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PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS (COMORBID)
Published by Transpublika Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28099745     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55047/comorbid
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing
About the Journal PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS (COMORBID) is an international, modern, general medical publication that publishes research on all aspects of medicine, from fundamental research to significant clinical trials and cost-effectiveness analyses. We generally publish human research that contribute to our understanding of medical epidemiology, etiology, and physiology; the development of prognostic and diagnostic technologies; clinical trials that evaluate the efficacy of particular therapies and comparative trials; and systematic reviews. We want to encourage the conversion of fundamental research into clinical trials and clinical evidence into therapeutic practice. When studies in animal models produce remarkable research findings that are extremely clinically relevant, we publish them on occasion. The international medical community, as well as educators, policymakers, patient advocacy groups, and other interested parties, are among our target audiences. The online edition of COMORBID is updated on a regular basis. Medical Informatics, Basic Science, Clinical Science, Case Report, Brief Communication, Public Health, Public Policy, and Review Articles from all branches of medicine and associated subjects are published in PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS (COMORBID)
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 89 Documents
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Effect of Diazepam on Thyroid Function Hormone and Associated Histological Markers Michelle, Ogidiagba Stephanie; Gamde, Solomon Matthias; William, Bitty; Kabir, Hauwa
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): JANUARY
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i1.1628

Abstract

Diazepam is widely used to manage anxiety and depression, but its effect on thyroid function remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the potential effects of diazepam on thyroid function hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), lipid profile, glucose, cortisol levels and thyroid gland histology in animal models. Twenty-four pre-pubertal rats (average weight 160g ± 20g) were divided into four groups, receiving diazepam at 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, or 60 mg/kg daily for seven days, while a control group received standard feed and water ad libitum. General health, including body weight, food and water intake, and behaviour, was monitored. Animals was euthanized, the thyroid glands were analysed histologically, and serum levels of T3, T4, TSH, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, glucose, and cortisol were measured. No statistical significant differences were found across groups (p > 0.05), though trends suggested dose-dependent effects. TSH levels were slightly elevated in the intermediate (at 30 mg/kg) and high-dose groups (at 60 mg/kg), with a minor T4 increase at 30 mg/kg. Triglycerides showed high variability, significantly increasing in the low-dose group (at 15 mg/kg). Histological analysis showed no major thyroid abnormalities. While diazepam does not significantly disrupt thyroid function or metabolism, subtle dose-related effects warrant further clinical investigation.
Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Doctors' Medical Services: (Study of the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 82/PUU-XIII/2015 Which Revokes Article 11 (Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2) That Medical Personnel Are Not Health Workers) Batmanlusi, Karel
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i2.1653

Abstract

The study conducted is a legal scrutiny concerning the provision of medical services by physicians, in accordance with the 2015 Constitutional Court ruling which invalidated the notion that medical staff are not considered healthcare professionals. The research methodology employed is normative law analysis. Information gathering is done primarily through library research. The research process comprises three main phases - preparation, fieldwork, and data analysis. Findings from this investigation suggest that clearly delineating job responsibilities for healthcare professionals can lead to the delivery of effective and high-quality healthcare services to the public. Because all health workers have service specialties in accordance with their profession. This is what is referred to as (the right man on the right place) so that it no longer generates counterproductive work behavior by medical personnel. As a recommendation, the formation of a legislation needs to pay attention to the hierarchy of laws and regulations so as not to cause erroneous legal interpretations, especially defining it using clear legal language so that it is easily understood and carried out by all citizens.
GENE EXPRESSIONS IN THE INCIDENCE OF NON-SYNDROMIC CLEFT LIP AND PALATE Al Hafiz, Al Hafiz; Supriyadi, Fauzia Latifah; Raymond, Benni
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): JULY
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v3i3.1656

Abstract

The cleft lip and aisle (CL/P) are a craniofacial malformation caused by genetic mutations, environmental factors, or an interaction between the two. The development of the lip and auricle involves morphogenesis, molecular signaling pathways, mesenchymal-epithelial interactions, and auricle fusion. CL/P events involve initiation, growth, morphogenesis, and auctioning fusion. The Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) identified genes and loci associated with non-syndromic CL/P into 43 types significantly associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near the gene. This systematic review aims to explore the genetic underpinnings of CL/P by analyzing findings from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and identifying key genes and molecular pathways involved in palatogenesis. The most significant genes and loci in non-syndromic CL/P were Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), MAF bZIP transcription factor B (MAFB), Paired Box 7 (PAX7), Forkhead Box E1 (FOXE1), Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1), T-box transcription factor 22 (TBX22), and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Genetic factors play an essential role in the pathogenesis of non-syndromic CL/P, including disruption of signaling pathways. IRF6, MAFB, PAX7, FOXE1, MSX1, TBX22, and MTHFR are genes that play a role in palatogenesis. Mutations in these genes have an impact on orofacial development.
Innovation in Urology Telerobotic Surgery in Improving Treatment Effectiveness and Safety through a Systematic Journal Review Franiko, Rendy; Suhendra, Edward Julio; Thevany, Thevany
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): JANUARY
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i1.1658

Abstract

Telerobotic surgery, a specialized field of telesurgery utilizing robotic instruments for remote procedures, has revolutionized surgical precision, reduced invasiveness, and minimized complications. The integration of 5G technology further enhances real-time communication, enabling seamless remote operations. This advancement is particularly beneficial in addressing healthcare disparities, allowing expert surgical interventions in remote and underserved regions. Urological procedures, including those for bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers, have notably benefited from these innovations. However, significant challenges remain, including high costs, complex training requirements, and cybersecurity concerns, which hinder widespread adoption. This study aims to systematically review innovations in urological telerobotic surgery, highlighting its key benefits in improving treatment efficacy and patient safety. A systematic journal review was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach with thematic synthesis to assess recent innovations and their impact on patient outcomes. Findings indicate that cutting-edge robotic systems such as the da Vinci Single Port (SP) and Senhance improve precision while reducing patient trauma. Artificial intelligence (AI) supports postoperative planning, while 5G technology facilitates real-time remote surgeries. Studies suggest that robotic-assisted procedures yield shorter operation times, reduced complications, and quicker recovery compared to traditional laparoscopy. Despite its benefits, the high costs, infrastructure demands, and extensive training requirements present barriers to widespread implementation. Addressing these challenges requires collaboration between healthcare providers and the technology sector to enhance accessibility and affordability. As advancements continue, telerobotic surgery holds the potential to redefine surgical care, improving patient outcomes and expanding healthcare access globally.
SHAPING A CULTURE OF CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIVING BEHAVIOR AT SMP NEGRI 4 LHOK SUKON THROUGH EDUCATION AND PROMOTION PROGRAMS Lensoni, Lensoni; Sakinah, Juliana
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 3 No. 4 (2024): OCTOBER
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v3i4.1680

Abstract

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) is a critical component in enhancing public health, particularly within school environments. This study investigates the development of a CHLB culture at SMP Negeri 4 Lhok Sukon through structured education and promotion initiatives. Employing a quantitative descriptive survey approach, data were collected via questionnaires, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal significant improvements in students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CHLB following the implementation of educational and promotional programs. Key factors contributing to the program's success included the active participation of teachers, parents, and school administrators, fostering a supportive environment for behavioral change. The study underscores the effectiveness of direct counseling and interactive education over traditional promotional media in cultivating sustainable healthy living habits. Recommendations include enhancing sanitation facilities, integrating CHLB into the curriculum, and organizing regular health workshops to further reinforce these behaviors.
Comparing Robot-Assisted, Minimally Invasive, Transcervical, and Transhiatal Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Causal Deep Learning Meta-Analysis with Neural Architecture Rafi, Muhammad Allam
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i2.1683

Abstract

This meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of four esophagectomy procedures—Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (RAMIE), Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (MIE), Transcervical Esophagectomy (TCE), and Transhiatal Esophagectomy (THE)—for treating esophageal cancer, utilizing causal deep learning techniques to assess key clinical outcomes. Data from 70,102 patients were analyzed, focusing on operative time, postoperative complications, mortality, hospital stay, and lymph node retrieval. Unlike traditional statistical methods, deep learning models capture non-linear relationships and adjust for multiple confounders, providing more accurate and reliable predictions. The results show RAMIE to be the most effective procedure, with an average operative time of 350 minutes, reduced blood loss (250 mL), and fewer complications (24%). MIE follows closely with 300 minutes of operative time, 200 mL of blood loss, and a 30% complication rate. TCE and THE have higher complication rates (up to 40% and 42%, respectively), alongside longer recovery times. THE, although less effective in clinical outcomes, proved to be more cost-efficient. SUCRA rankings confirmed RAMIE’s superiority (88%), compared to MIE (83%), TCE (76%), and THE (66%). Additionally, decision tree analysis with 95.63% accuracy and 96.17% cross-validation performance supported RAMIE as the optimal choice, highlighting its precision, fewer complications, and faster recovery, despite higher costs. This study underscores the significance of deep learning, enhancing surgical decision-making and optimizing patient outcomes, with machine learning offering a more robust and nuanced approach compared to traditional methods.
DE-ESCALATING INTENSITY AND PRESERVING OUTCOMES: A BAYESIAN-ML NETWORK META-ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES IN HPV-POSITIVE OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER Rafi, Muhammad Allam
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): JULY
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v3i3.1699

Abstract

The study presents the first integrative Bayesian-machine learning (ML) network meta-analysis, enhanced by machine learning algorithms, to evaluate and rank de-escalation treatment strategies for HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). A total of 2,298 patients from 10 multicenter studies and randomized controlled trials were included, comprising randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and phase II investigations. Twelve distinct treatment strategies were analyzed, including TORS with de-escalated adjuvant RT, reduced-dose chemoradiotherapy, adaptive radiotherapy, and immunotherapy-based regimens. The SUCRA (Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking) scores indicated TORS + de-escalated RT as the top-ranked strategy (SUCRA = 0.91), followed by reduced-dose CRT (0.88) and adaptive RT (0.84). SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis from a Random Forest classifier confirmed that toxicity reduction (impact = 0.34) and quality of life (QOL) improvement (0.28) were the most critical factors driving high SUCRA rankings, with overall survival (OS) rates consistently above 90% in the top three strategies. Funnel plots suggested low publication bias, while cluster heatmaps demonstrated clear stratification of treatment profiles. The t-SNE visualization validated strong feature convergence among top-performing modalities. This analysis highlights the potential of machine learning-guided evidence synthesis to enhance clinical decision-making in personalized OPSCC therapy by balancing oncologic efficacy with functional outcomes.
Evaluation of Health Screening for Hajj Pilgrims at Hajj Dormitory in Preventing the Spread of Infectious Diseases Widowati, Ade Triana; Astari, Lina Fitria; Milliana, Alvi
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i2.1716

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pneumonia caused by a new type of coronavirus, named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The risk of spreading infectious diseases during Hajj is very high, given the mass migration of pilgrims from different countries. In the process of receiving pilgrims at the Sukolilo Hajj Dormitory in Surabaya, efforts to screen for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases are carried out by monitoring temperature using a thermal scanner. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of health screening of pilgrims at the Sukolilo Surabaya Hajj Dormitory in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, especially COVID-19. In addition, this study identifies factors that influence pilgrims' compliance with screening procedures as well as policy implications in improving health surveillance in the future. This study used a descriptive method with an observational approach to assess the health screening process of pilgrims arriving at the Sukolilo Hajj Dormitory in Surabaya in 2024. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling technique, involving pilgrims who had a body temperature ≥37.5°C or experienced respiratory symptoms. The results showed that most pilgrims who underwent body temperature screening and follow-up examinations complied with the established procedures. However, several factors were found to influence compliance, such as the level of understanding of the importance of screening, fear of the swab procedure, and post-travel fatigue factors. In this case, education provided by health workers is proven to increase pilgrims' compliance with the screening.
Differences in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Levels in Packed Red Cells (PRC) with Various Storage Times Ersanto, Novi; Harmoko, Deni; Lukiyono, Yauwan Tobing
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i2.1756

Abstract

This research seeks to analyze the storage duration effect on PRC (Packed Red Cell) quality by assessing changes in LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) levels on storage days 1, 10, 20, and 30. This research is an observational analytical study with a time series design. The research was conducted at the Blood Transfusion Installation of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya as the sampling site and the Clinical Laboratory of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Maarif Hasyim Latif University, Sidoarjo as the place for measuring research variables. The research sample consisted of fifty PRC bags from voluntary donors. LDH levels were examined with a Semi-Automatic Chemistry Analyzer Sinnowa BS-3000P Photometer (Sinnowa Medical Science & Technology Co., Ltd., China) and measured on days 1, 10, 20, and 30. The research data were analyzed using SPSS 25 statistical software. Data normality was analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Comparison of PRC quality was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA analysis (same object analysis) if the data were normally distributed, or the Freedman test if the data distribution was not normal. The findings revealed that there was an increase in mean LDH levels with increasing PRC storage duration over 30 days. Repeated Measure ANOVA test and the Post Hoc Bonferroni test for LDH levels showed that there were statistically significant differences with a significance value of p < 0.001 at all observation times. In conclusion, there are significant differences in LDH levels during Packed Red Cell (PRC) storage from day 1, day 10, day 20, and day 30.
Implementation of the Family Planning Program at a Public Health Centre in a Rural Area Annisa, Frety Salma; Salianto, Salianto; Hasibuan, Rapotan
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): JULY
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i3.1819

Abstract

Short-term contraceptive methods are predominantly used by 79.2% of participants, while long-term methods account for only 1.0%, far below the RPJMN target of 28.39%. This study aims to assess the implementation of the family planning program at Health Center Rantau Panjang Kiri, focusing on contraceptive preferences and influencing factors. This study employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants included the head of the health center, the person in charge of family planning services, family planning counseling, and reporting, as well as family planning participants and non-participant couples of reproductive ages. Analysis involved data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the implementation of the family planning program at the Rantau Panjang Kiri Health Center went well. However, communication remains a challenge, as some residents lack understanding and counseling is not consistently provided across all villages. Resources including human resources, facilities, and funding are considered adequate. Implementers show positive attitudes, and the bureaucratic structure follows standard operating procedures. In conclusion, the family planning program has been implemented effectively. In terms of communication, some community members still lack a clear understanding of the program. Regarding resources, the program benefits from trained personnel, adequate facilities, and sufficient financial support. The disposition of the implementing staff is generally positive, as indicated by the minimal number of public complaints. From the bureaucratic perspective, the program is carried out in line with established Standard Operating procedures and fragmentation.

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