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Journal of Social Research
Published by CV. International Journal Labs
ISSN : 28279832     EISSN : 2828335x     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55324
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Science, Education, Social,
Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences
The Journal of Social Research is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to social and scientific fields. The journal is published monthly by International Journal Labs. The Journal of Social Research provides a means for sustained discussion of relevant issues that fall within the focus and scopes of the journal which can be examined empirically. The journal publishes research articles covering all aspects of social sciences, ranging from Management, Economics, Culture, Law, Public Health, and Education that belong to the social context.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,365 Documents
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Framing Overtourism and Spatial Exploitation in Bali: Media Perspectives on Environmental Carrying Capacity Rahjasa, Putu Surya Laksana
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3061

Abstract

Overtourism in Bali, particularly in the regions of Badung, Denpasar, and Ubud, has become a growing concern, as it significantly impacts the environment, infrastructure, and cultural integrity of the destination. This research aims to analyze how the media frames the issue of overtourism in these regions, emphasizing spatial exploitation and environmental carrying capacity. The objective is to examine how the media highlights the environmental, social, and cultural pressures of overtourism, and how different actors—such as the government, tourism industry, and local communities are portrayed in the discourse. A qualitative approach with framing analysis was employed, using news reports from credible international and national media sources between 2023 and 2025. The findings reveal that Badung is framed as the epicentre of overtourism, with issues of congestion and pollution, while Denpasar is viewed through the lens of urbanization challenges. Ubud's framing focuses on cultural commercialization and the loss of traditional identity. The media often offers solutions such as tourism taxes, better spatial regulations, and diversifying tourism destinations to reduce pressures on the most affected areas. The study concludes by providing recommendations for sustainable tourism policies, emphasizing the importance of carrying capacity management, better spatial planning, and tourism diversification to preserve Bali's environment and cultural heritage.
Risk Analysis of the Solar Power Plant (SPP) Development Project at PLN Nusantara Power Up Gresik Raharjo, Budi Agung; Rachmawati, Farida
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3084

Abstract

This research aims to identify, analyze, and evaluate risks in the SPP construction project and determine priority mitigation actions from the project owner's perspective. A quantitative case study approach was employed using the House of Risk (HOR) method in two phases. Data were collected through literature reviews, field observations, surveys, and discussions with project stakeholders. Initially, 32 risk variables were identified using Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS), which expanded to 44 variables after preliminary surveys. Phase 1 calculated Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) values with Pareto analysis to prioritize risk agents. Phase 2 determined mitigation actions based on Effectiveness-to-Difficulty Ratio (ETD) calculations. Risk mapping identified six main risk events (catastrophic, political, K3L, materials and equipment, technology and design, and management and construction) with four high-risk and two very high-risk categories. Phase 1 analysis revealed five priority risk agents: location change (ARP 684), scope of work changes (ARP 392), contractor capabilities (ARP 376), licensing (ARP 348), and schedule changes (ARP 320). Phase 2 produced 20 mitigation actions, with 10 prioritized based on ETD values. Five key mitigation recommendations emerged: internal/external checkpoint meetings, work plan and KPI working papers, technical/regulatory standard documents, project manager selection, and technology innovation utilization. The HOR method effectively identifies and prioritizes risks and mitigation actions for SPP construction projects. The five recommended actions provide practical guidance for project management to enhance risk control and project success. This research contributes to risk management literature and offers actionable insights for similar renewable energy projects in Indonesia.
Analysis of Consumer Protection Against Standard Contract Clauses in Credit Insurance Agreements Wibowo, M. Alfri; Syafrida, Syafrida
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3087

Abstract

This study aims to analyze consumer protection against standard contract clauses in credit insurance agreements in Indonesia and their implications for credit insurance claim payment failures. The research method employed is normative juridical, with legislative, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that although regulations governing consumer protection and insurance practices exist, their implementation remains weak due to gaps in legal norms, divergence in interpretation, inadequate supervisory oversight, and an imbalance in bargaining positions between consumers and insurance companies. Standard contract clauses are often applied unfairly to the detriment of consumers, particularly in the process of submitting and settling claims. Furthermore, the available dispute resolution mechanisms have not been fully effective in providing justice and legal certainty for consumers. Therefore, this study recommends regulatory reform, strengthening supervisory institutions, a paradigm shift within the insurance industry, and improved consumer education to realize fair, effective, and sustainable legal protection in the credit insurance sector in Indonesia.
The Influence of Game-Based Learning Method on the Positive Attitudes of Eleventh Grade Students in Islamic Religious Education at Senior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak for the 2025/2026 Academic Year Aprilia Wati, Dina; Wahdah, Wahdah; B. Somantri , Elin
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3088

Abstract

This study aims to investigate and analyze the effect of the application of the Game-Based Learning (GBL) method on the positive attitudes of Grade XI students in the subject of Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam/PAI) at SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak for the 2025/2026 Academic Year. The research method employed is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. The research population comprised all Grade XI Social Studies (Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial/IPS) students, with samples selected using a purposive sampling technique, namely Class XI IPS 1 as the experimental group and Class XI IPS 2 as the control group. Data were collected through a questionnaire measuring three indicators of positive attitudes: perceptions of teachers and instructional methods, responsibility toward academic tasks, and consistency of learning behavior. The data analysis technique applied was the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric statistical test, as the data did not satisfy the assumption of normal distribution. The results revealed that the positive attitude of students in the control class fell within the moderate category, with a mean score of 77.83, while the experimental class achieved the good-to-very-good category, with a mean score of 89.63. The hypothesis test yielded an asymptotic significance value of Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.001 < 0.05; therefore, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. It can thus be concluded that the application of the Game-Based Learning method has a significant positive influence on the improvement of students' positive attitudes in PAI subjects at Senior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak.
The Impact of Tabuh & pathet Gamelan Practice on Cognitive Aging in Older Adults Putri, Kezia Karnila
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3089

Abstract

Tabuh & pathet are among the most fundamental techniques that a gamelan player must master in order to play the instrument fluently. Tabuh refers to striking a gamelan key with a mallet using the dominant hand, while pathet refers to dampening the resonance of the key with the non-dominant hand to prevent it from sustaining too long. Executing proper tabuh & pathet within a melodic pattern (gendhing) demands sustained concentration, rapid cognitive processing, and the ability to recall which key to dampen at the appropriate moment. This cognitively demanding practice holds potential applications in music therapy, particularly for older adults who may benefit from structured activities that stimulate attentional control, bilateral motor coordination, and working memory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of practicing tabuh & pathet on the cognitive performance of older adults. Seven older adults without cognitive impairment participated in weekly introductory gamelan practice sessions conducted over a two-month period, accompanied by peer partners and a music therapist. Participants practiced the tabuh & pathet technique while learning melodic patterns (gendhing) aurally, without the use of visual aids or written notation. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) administered before and after the intervention. Following the two-month intervention, all participants demonstrated improvement in their MMSE post-test scores, suggesting that structured gamelan practice may serve as an effective form of cognitive stimulation for older adults.
Enforcement of the Advocate's Code of Ethics among Fellow Law Enforcers (Catur Wangsa) Kurniati, Yeti; Asron Purba, Jhon; Rusdi, Rusdi; Eka Putra, Roni
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3096

Abstract

This research examines the enforcement of the Advocate's Code of Ethics among fellow law enforcers in Indonesia, particularly in relation to the interactions between advocates, police officers, prosecutors, and judges within the criminal justice system. The study aims to analyze how violations of the Advocate's Code of Ethics affect the judicial process and to assess the effectiveness of existing enforcement mechanisms. A qualitative normative legal research approach was employed, focusing on secondary legal materials such as legislation, court decisions, and professional ethical guidelines. Data were collected through library research, drawing on legal documents and codes of ethics to examine the relationship between advocates and other law enforcement professionals within the Catur Wangsa framework. The findings indicate that breaches of professional ethics such as contemptuous conduct toward law enforcement officers or undue judicial influence adversely affect the integrity of the legal system. Such violations are subject to sanctions ranging from formal warnings to temporary suspension and, in severe cases, permanent dismissal from the professional organization. The study underscores the need for strengthened enforcement of the Advocate's Code of Ethics to uphold the fairness and transparency of the judicial process. This research offers significant insights into how the legal profession can cultivate greater accountability and mutual respect among law enforcement institutions, thereby contributing to a more equitable legal system in Indonesia.
Evaluating the Serofast State in Syphilis: A Study of Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Markers, and HIV Status Lidjaja, Lifesia Natali; Ellistasari, Endra Yustin; Irawanto, Muhammad Eko; Kusumawardani, Arie; Mulianto, Nurrachmat
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3097

Abstract

Syphilis remains a significant global health burden, particularly among high-risk populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). A major challenge in management is the serofast state, where patients fail to achieve serological cure despite adequate treatment. The immunological mechanisms driving this, especially in the context of HIV co-infection, remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate clinical and immunological factors associated with serofast status versus serological cure. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 40 patients diagnosed with syphilis (early latent, late latent, or secondary). Data on demographics, HIV status, CD4/CD8 counts, and pre- and post-treatment VDRL titers were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of the serofast outcome. The cohort was predominantly males (90.0%) and unmarried (80.0%). HIV co-infection was identified as the sole independent predictor of the serofast state (aOR = 10.94; 95% CI: 1.72-69.65; p=0.011). While post-treatment VDRL titers significantly decreased in the total cohort, the serofast group retained significantly higher antibody levels compared to the serological cure group (p<0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found in CD4 counts, CD8 counts, or CD4/CD8 ratios between the two groups. HIV co-infection is a strong predictor of the serofast state in syphilis patients. The lack of significant differences in quantitative cellular immune markers suggests that the persistence of antibodies may be driven by functional immune dysregulation rather than absolute T-cell depletion. These findings emphasize the need for vigilant serological monitoring in HIV-syphilis co-infected individuals.
The Effect of Oral Bromelain on Interleukin-6 Levels in Tissue of Acne Vulgaris Model Rats noviani, Laura; Irawanto, Muhammad Eko; Ellistasari, Endra Yustin; Kusumawardani, Arie; Mulianto, Nurrachmat
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3102

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit associated with Cutibacterium acnes colonization and activation of the Toll-like receptor–NF-?B pathway, which upregulates production of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme derived from pineapple (Ananas comosus), is known to possess anti-inflammatory properties; however, experimental evidence regarding its effect on inflammatory cytokines in acne remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral bromelain administration on IL-6 levels in the tissue of acne vulgaris model rats. This in vivo laboratory experimental study employed a posttest-only control group design. Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats induced with C. acnes were divided into three groups: normal control (K1), negative control (K2), and treatment group (P) receiving oral bromelain at 88 mg/kgBW/day for 21 days. Tissue IL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test. C. acnes induction significantly elevated tissue IL-6 levels compared to the normal control (p<0.001). One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in IL-6 levels between groups (p<0.001). The lowest IL-6 levels were observed in K1 (36.50±0.43) and the highest in K2 (94.01±0.57). The treatment group (P; 47.46±0.83) demonstrated significantly lower IL-6 levels than K2 and approximated K1 values. The post hoc LSD test confirmed statistically significant differences across all pairwise group comparisons (p<0.001). Oral bromelain administration effectively reduced IL-6 levels in the tissue of acne vulgaris model rats, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory activity. These findings suggest that bromelain has potential as an adjunct therapy for inflammatory control in acne vulgaris.
Correlation Between Serum Il-24 Level in Acne Vulgaris Patients of Varying Clinical Severity Evanti, Annisa Marsha; Irawanto, Muhammad Eko; Mulianto, Nurrachmat; Kusumawardani, Arie; Ellistasari, Endra Yustin
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3104

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. The inflammatory process involves immune responses partially regulated by IL-24, suggesting its potential role in AV pathophysiology and clinical severity. However, data on serum IL-24 levels based on AV severity remain limited, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum IL-24 levels and acne vulgaris severity to further elucidate its molecular mechanisms. Methods: This observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia, from November 2025 to January 2026, involving healthy individuals and acne vulgaris patients. AV severity was assessed using the Lehmann classification, and serum IL-24 levels were measured by ELISA. Results: A total of 60 subjects were involved, consisting of 15 healthy controls, 15 patients with mild AV, 15 with moderate AV, and 15 with severe AV. Pearson correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between serum IL-24 levels and AV severity (p = 0.186). However, there was a trend towards increasing serum IL-24 levels along with acne severity. In the healthy control group, IL-24 levels were lower than in the AV group. Conclusions: Serum IL-24 levels are not associated with acne vulgaris severity. This is likely due to its effect on local keratinocyte proliferation. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology using histopathological examination of skin tissue from patients with AV
The Influence of Expertise, Audit Experience, Ethics, and Knowledge of Accounting and Auditing on the Accuracy of Audit Opinion Giving Rahmawati, Jihan; Puji Puspita Sari, Dian; Fitriana, Nur
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3105

Abstract

Background: The accuracy of audit opinions is a critical element in maintaining the credibility of financial reporting and ensuring stakeholder trust. Various individual auditor characteristics such as expertise, audit experience, ethics, and accounting and auditing knowledge are assumed to influence the quality and accuracy of audit judgments. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of expertise, audit experience, ethics, and accounting and auditing knowledge on the accuracy of audit opinions. Methods: This research applies a quantitative approach using primary data collected through questionnaires. The sample consisted of 61 auditors selected using the census method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The findings show that expertise does not significantly affect the accuracy of audit opinions. However, audit experience, ethics, and accounting and auditing knowledge have significant effects on the accuracy of audit opinions. Conclusion: The study concludes that audit experience, ethics, and accounting and auditing knowledge play important roles in improving the accuracy of audit opinions, while expertise alone is not sufficient to influence audit opinion accuracy. These findings highlight the importance of practical experience and ethical competence in strengthening audit quality.

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