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PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS (COMORBID)
Published by Transpublika Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28099745     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55047/comorbid
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing
About the Journal PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS (COMORBID) is an international, modern, general medical publication that publishes research on all aspects of medicine, from fundamental research to significant clinical trials and cost-effectiveness analyses. We generally publish human research that contribute to our understanding of medical epidemiology, etiology, and physiology; the development of prognostic and diagnostic technologies; clinical trials that evaluate the efficacy of particular therapies and comparative trials; and systematic reviews. We want to encourage the conversion of fundamental research into clinical trials and clinical evidence into therapeutic practice. When studies in animal models produce remarkable research findings that are extremely clinically relevant, we publish them on occasion. The international medical community, as well as educators, policymakers, patient advocacy groups, and other interested parties, are among our target audiences. The online edition of COMORBID is updated on a regular basis. Medical Informatics, Basic Science, Clinical Science, Case Report, Brief Communication, Public Health, Public Policy, and Review Articles from all branches of medicine and associated subjects are published in PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS (COMORBID)
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 89 Documents
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Factors Affecting Community Participation in the Use of Health Services in Primary Care Oktapianti, Wanda Aulia; Tanjung, Nadya Ulfa; Hasibuan, Rapotan
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): JULY
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i3.1823

Abstract

The main problem in this study is the low participation of the community in utilizing health services at the Bandar Baru Health Center, Deli Serdang Regency, even though facilities and programs are available. Barriers such as difficult access to transportation, low ownership of health insurance, and inappropriate perceptions of the disease are the main inhibiting factors. The purpose of this research is to examine the various factors that impact the involvement of the community in utilizing health services at the health center. Utilizing a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional framework, the study gathered a sample of 96 participants using accidental sampling methods. The collected data underwent analysis through the chi-square test to determine the association between independent and dependent variables. The findings indicated a notable correlation between accessibility (p=0.001), ownership of health insurance (p=0.031), and perception of diseases (p=0.014) with the utilization of health services. Conversely, factors such as age, gender, education, occupation, and the presence of health professionals did not display a significant relationship (p>0.05). The implications of this study indicate the importance of community-based interventions to improve physical and financial access to health services and public health education. These interventions need to involve cross-sectors and consider local cultural factors so that the use of health services becomes more equitable and sustainable.
Community Diagnosis Report on Reducing New Cases of Toddler Malnutrition Through Primary Health Care Interventions Fauzy, Sely Nur; Rebecca, Rebecca; Negara, Tahta Rajesa Bihi Jaya Putra; Ayuningtami, Diajeng; Ernawati, Ernawati
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): JULY
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i3.1850

Abstract

This study aims to reduce the number of new cases of malnutrition in the working area of Kresek Primary Health Center by identifying priority locations, analyzing main causes, formulating short-term solutions, and evaluating the results of interventions that have been implemented. A mini survey was conducted for data collection, followed by community problem analysis using the ‘Blum’ paradigm, then problem priorities were determined using the Delphi method. The root causes of problems were identified using a fishbone diagram. Based on the Blum paradigm, lifestyle was identified as the main problem. Interventions were carried out in the form of pre-test, post-test, and counseling on nutrition as well as training on food creation and balanced nutrition menu planning. Pre-test results showed <70 scores for 24 (80%) participants. Post-test results ≥70 were obtained by 30 (100%) participants. The activity results were declared successful because >80% of participants obtained scores ≥70. The results obtained from food creation training and balanced nutrition menu planning for toddlers showed that all participants were able to practice properly and correctly. The cause of increased new cases of malnutrition in the working area of Kresek Primary Health Center is lifestyle factors. Counseling is expected to increase knowledge of malnutrition and balanced nutrition in toddlers so that malnutrition cases can be resolved and prevented.
Identification of Active Compounds from Sambung Nyawa Leaves (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr) as Potential Natural Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agents Saristiana, Yuneka; Salmasfattah, Novyananda; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Savitri, Lisa; Kadir, Mujtahid Bin Abd
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): JULY
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i3.1865

Abstract

Diseases caused by oxidative stress and inflammation are global health problems that encourage the search for alternative treatments from natural materials. Grapevine leaves (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.) have long been empirically used, but scientific validation of their potential is still limited. The objective of this research is to identify and describe the active substances in sambung nyawa leaves and assess their effectiveness as natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. The study involves conducting laboratory experiments, starting with the extraction of sambung nyawa leaves using 96% ethanol solvent through a maceration process. The extract obtained is then analysed for its phytochemical composition. The antioxidant activity is evaluated using the DPPH method to determine the IC₅₀ value. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory properties are tested in male Wistar rats following the induction of rat hind paw edema with 1% carrageenan, using extract doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kgBW. The findings indicate a 13.4% yield from the extraction process. The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and steroids/triterpenoids. The antioxidant test results show a moderate level of activity with an IC₅₀ value of 89.26 µg/mL. In the anti-inflammatory test, the 150 mg/kgBW dose demonstrates the highest efficacy with a 52.00% reduction in edema, comparable to the positive control triamcinolone (55.00%). In summary, the ethanol extract of sambung nyawa leaves exhibits promising potential as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, indicating its suitability for further development as a botanical pharmaceutical ingredient.
Evaluation of Rational Antibiotic Use (RAU) in Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Patients in the ICU Using the Gyssens Criteria Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka; Savitri, Lisa; Salmasfattah, Novyananda; Ilmi, Tsamrotul; Herman, Herman
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): JULY
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i3.1818

Abstract

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, often requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Patients with CVA are at high risk for secondary infections, which commonly lead to the use of antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and rationality of antibiotic use in CVA patients treated in the ICU of a regional hospital using the Gyssens method. A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 30 CVA patients who received antibiotics during their ICU stay. Data collected included patient demographics, comorbidities, types of antibiotics used, route of administration, combination patterns, and evaluation of prescription rationality based on the Gyssens criteria. The most frequently used antibiotic class was third-generation cephalosporins (60%), with ceftriaxone being the most prescribed (46.7%). All antibiotics were administered intravenously. Combination therapy was used in 20% of cases. Based on Gyssens categorization, only 33.3% of prescriptions were considered rational (category 0). The remaining 66.7% were irrational, including delayed initiation or discontinuation (13.3%), incorrect dosing (16.7%), unnecessarily broad-spectrum (10%), and no indication (6.7%). The study highlights a substantial proportion of irrational antibiotic use in ICU CVA patients, mainly due to suboptimal timing, dosing errors, and unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics. These findings underline the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and routine rationality assessments to ensure optimal antibiotic use and patient outcomes.
Characteristics of Parathyroid Ultrasound in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Rosyidi, Muhammad Yunus; Ferriastuti, Widiana; Widodo, Widodo
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): OCTOBER
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i4.1851

Abstract

Research on parathyroid ultrasound in kidney failure patients is highly relevant for understanding the relationship between parathyroid hormone levels and clinical conditions, optimizing therapeutic management for CKD patients. This study employs a quantitative observational descriptive design with cross-sectional approach to provide comprehensive overview of parathyroid ultrasound characteristics in CKD patients. Data were obtained from secondary medical records and parathyroid ultrasound examinations of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. This research shows that majority of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis at Dr. Soetomo Regional Hospital in Surabaya have elevated serum iPTH and phosphate levels, while calcium levels are generally normal, though some patients experience hypocalcemia. Demographically, majority of patients are women (58%), aged 41–60 years, undergoing hemodialysis for 1–10 years. Parathyroid gland examination through ultrasound shows most patients have hypoechoic echogenicity, oval shape, well-defined borders, solid architecture, and size of 0.51–1 cm. More than half show no detectable vascularization, while some show perilesional blood flow patterns, serving as important indicators for detecting parathyroid hyperplasia. There is correlation between serum iPTH levels and morphological characteristics of parathyroid glands, including echogenicity, shape, size, and vascularization. At iPTH levels <500 pg/dL, parathyroid appears isoechoic to hypoechoic, oval, solid, measuring approximately 0.51–1 cm, with minimal vascularization. At 500–1000 pg/dL, perilesional vascularization begins appearing. When iPTH levels >1000 pg/dL, parathyroid enlarges (>1 cm), becomes hypoechoic in texture, and vascularization increases significantly, indicating more prominent morphological and vascular changes associated with increasing iPTH levels.
Analysis of Outpatient Satisfaction Levels with Pharmaceutical Services Using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) Method Negara, Sri Bintang Sahara Mahaputra Kusuma; Andriani, Medi; Muchtar, Melayusma
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): OCTOBER
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i4.1862

Abstract

One of the objectives of pharmaceutical standards is to improve the quality of pharmaceutical services in community health centers and provide satisfactory services to patients. The objective of this study was to determine the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at the pharmacy department of the Paal Lima community health center in Jambi City using the CSI method. This was a quantitative study with a descriptive, prospective design, involving the administration of questionnaires to patients who collected medication from the pharmacy department of the Paal Lima community health center. The results of the study showed patient satisfaction based on respondent characteristics: the majority were female (75 respondents, 75%), the majority were aged 26–35 years (37 respondents, 37%), the majority had a high school education (55 respondents, 55%), and the majority were housewives (58 respondents, 58%). Based on reliability dimension 75.6%, based on responsiveness dimension 72.8%, based on assurance dimension 73.8%, based on empathy dimension 82.6%, based on tangibility dimension 69.8%, with an average CSI score of 74.92%. The analysis reveals that patient satisfaction levels with pharmaceutical services at the Paal Lima Public Health Center Pharmacy in Jambi City, using the CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index) method, yielded a score of 74.92%, indicating that overall, patients are satisfied with the services provided.
The Relationship Between Family Support and Quality of Life in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Maidayani, Maidayani; Amelia, Rosi; Syukriadi, Syukriadi; Fazlylawati, Ellyza; Mansuriza, Mansuriza; Rizki, Muhammad
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): OCTOBER
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i4.1917

Abstract

Patients with type II diabetes mellitus tend to receive less support from their families, which affects their quality of life. Family support is important in the management of diabetes mellitus prevention to minimize the occurrence of complications. This research examines the connection between family support and quality of life among type II diabetes mellitus patients at Krueng Barona Jaya Community Health Center. The study employed a descriptive correlational design using a cross-sectional methodology. Data was gathered between May 20 and June 18, 2025. From a population of 118 type II diabetes patients, 53 participants were chosen through purposive sampling. The researchers used the Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale and Diabetes Quality of Life questionnaires for data collection. Statistical analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis (chi-square test) conducted with SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that informational support (p=0.000), emotional support (p=0.003), appreciative support (p=0.003), and instrumental support (p=0.003) influence the quality of life of patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. In conclusion, there is a relationship between informational, emotional, appreciative, and instrumental support and quality of life among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Family involvement in treatment is very important, especially in terms of emotional and instrumental support. The quality of life of patients with type II diabetes mellitus improves when accompanied by optimal family support. Patients who are always accompanied by their families are seen to regularly seek treatment by visiting health facilities and adhering to their diet.
Aphrodisiac Effect of Ethanol Extract of Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) Leaves on Testosterone Levels and Testicular Histology in Rats Saristiana, Yuneka; Salmasfattah, Novyananda; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Savitri, Lisa
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): OCTOBER
Publisher : Transpublika Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i4.1935

Abstract

The demand for aphrodisiac use is substantial, however, many marketed herbal products contain synthetic drugs, underscoring the urgent need for safer natural therapeutic alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the aphrodisiac potential of ethanol extract of Elephantopus scaber (Tapak Liman) leaves on serum testosterone levels and testicular histology in male Wistar rats. The extract was obtained through maceration with 70% ethanol and subjected to phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins/phenolics, and triterpenoids. Healthy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, negative control, positive control (sildenafil), and two treatment groups receiving 100 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW of the extract for 21 days. Serum testosterone levels were measured using ELISA, while histological examination focused on the diameter of seminiferous tubules. The results demonstrated that the 200 mg/kg BW dose significantly increased testosterone levels (209.41 ± 0.62 ng/dL) compared with the negative control (120.32 ± 1.55 ng/dL) and restored the diameter of seminiferous tubules (220.56 ± 4.98 µm) close to normal conditions (225.30 ± 5.12 µm). The 100 mg/kg BW dose produced a moderate effect, while the positive control also showed notable improvement. The observed increase in testosterone and recovery of seminiferous tubule diameter indicate that the extract enhances spermatogenic activity and testicular function. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of E. scaber leaves at 200 mg/kg BW demonstrated significant aphrodisiac activity through hormonal stimulation and improvement of testicular histology, suggesting its potential as a natural agent to support male reproductive health.
ST-Elevation Mimicking Myocardial Infarction in a Sepsis Condition: A Diagnostic Dilemma Alfiona, Lekenila; Herbert, Manurung Joel
PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): OCTOBER
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55047/comorbid.v4i4.1924

Abstract

Sepsis-induced myocardial injury can clinically mimic an ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), presenting a critical diagnostic dilemma. This descriptive qualitative case study aimed to elucidate this phenomenon and highlight appropriate clinical management. The research focused on a single, purposively selected patient: a 31- year-old male with sepsis from a scrotal abscess who presented with chest pain, ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram (ECG), and significantly elevated cardiac troponins. Data from the patient's medical records, including serial ECGs and coronary angiography results, were analyzed descriptively. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was correctly deferred due to the sepsis condition. Following surgical debridement of the abscess, the patient's ECG normalized, and subsequent angiography confirmed the absence of coronary stenosis. This case demonstrates that sepsis-induced global ischemia can masquerade as a myocardial infarction. The conclusion is that clinicians must consider non-coronary etiologies for ST-elevation in septic patients to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure that appropriate, life-saving infection management is not delayed.

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