Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi
Jurnal Al-Afaq merupakan jurnal yang dibentuk oleh Prodi Ilmu Falak Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Mataram. Jurnal ini membahas keilmuan Ilmu Falak terkait kajian arah kiblat, Hisab dan Rukyah awal Bulan Hijriah, Kalender Dunia dan Fenomena Gerhana. Selain itu, jurnal Al-Afaq juga membahas kaitan antara fenomena astronomi umum dengan kajian ilmu falak.
Articles
191 Documents
<![CDATA[An Analysis of the Ancient Babylonian Calendar System and Its Similarities with the Hijri Calendar ]]>
<![CDATA[putra, Nur Afdal Purnama]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Ihtirozun Ni’am]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.9867
<![CDATA[The Babylonian calendar became one of the most widely followed calendar systems in the history of world civilisation because the Babylonian science was more developed than other nations of its time. One of the calendar systems that adopted the Babylonian calendar system was the Sippar and Elephantine calendars, all of which were in the Middle East, because of these developments it is possible that some lunar-based calendars in the Middle East have similarities with the Babylonian calendar including the Hijri calendar because Muslims were originally a nation living in Arabia (Middle East), So in this research will be examine the similarities between the Babylonian calendar and the Hijri calendar in aspects of their calendar systems, such as the beginning of the day, the number of days and the beginning of the month. To find out this, the author uses a descriptive analytical literature research method. This research found five similarities between the two calendar systems, namely in terms of the object observed in the determination, the rule of the number of days, the method of determination, the determination of the government authority, and the same day cycle.]]>
<![CDATA[Accuracy Test of Qibla Direction of Qowiyuddin Mosque Jagir Wonokromo Surabaya ]]>
<![CDATA[Anaam, Khairul]]>;
<![CDATA[Isna Putri Sa’adah]]>;
<![CDATA[Asri Arum Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Naurah Kamilah]]>;
<![CDATA[Imroatul Mufidah]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Lailatul Qodriyahf]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.10912
<![CDATA[This study was conducted to examine the accuracy of the Qibla direction of Masjid Qowiyuddin in Jagir Wonokromo, which is a crucial aspect of performing prayers (shalat) for Muslims. The instruments used in this research included the Mizwala Qibla Finder, Right-Angled Triangle, and Theodolite, each serving to ensure the precise measurement of the Qibla direction. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the researcher collected primary data through interviews and direct field measurements, as well as secondary data from various literature references. The results showed a deviation in the Qibla direction by 23°49'12" to the north from the mosque’s current orientation, indicating the need for an immediate correction to ensure accurate alignment for worship. The urgency of this accuracy test is high, as the correct Qibla direction is a requirement for the validity of prayers. Therefore, it is recommended that the mosque’s management adjust the Qibla direction based on these findings and regularly verify its accuracy to avoid errors that could affect the quality of worship for the congregation.]]>
<![CDATA[Hilal Observation using LRGB Filters ]]>
<![CDATA[Firdaus, Muhammad Dimas]]>;
<![CDATA[Putraga, Hariyadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ritonga, Marataon]]>;
<![CDATA[Rakhmadi, Arwin Juli]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.10928
<![CDATA[The technology used in hilal observation continues to develop. Most recently, using filters has become one of the options in hilal observation. Several filters can be used, ranging from low wavelengths like ultraviolet to high wavelengths like infrared. In some ideas, there needs to be a limit to the use of filters, the human eye's ability as a benchmark for the filter used. The human eye is sensitive to light with visual wavelengths, and one type of filter in this range is the LRGB filter. In this study, hilal observations were made on four filters and compared to find out which filter is better at increasing the contrast of hilal against the background. Using Michelson and Weber contrast as the definition of contrast to determine the comparison of the brightness value of the object with the background. From the observations made, it is found that the R filter will produce higher contrast values at low altitudes, followed by the L, G, and B filters. However, at higher altitudes, the contrast values of the L and R filters are similar, while the G and B filters remain low.]]>
<![CDATA[Qibla Direction of the Historical Mosque in Pekalongan City: Accuracy and Tolerance ]]>
<![CDATA['Alamul Yaqin]]>;
<![CDATA[Iqbal Kamalludin]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.11149
<![CDATA[The problem of the Qibla direction of the mosque is still one of the things that often occurs in society. In the modern era that has been equipped with sophisticated tools in determining the Qibla direction, there are still mosques and musala that are not facing the Qibla, moreover mosques that are hundreds of years old with traditional equipment. Pekalongan has three historical mosques: Aulia Sapuro Mosque, Jami' Mosque of Pekalongan City and Wakaf Mosque, which was the beginning of the spread of Islam in Pekalongan. This article aims to find out the history of the oldest mosque in Pekalongan and determine the accuracy and tolerance of its Qibla direction. This research is a qualitative research and data collection uses the field through interviews and observations. The data analysis technique uses comparative descriptive. The results of this article are as follows: The determination of the Qibla direction by 3 methods (Compass, Compass and magnetic declination, Local Ra?du Qiblah) shows the largest inclination in the Qibla direction of the Aulia Sapuro Mosque used the Local Ra?du Qiblah method and the smallest inclination in the Qibla direction of the Wakaf Mosque used the compass method. The inclination of the Qibla direction of the 3 mosques is still included in the category of Qibla direction tolerance, so it is valid to pray in the mosque.]]>
<![CDATA[Eid Mulud as a Determinant of Eid al-Fitr for the Community in Kidang Village, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) ]]>
<![CDATA[Rivaldi, Muhammad Haikal]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.11188
<![CDATA[This research is motivated by the practice of determining the Eid al-Fitr holiday of the community in Kidang Village which is different from the government. Their determination is based on the understanding of Kyai Ratna which is known as the Eid mulud method. The difference in methods in determining this holiday is a very important issue to discuss because it is related to the worship of Muslims. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find out how the method and the nature of Eid al-Fitr as a determinant of Eid al-Fitr in Kidang Village. This research is a field research with a qualitative approach. The data collection methods used are direct observation methods, unstructured interviews, and documentation, while the analysis methods used are qualitative descriptive analysis methods. Researchers found that the Eid mulud method is based on the hisab urfi of the rowot sasak calendar which has identical similarities with the hisab urfi of the Javanese Islamic calendar of the asapon system. This method is accurate in terms of urfi hisab because there is a determination of the age of the moon while in the contemporary hisab it is not accurate because there is a difference of 1 day caused by the absence of a day determination in the contemporary hisab. This method is not only inaccurate in terms of hisab, it is also inaccurate in terms of rukyah based on the results of ijtimak according to contemporary hisab.]]>
<![CDATA[The Accuracy of Approximate Solar Coordinates US Naval Observatory in Prayer Time Calculations ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurussaadah, Annisa]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Ihtirozun Niam]]>;
<![CDATA[Sudirman L]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.11204
<![CDATA[This study aims to test the accuracy of Approximate Solar Coordinates (ASC) data issued by the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) in calculating prayer times. The method used in this research is the comparative qualitative research method. The author compares the Sun declination and equation of time data obtained from the USNO ASC algorithm with Ephemeris Hisab Rukyat data for one year. From this research, it is found that the maximum difference between the Sun declination value from the ASC USNO algorithm compared to the Hisab Rukyat ephemeris is only 15 seconds of arc. While the maximum difference in the equation of time value is only around 2 seconds. The maximum difference in the calculation of prayer time between the two is only 2 seconds. Therefore, this ASC USNO data can be used as an alternative choice in calculating prayer times. Not only because the algorithm is quite concise, but the results obtained are also accurate for prayer times.]]>
<![CDATA[VALIDATION OF QIBLA DIRECTION OF RAUDHATUL JANNAH MOSQUE, PANCENG GRESIK ]]>
<![CDATA[Fanani, Ahmad Zuhal Fanani]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.11213
<![CDATA[Roudlotul Mosque Jannah is the only mosque in Wonorejo Hamlet, Dalegan Village, Panceng District, Gresik Regency, built in the 1970s. The mosque used to be a small prayer room which was later converted into a mosque for local residents. In the past, only a simple method was used to measure the direction of the Qibla, namely using a compass. Meanwhile, the science of determining the direction of the Qibla has now undergone many developments and given rise to methods that are considered more accurate. Therefore, the author is interested in researching the accuracy of the direction of the Qibla of the mosque using the Rashdul Kiblat global Qibla direction measurement method and the Qibla azimuth used with Mizwala Qibla Finder and Isamicastro application. After conducting research, it can be obtained that the direction of the Qibla is Roushotul Jannah deviated or was not quite right towards the actual direction of the qibla with a difference of 3° 37' 58.62” less to the south. Research into the direction of the qibla of mosques or prayer rooms is very important, considering that the qibla is Wrong One condition legitimate for a very prayer? important. So the research on the direction of the Qibla makes the congregation in the mosque or prayer room more solemn and does not doubt the direction of the Qibla.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of Iso and Shutter Speed Variations On the Quality of Dawn Light Astrophotography ]]>
<![CDATA[Andri, Sela Septi]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdul Ghofur]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuril Fathoni Hamas]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Zaidul Kirom]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.11253
<![CDATA[The setting of the exsposure is one of the important factors in producing high-quality dawn images. The ISO and shutter speed settings on Android phones have provided significant support for astrophotography, especially in dawn imagery. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in ISO values (800, 1600, and Auto) and shutter speed (8 seconds, 10 seconds, and Auto) on the quality of dawn images through comparison. This study is a comparative quantitative study that aims to measure the influence of independent variables, namely ISO values and shutter speed, on dependent variables, namely the quality of dawn imagery in astrophotography. Data analysis was carried out using AstroimageJ software to measure the effect of ISO value setting and shutter speed on dawn image quality. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the ISO and shutter speed value settings have a significant influence on the quality of dawn images. then ISO and shutter speed settings in Auto mode are more ideally used, because this mode can adjust to the existing lighting conditions.]]>
<![CDATA[Ibn al-Haitham dan Perkembangan Instrumen Optik: Landasan Ilmu Falak Modern ]]>
<![CDATA[Jannah, Elly Uzlifatul]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.11357
<![CDATA[Ibn al-Haitham, a Muslim scientist from the 10th to 11th century CE, is known as a pioneer in the fields of optics and astronomy. His contributions to the development of modern science often receive insufficient attention, despite their significant impact. This study aims to explore the extent to which Ibn al-Haitham's thoughts influenced the development of Islamic astronomy, particularly in the context of optical instruments, using a literature review method. The results of the research show that Ibn al-Haitham adopted an experimental and mathematical approach to astronomy, which differed from the traditional views of his time. He critiqued Ptolemy's theory and made significant contributions to understanding astronomical phenomena such as eclipses and starlight. One of his significant achievements was the development of a method for determining the direction of the qibla using trigonometry, as well as the combination of empirical observation with mathematical analysis, which became the basis for the modern scientific method in astronomy. Ibn al-Haitham's influence on the development of Islamic astronomy is particularly evident in the evolution of optical instruments. His concept of the camera obscura became the foundation for the evolution of telescopes, theodolites, and instruments for observing the new moon. The optical principles he discovered played a major role in improving the accuracy of astronomical measurements and the development of more advanced observational technologies. His understanding of the behavior of light and image formation became the basis for the development of modern astronomical instruments. Although his thinking had some limitations, such as dependence on Aristotelian cosmological concepts, Ibn al-Haitham's contributions remain a critical foundation for the advancement of Islamic astronomy and astronomy as a whole. His progressive thinking and systematic scientific approach have had a long-lasting influence on the development of science. His intellectual legacy not only demonstrates his individual genius but also affirms the important role of Muslim scientists in advancing global scientific knowledge.]]>
<![CDATA[Differentiation of Methods for Determining the Beginning of the Month of Muharram 1446 H in the Perspective of Islamic Law ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Abdul Aziz]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Izzuddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhyar Fanani]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Adib Rofiudin]]>
<![CDATA[ AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v6i2.11457
<![CDATA[The report of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia on the determination of the beginning of the month of Muharram 1446 H which falls on Sunday raises differences with perukyat and hisab from Nahdhatul Ulama' which makes disputes among Muslim communities. The purpose of this research, to complete a deficiency in existing studies by looking back at how the method of determining the beginning of the month of Muharram 1446 H has been implemented by the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia and Nahdhatul Ulama' has been realized or not, has opened a place of difference. This writing uses a normative legal method, which uses an Islamic Law approach. And this research uses primary data which includes in-depth interviews with academics from lecturers, students, and Muslim communities. The results obtained show that there are factors of differentiation in the method of determining the beginning of the month of Muharram 1446 H due to the existence of different provisions. The Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia sets the beginning of the month of Muharram 1446 H or on July 07, 2024 because the hilal is above the MABIMS criteria. And Nahdhotul Ulama' set the date of July 8, 2024 based on the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. It is Nahdhotul Ulama' to normalize the calculation of the moon to be even 30 days in determining the beginning of the month of Muharram 1446 H.]]>
