lingkungan Uni Eropa Dalam Conference of the Parties (COP) 26 Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua; Manurung, Steven Montesquieu; Hutauruk, Muhammad David Ferdian; Wijaya, Muhammad Farid Gibran; Augustin, Aliffa
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v4i01.31938

Abstract

In 1992, the United Nations convened the world's largest and most important climate- related conference, the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During the event, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted. Through the UNFCCC, countries agree to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to prevent harmful interference from human activities in the climate system. The treaty now has 197 signatures. Since 1994, the United Nations has brought together almost every country in the world to attend the World Climate Summit (Conference of the Parties (COP)) which is usually held every year. This scientific article raises the commitment of the European Union (EU) in implementing COP 26 through environmental diplomacy analysis. This scientific article aims to identify and analyze the European Union's commitment to cooperation in COP 26 in dealing with all environmental problems. Scientific articles use qualitative research methods based on literature studies. The result of this scientific article is that the European Union conducts environmental diplomacy through COP 26 by carrying out the discussions in COP 26. The conclusion of this scientific article is that COP 26 has several objectives that must be carried out by the countries involved, including the EU.     Pada tahun 1992, PBB menyelenggarakan konferensi terkait iklim terbesar dan terpenting di dunia ialah KTT Bumi di Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Selama acara tersebut, Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)) diadopsi. Melalui UNFCCC, negara-negara sepakat untuk menstabilkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer untuk mencegah gangguan berbahaya dari aktivitas manusia di dalam sistem iklim. Perjanjian itu sekarang memiliki 197 tanda tangan. Sejak tahun 1994, PBB mempertemukan hampir setiap negara di dunia untuk menghadiri KTT Iklim Dunia (Conference of the Parties (COP)) yang biasa dilakukan di setiap tahunnya. Artikel ilmiah ini mengangkat komitmen Uni Eropa (UE) dalam melaksanakan COP 26 melalui analisis diplomasi lingkungan. Artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis komitmen kerjasama Uni Eropa di dalam COP 26 di dalam penanganan perubahan iklim. Artikel ilmiah memakai metode penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan studi literatur. Hasil dari artikel ilmiah ini ialah Uni Eropa mengadakan diplomasi lingkungan melalui COP 26 dengan menjalankan bahasan-bahasan di dalam COP 26. Kesimpulan dari artikel ilmiah ini ialah COP 26 memiliki beberapa tujuan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh negara-negara yang terlibat, termasuk UE.
An Overview of Democratic Consolidation and Regression in Africa Muhammad, Abdulrasheed; Fanny-Kinge, Ruth
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v4i01.32505

Abstract

Democratic rule in Africa has been characterized by uneasiness resulting from autocratic tendencies in some of the countries. From the 1990s and due to a host of factors, African countries began to experience new lease of democratization with high hopes which soon turned out to be an illusion arising from series of developments within and outside the continent. Against this background, this paper examines dimensions of democratic rule in Africa noting its tendencies towards consolidation and regression as it manifests in different countries as well as factors that are responsible for the observed trend. Data for the study is obtained from secondary sources through examination of copious literature on the subject and examining occurrences in different parts of the continent. It is concluded that the region experienced overall, though uneven and not substantial progress towards democratization. While some have experienced tendency towards backsliding, some others have experienced considerable growth in some of the indexes that promote democratic consolidation. On the aggregate however, the continent cannot be said to be making substantial progress towards consolidation.  This may be due to a host of factors that include peculiar political environment of each country. It thus recommended that African leaders need to introduce reforms that would cut across the different facets of the continent and that will take into account the specific character of each African country rather than the adoption of a policy based on its success in a different socio-political environment.
Regional Integration and Food Security in West Africa: Challenges, Opportunities and Sustainable Solutions Muhammad, Abdulrasheed; Babatunde, Ahmed Yusuf
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v4i2.32758

Abstract

Regional integration and food security are pivotal aspects of sustainable development, especially in the context of West Africa. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) represents one of the regional arrangements on political cooperation and economic integration in Africa. While regional integration holds the promise of bolstering food security through collective efforts, its success in fostering food security has encountered a myriad of challenges in West Africa. This study analyzed the problems and potential opportunities of regional integration in West Africa. From the analysis, it became evident that the ECOWAS faces unique challenges and opportunities as it strives to achieve a balance between economic collaboration and ensuring an adequate stable food supply for its growing population. Some of the problems of regional integration in West Africa include trade barriers, lack of unified agricultural policy, border issues and environmental problems. Notwithstanding these problems, collaboration within the ECOWAS framework presents avenues for member countries to unlock economic potential, foster stability, and collectively address food security challenges. It is therefore recommended that the ECOWAS needs to adopt a common agricultural policy, implement water management strategies, develop various market information systems and embark on different capacity building programmes in order to ensure food security among ECOWAS countries.  

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