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Journal of Social Research
Published by CV. International Journal Labs
ISSN : 28279832     EISSN : 2828335x     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55324
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Science, Education, Social,
Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences
The Journal of Social Research is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to social and scientific fields. The journal is published monthly by International Journal Labs. The Journal of Social Research provides a means for sustained discussion of relevant issues that fall within the focus and scopes of the journal which can be examined empirically. The journal publishes research articles covering all aspects of social sciences, ranging from Management, Economics, Culture, Law, Public Health, and Education that belong to the social context.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,301 Documents
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Juridical Review of the Evidentiary Power as the Basis for Determining a Suspect Under Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code (Pretrial Decision Number: 33/Pid.Prap/2020/Pn Jkt Sel) Sulmainingsih, Sulmainingsih
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i1.2931

Abstract

The determination of suspects is a crucial stage in the investigation process because it has direct implications for a person's human rights. The Criminal Procedure Code expressly requires the existence of sufficient preliminary evidence, namely at least two valid pieces of evidence as stipulated in Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014 also emphasizes that the determination of suspects must meet these standards. This study aims to analyze the strength of evidence as the basis for determining suspects and examine the judge's considerations in Pretrial Decision Number 33/Pid.Prap/2020/PN. Jkt.Cell which stated that the determination of the suspect was invalid because the minimum requirements for evidence were not met. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the valid evidence in Article 184 of the Criminal Code has a fundamental function as a formal and material requirement in the determination of suspects. In the pretrial case, the judge considered that the evidence submitted by the investigators did not meet the adequacy standards, both in terms of quality and quantity, so it could not be used as a basis to designate someone as a suspect. This ruling emphasizes that investigators are obliged to act professionally, transparently, and carefully in the investigation process to prevent repressive actions and human rights violations. This research is expected to make a theoretical contribution to the development of criminal procedural law and become a practical reference for law enforcement officials in applying evidentiary standards in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code and the principles of the state of law.
A Normative Study on Human Rights Protection in Armed Conflicts in Papua During the Prabowo Era Fadhillah, Muhammad Rizky
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i1.2932

Abstract

This study examines the protection of human rights during the armed conflict in Papua during the Prabowo Subianto administration by examining the alignment between security policy and the state's constitutional obligations. The escalation of security operations at the beginning of the new administration has resulted in increasing impacts on civilians, such as displacement, disruption of basic services, and disruption of social stability. This situation raises questions about the extent to which security policy complies with constitutional principles and international humanitarian law, particularly the state's obligation to protect non-derogable rights. This study aims to analyze the normative basis for human rights protection, assess the implementation of security policy, and propose a constitutional alignment mechanism as a model for policy reform in Papua. The method used is normative juridical with a statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are analyzed qualitatively through systematic interpretation and synchronization of norms. The research findings reveal a significant gap between legal norms and operational implementation, particularly regarding civilian protection, proportionality in the use of force, and accountability for violations. This research offers a novel approach through the constitutional-humanitarian alignment model, a mechanism that integrates constitutional norms and humanitarian law into operational instructions, civilian protection protocols, and a multi-level oversight system. This mechanism is designed to ensure security policies are more aligned with national and international legal standards. The study concludes that constitutional alignment is a strategic step to strengthen state legitimacy, minimize the impact of the conflict on civilians, and increase the effectiveness of handling the armed conflict in Papua.
Optimum Design of the Electricity System on Nusa Penida Island With Utilization of Renewable Energy Supala, Sugma Wily; Nur, Tajuddin; Muslim, Joko
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i1.2933

Abstract

Nusa Penida is an island that located near the Bali. This island is part of Klungkung Regency, Bali, Indonesia, that located at southeast of Bali and separated by the Badung Strait. Nusa Penida is close to other small islands such as Nusa Ceningan and Nusa Lembongan. Nusa Penida is famous as a tourist spot such as Crystal Bay, Manta Point, Batu Meling, Batu Lumbung, Batu Abah, Toyapakeh and Malibu Point. Power plant in Nusa Penida currently consists of a diesel generator in the amount of 19,350 kW (Net Power Capacity) and battery energy storage in the amount of 3,300 kWh. Based on the results of the simulation of the growth of the electricity load using the time series model from the SPSS application, the predicted load will reach 22,806 kW in September 2028. It will potentially cause an electricity deficit, if it is not balanced with an increase in electricity production. The fossil fuels has limited availability and produces emissions. Indonesia has a target of renewable energy mix in the amount of 58-61 percent in 2050 and 70-72 percent in 2060. Therefore, this study provides a choice of power plant composition that can be utilized. The selected power plant are PV, wind turbines, diesel generators, batteries, and converters. From several power plant compositions, one of the best combinations is the PV/WT/BAT/CON. This combination has an NPC value of $152M and an LCOE of 0.152 $/kWh. This study can provide recommendations for companies and governments in meeting the electricity needs of a region and using renewable energy.
Secondary Post Partum Hemorrhage Associated with Cervical Cancer: A Case Report Halim, Hubert; Wardana, Gede Alit
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i1.2935

Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related death in women worldwide. It is the fourth most diagnosed malignancy, responsible for approximately 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths annually worldwide. Rarely does occur in post partum period. We presented a case of a 26 years old woman, Para 1 came with complaints of frequent vaginal bleeding. Her history included one previous caesarean sections without any serious complication. The caesarean section was performed on the patient 23 days before admission. Two weeks following the procedure, she began to experience vaginal bleeding. History of pap smear examinations was absent. There was no prior history of placenta abnormalities or vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. Along with the unrelenting vaginal bleeding, curettage and biopsy was perfomed 30 days after the c-section surgery. Cervical tissue were sent to Anatomical Pathology (PA) laboratory for examination after the surgery. The patient was discharge with a stable condition one day after surgery. One week later, the definitive diagnosis based on conclusion of histopathological findings was a cervical adenosquamous carcinoma. Several risk factors are linked to the increase in the prevalence of cervical cancer. These include initiating sexual activity under the age of 16 years, having multiple sexual partners and infrequent condom use, prolonged use (more than 5 years) of oral contraceptive pills, having a weakened immune system (including being HIV positive), low socioeconomic status, and smoking. In this case, the patient was 28 years old, which unusual for the cervical cancer develop in this age.
Community Empowerment Based on Ecotourism in Sukalaksana Village, Samarang District, Garut Regency, West Java Province Sansita, Nadya Kurnia
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i1.2937

Abstract

Community empowerment is an important approach in village development, especially in the context of ecotourism-based tourism village development. This study aims to analyze the process of community empowerment in Sukalaksana Village, Garut Regency, with an emphasis on changes in awareness, capacity building, and changes in community structure and social relations. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with the Village Head, the Chairman of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), the Head of the Garut Regency Tourism and Culture Office, the Head of the Treasury Division of BPKAD Garut Regency, community leaders, and residents who are directly involved in the management of the tourist village, and supported by participatory observation and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out thematically by linking field findings to the framework of Hogan's empowerment theory. The results of the study show that the community empowerment process in Sukalaksana Village is carried out by local actors who start from scratch so as to produce a change in the mindset of the community. This change in mindset encourages increased community participation in village decision-making and activities, as well as strengthening social and economic capacity through the use of local potential based on ecotourism. In addition, the formation and strengthening of the role of BUMDes contributes to social, economic and environmental changes, characterized by the involvement of various community groups, including women, in the management of village resources. This study concludes that ecotourism-based community empowerment is a sustainable process that not only impacts economic improvement, but also produces interrelated social and environmental changes. These findings affirm the importance of an empowerment approach based on local potential and community participation as a sustainable village development strategy.
Improving Community Financial Literacy through Financial Education Seminar and Assistance in Making Business Identification Numbers (NIB) in Mundu Mesigit Village Widya, Widya; Hanifah, Hanifah; Yulia , Devi; Ridwan, Mohammad
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i1.2939

Abstract

This community service program aims to increase financial literacy and encourage business legality through assistance in making Business Identification Numbers (NIB) for MSME actors in Mundu Mesigit Village. The low public understanding of financial management, the risk of online loans, and the lack of business legality are the basis for the need for integrated intervention. The activity was carried out through financial education seminars and technical assistance for NIB registration using the Online Single Submission (OSS) system. The method used is qualitative descriptive through observation, direct assistance, informal interviews, and published NIB documentation. The results of the activity showed that the seminar succeeded in improving participants' understanding of financial segregation, cash flow recording, and financial risk management. In addition, OSS assistance has proven to be effective, as evidenced by the issuance of 32 NIBs from 33 participants. This program not only overcomes financial and digital literacy barriers, but also strengthens the capacity of MSME actors to manage their businesses formally and sustainably. These findings confirm that the integrated intervention model is very relevant and can be replicated for the empowerment of MSMEs in other rural areas.
Post-Training Evaluation of Electrical Power Inspectors at PPSDM Kebtke Based on Kirkpatrick Model Level 1 and Level 2 Hadiyanto, Didik; Suwandana, Endan
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i1.2940

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a post-training program for electricity inspectors at PPSDM KEBTKE using the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model (level 1: reaction and level 2: learning) in the Technical Training on Power Plant Inspection for Junior Level. At level 1, participants gave positive feedback, with the training receiving an average score of 89.21, highlighting strengths in content, pre-test/post-test alignment, and participant services. However, scheduling and duration were identified as weaknesses. The Public Satisfaction Index (IKM) showed excellent results with a score of 3.60, particularly in staff behavior, competence, and product specifications. Participants’ reactions toward instructors were also excellent, scoring 90.25, with motivation, material quality, and methods as strengths, though variation in material delivery needs improvement. At level 2, learning outcomes significantly improved, with pre-test and post-test scores showing a t-count of 4.575, greater than the t-table value of 2.01537 at a significance level of 0.05 with 14 degrees of freedom. This result indicates that there is a significant difference in participants' learning outcomes before and after training. In conclusion, the training not only received positive participant feedback but also significantly enhanced their technical competencies. However, improvements in scheduling and instructional methods are recommended to further optimize the training quality.
Clinical Trial of Tuberculosis Vaccine in Indonesia: Balancing Public Health Needs and Legal Protection for Research Subjects Samosir, Tony Richard Alexander; Afriana, Anita; Fakhriah, Efa Laela
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i1.2941

Abstract

Clinical trials are an important instrument in the development of science and technology in the health field that aims to produce safe and effective medical interventions. The implementation of research involving human subjects cannot be carried out without clear guidelines, ethical standards, and legal frameworks. In the Indonesian context, various stages and procedures have been established to ensure that clinical trials, including the Tuberculosis (TB) vaccine clinical trials that have been carried out, run in accordance with legal principles and medical ethics. This study uses a normative juridical method by relying on secondary data through library research. The focus of the analysis is directed at laws and regulations, public policies, and official documents that regulate the management of vaccine clinical trials in Indonesia. The results of the study show that: First, the implementation of TB vaccine clinical trials in Indonesia must be based on the provisions of national health law by upholding the principles of utility, morality, religious values, moral norms and oriental norms, as well as compliance with all relevant laws and regulations. Second, public health interests can be the basis for restricting individual rights in the implementation of clinical trials, as long as there is strong scientific evidence regarding the potential for the rapid and dangerous spread of infectious diseases, so that the action is proportionate and has legal legitimacy.
A Scoping Review Comparing Oral Microbial Diversity of Fixed Versus Removable Orthodontic Appliances in Mouth-Breathing Children Naibaho, Marta Ulina; Primarti, Risti Saptarini
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i2.2942

Abstract

Mouth-breathing is a common condition among children undergoing orthodontic treatment, playing a significant role in altering the oral environment. Breathing through the mouth leads to changes in the humidity and temperature of the oral cavity, which can disrupt the balance of the oral microbiome. The study aims to systematically investigate oral microbial diversity in mouth-breathing children undergoing orthodontic treatment and assess the impact of each appliance type. The search process in this review was guided by predetermined clinical questions using the PCC framework: population (P), concept (C), and context (C). Relevant papers published between 2014 and 2024 were identified through PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Data extraction followed a structured approach, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess study quality. Of 204 papers identified, 6 studies met the inclusion criteria. Both appliance types led to shifts in microbial balance, with mouth-breathing children showing overgrowth of facultative anaerobes and reduced aerobic species. This influence appeared more pronounced with fixed appliances. Mouth-breathing in children undergoing orthodontic treatment significantly disrupts the oral microbiome, with fixed appliances showing a more pronounced negative impact on microbial diversity than removable appliances. Further longitudinal studies are required to explore the effects of oral hygiene interventions on the microbial environment and to inform clinical decision-making for better mouth-breathing management.
Interceptive Orthodontic Strategy for Children with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Scoping Review of Appliances and Intervention Timing Ritonga, Suci Oktavani; Musnamirwan, Iwan Ahmad
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i2.2943

Abstract

Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is a craniofacial congenital disorder causing upper jaw growth disorders, malocclusion, and functional/aesthetic impairments during childhood. Interceptive orthodontic strategies in children with cleft lip and palate: a scoping review of the tool and the timing of the intervention guide early dentofacial growth, yet tool types and timing vary widely, necessitating evidence mapping for clinical practice. This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR framework, searching PubMed and Scopus (2015–2025) for primary studies on interventional orthodontics in children with CLP. From 452 articles identified, 10 were included after screening and synthesis. Tools included presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM), rapid maxillary expansion (RME), facemasks, and bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP). Interventions ranged from neonatal to adolescent phases. BAMP yielded superior sagittal skeletal and facial profile corrections, especially pre-pubertal peak. Passive devices like NAM enhanced soft tissue repair and preoperative nasolabial symmetry. Interceptive orthodontics in CLP depends on device selection and timing; anchorage-based options like BAMP excel in active growth, while NAM suits presurgical aesthetics. These findings inform clinical decisions and future research in CLP orthodontic management.

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