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Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 19071744     EISSN : 24601500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access scientific periodical journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA publishes original articles on current issues and trends in mathematics-science-science education studies. In addition, this journal addresses issues concerning environmental education and environmental science. The journal scopes are: a. Physics and Physics Education b. Chemistry and Chemistry Education c. Biology and Biology Education d. Natural Science and Science Education e. Mathematics and Mathematics Education f. Environmental and Environmental Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 30 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)" : 30 Documents clear
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity Test of Chitosan–Nanosilver–Black Cumin Seed Oil (Nigella sativa) Gel Preparation against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Mustofa, Mohammad Nurul; Cahyaningrum, Sari Edi
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11306

Abstract

The skin is the outermost organ of the human body and functions as a protective barrier against environmental factors, making it susceptible to wounds caused by physical trauma and microbial infections. One pathogenic bacterium frequently associated with skin disorders such as boils, acne, and wound infections is Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, topical formulations are required to prevent and manage infection. The combination of chitosan, nanosilver, and black cumin oil exhibits antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and antibacterial activity of a chitosan–nanosilver–black cumin oil gel against Staphylococcus aureus. The gel was formulated in five variations containing black cumin oil concentrations of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, and 7%. Chemical characterization was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to identify functional groups, while nanosilver particle size was analyzed using a Particle Size Analyzer. Physical evaluation included a pH measurement to assess compatibility with the skin's pH. Antibacterial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method, measuring inhibition zone diameters. The Particle Size Analyzer results showed an average nanosilver particle size of 31.54 nm. FTIR analysis of the chitosan–nanosilver system confirmed the presence of O–H, N–H, C–H, and C=O functional groups, while FTIR characterization of black cumin oil confirmed the presence of functional groups associated with C–H stretching, C=O, C–O, and =C–H bending. The formulated gel exhibited a pH of 5.12–5.72, within the physiological pH range of human skin. Antibacterial testing demonstrated that inhibitory activity increased with increasing black cumin oil concentration, with the largest inhibition zone observed in the 7% formulation (21.67 mm). These findings indicate that chitosan–nanosilver–black cumin oil gel has potential for development as an antibacterial formulation.
Inventory of the Genus Bougainvillea (Nyctaginaceae) at Bukit Bougenville Agrotourism Park, Singkawang, West Kalimantan Ayu, Nambisas Arum Kusuma; Astuti, Widya; Isyatirradhiyah, Isyatirradhiyah; Faturrahman, Mas Akhbar; Fajri, Hayatul
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11330

Abstract

The high level of biodiversity Indonesia contains is a prestigious national treasure. One type of biodiversity found in Indonesia is plant diversity. Plant diversity is inevitable due to their use as ornamental plants. Among many ornamental plants famous in Indonesia, the genus Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss is known globally for its essential role in horticulture development. Bukit Bougenville Agrotourism Park, located in Sijangkung Subdistrict, South Singkawang District, Singkawang City, West Kalimantan Province, maintains a diverse and abundant collection of cultivated Bougainvillea plants, which can serve as an important resource for investigating Bougainvillea diversity. To date, no research has inventoried the diversity of Bougainvillea in Bukit Bougenville Agrotourism Park. Therefore, this research aims to inventory and identify members of the Bougainvillea genus found in Bukit Bougenville Agrotourism Park. Using a qualitative method, this research involved the Bougainvillea members at the research site, sampled using convenience sampling due to the vast area. The research is then continued with identification based on morphology, supported by various peer-reviewed literature. The identification process revealed two species: Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., both in non-variegated and variegated forms, and Bougainvillea glabra Choisy. The sampling also revealed substantial numbers of each species in Bukit Bougenville Agrotourism Park: B. spectabilis in non-variegated form, totalling 237 individuals; B. spectabilis in variegated form, totalling 126 individuals; and B. glabra, totalling 53 individuals, for a total of 416 individuals encountered throughout the sampling period. The identification and abundance of the two species indicate that the area has favorable ecological conditions for cultivating Bougainvillea, supporting its role as a specialized agrotourism destination. Overall, the results provide a baseline inventory for future planning regarding conservation, landscape management, and ornamental plant breeding programs. Moreover, the documented species composition can inform agrotourism development strategies, including educational interpretation, biodiversity-based tourism promotion, and sustainable plant management practices.
Valorization of Kintamani Arabica Coffee Pulp as a Functional Food Ingredient: Integrating Environmental Risk Reduction and Antioxidant Potential Rabani RS, I Gusti Agung Yogi; Antares, Ardhinata; Prawitasari, Ida Ayu Agung; Putra, I Nyoman Arya Maha
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11458

Abstract

The increasing production of Arabica coffee in the Kintamani region, Bali, has led to a proportional rise in coffee pulp waste, which remains inadequately managed. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Kintamani Arabica coffee pulp as a functional food raw material while simultaneously assessing its role in environmental risk mitigation through a zero-waste approach. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine total phenolic content and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, while a semi-quantitative Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) was applied to evaluate pollution risks associated with coffee pulp disposal. The results demonstrated that coffee pulp contains phenolic bioactive compounds with very strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 13.96 ppm), comparable to established antioxidant-rich agricultural by-products. From an environmental perspective, converting coffee pulp into cascara (coffee pulp tea) reduced odor-related gas emission and groundwater contamination risks from high to low categories, achieving an overall risk reduction exceeding 75%. This study uniquely integrates functional food characterization with environmental risk assessment, providing scientific evidence that coffee pulp valorization supports circular economy strategies and sustainable coffee production systems.
Effect of Using Audiovisual Learning Media Based on the Canva Application on Students Science Learning Outcomes Husna, Nurul; Sauqina, Sauqina; Khairunnisa, Yasmine
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11401

Abstract

In response to the growing need for innovative and technology-integrated instructional strategies in science education. This study aims to analyze the effect of using the Canva application-based audiovisual learning media on the science learning outcomes of seventh-grade students on the material of changes in the state of matter. The method applied is a quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent control group design. The population includes all seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin. Through convenience sampling, a research sample of 60 people was obtained: 30 in class VII D (control) and 30 in class VII E (experimental). Data were collected through a validated, reliable learning outcome test. The data analysis techniques used in this study include calculating averages and standard deviations, performing normality and homogeneity tests, and conducting hypothesis tests. Hypothesis testing in this study was conducted using ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance). The results of the hypothesis test showed a Sig. value of 0.001 <0.05, with an effect size of 0.171, which is classified as a small category. Therefore, the decision was made to reject H0 and accept H1. The conclusion of this study is that the use of audiovisual learning media in the Canva application affects the science learning outcomes of grade VII students on the material on changes in state of matter.
Deployment of Augmented Reality Across Science Topics in Junior High School: A Review Noviani, Annisa; Eralita, Norma
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11405

Abstract

The practical application of science education often encounters various challenges, particularly in conveying abstract scientific concepts in a tangible and meaningful manner for students. Many concepts in junior high school science, such as astronomical phenomena, biological structures, and environmental systems, are inherently abstract and difficult to visualize through conventional instructional approaches. Augmented Reality (AR) offers opportunities to integrate virtual and real environments, enabling abstract scientific concepts to be represented in interactive, visual forms that may support conceptual understanding and student engagement. This study aims to describe and explain patterns of Augmented Reality (AR) utilization across science topics in junior high school education in Indonesia. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA protocol to ensure transparency and rigor in the review process. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, Scopus, and ERIC databases. Of the 874 articles identified, 17 studies met the predetermined inclusion criteria and were selected for data synthesis. The findings indicate that research on AR-based learning media at the junior high school level in Indonesia remains relatively limited, with much of it focused on specific science topics. The structure and function of living organisms and the solar system were the most covered topics, with 4 articles (31%) and 3 articles (23%), respectively, while other topics each had 1 article (7.7%). In contrast, earth and environmental science topics, including ecology and biodiversity, receive comparatively less attention. This review is limited to open-access studies conducted in Indonesia between 2016 and 2025 and focuses exclusively on junior high school science education. The results of this study provide an overview of current research tendencies and may serve as a reference for future studies seeking to examine AR implementation more comprehensively.
Design of a Chemical Literacy Test Instrument on Atomic Structure Material for Senior High School Students Faizah, Siti; Yerimadesi, Yerimadesi; Yuhelman, Nofri; Iryani, Iryani
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11447

Abstract

The low level of chemical literacy in Indonesia, reflected in PISA 2022 scores below the average, is driven by the limited use of literacy-based assessments and restricted access to proper evaluation instruments. This study aims to develop and validate a chemical literacy test instrument specifically designed for atomic structure material for Senior high School students, utilizing the Rasch model for rigorous psychometric analysis. Unlike previous studies that often integrate multiple chemistry topics, this research provides a specialized focus exclusively on atomic structure, featuring five contextual narratives and one infographic across seven essay items to capture deep conceptual understanding. This Research and Development (R&D) employed purposive sampling of students at SMA N 7 Padang. Data were analyzed using Content Validity Ratio (CVR) for logical validity and Rasch modelling via Ministep software for empirical validation. The Rasch model was selected over classical test theory to ensure linear measurement of both item difficulty and student ability. SME evaluations confirmed the logical validity of all items. Empirical analysis showed that although some items exhibited higher outfit values, they were retained because of strong point-measure correlations with the measured construct. Item reliability was categorized as good, person reliability as fair, and Cronbach’s alpha was categorized as good. The instrument effectively categorized item difficulty and student discrimination power into three ability levels (high, medium, and low). The resulting seven-item instrument is valid, reliable, and practically feasible for educators to integrate into formative assessments to measure students' chemical literacy in atomic structure.
Development of Interactive Multimedia Based on Problem-Based Learning in the material on the Form of Substances and Their Changes to Improve Science learning Outcomes Auliya, Shindy; Andriani, Aldina Eka
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11496

Abstract

The utilization of technology-based learning media by teachers has not been done optimally, resulting in low student learning outcomes, which is reflected in 64% of students who do not meet the Learning Objectives Achievement Criteria (KKTP). This study aims to describe the development design and to test the feasibility and effectiveness of an interactive multimedia program based on Problem-Based Learning to improve the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN Ngaliyan 03, Semarang City. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model. Twenty-eight fourth-graders from SDN Ngaliyan 03 in Semarang City served as the research subjects. Both tests (pretest and posttest) and non-test methods (observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation) were used to collect data. N-Gain, t-tests, and normality tests were used in data analysis. The results of the study showed that an interactive multimedia module on changes in the state of matter, developed using Problem-Based Learning syntax, was accompanied by the use of the PhET Colorado virtual laboratory as a learning stimulus through virtual experiments. Expert validation showed a feasibility level of 91.66% from material experts and 93.75% from media experts, with a very feasible category, reinforced by teacher responses of 92% and student responses of 95% which were also in the very feasible category. The effectiveness of the media is shown by an increase in pretest and posttest scores of 38.40, a t-test result of 0.000, and an N-Gain value of 0.6720, meeting moderate criteria. Based on this research, it can be concluded that an interactive multimedia Problem-Based Learning module on states of matter and their changes has been successfully developed, is highly feasible, and is effective in improving fourth-grade students' science learning outcomes at SDN Ngaliyan 03, Semarang City.
The Relationship Between Soil Nitrogen Content and Soil Magnetic Susceptibility in UHO Agricultural Land Fatima, Wa Ode; Asni, Asni; Yfandi, Wa Ode Findi Asnalda; Taporanggi, Wa Ode Nur Asmi; Sina, Wa; Aisyah, Pratiwi Nur; Risna, Risna
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11516

Abstract

Soil plays an important role in supporting agricultural productivity through the availability of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, which affects plant growth and soil fertility. This study aims to determine the relationship between soil nitrogen content and soil magnetic susceptibility on agricultural land at Halu Oleo University (UHO) planted with corn, long beans, and chili peppers. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0 cm and 30 cm. Nitrogen content was analyzed using a spectrophotometer, while magnetic susceptibility was measured using an MS2B-type susceptibility meter. The results showed that both nitrogen content and soil magnetic susceptibility were higher in the surface layer and decreased at 30 cm. This indicates a relationship between soil nitrogen content and soil magnetic properties. In conclusion, nitrogen content influences variations in soil magnetic susceptibility. This study contributes to the development of a rapid, non-destructive alternative method for assessing soil fertility in agricultural land.
Nanoherbal from Ethanol Extract of Dutch Teak Leaves (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk.) and Antibacterial Potential Against Echerichia coli Larasati, Widya Dwi; Sutoyo, Suyatno; Arizandy, Radita Yuniar; Setyarini, Wahyu
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11533

Abstract

Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk. leaves, commonly known as Dutch teak leaves, are a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat diarrhea, infections, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Dutch teak leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, phenolics, and glycosides. The presence of these compounds suggests that Dutch teak leaves have potential antibacterial activity. Herbal extracts have a limitation: low bioavailability. Therefore, nanoherbal formulations are used to improve their bioavailability. Nanoherbal is a nanoparticle made from plants. Nanoherbal can increase the surface area of medicinal herbs, thereby enhancing the solubility of compounds in the body. This study aims to determine the characteristics of nanoherbal derived from the ethanol extract of Dutch teak leaves and its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The nanoherbal was synthesized using the ionic gelation method, employing alginate as the polyelectrolyte polymer and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) as the crosslinking agent. Four CaCl₂ concentrations were used: F1 (0.005%), F2 (0.01%), F3 (0.02%), and F4 (0.03%). Nanoherbal characterization, including particle size, zeta potential, and functional groups. The optimal nanoherbal formulation (F4) exhibited a particle size of 314.06 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.0990, and a zeta potential of -131 mV. The FTIR spectra of nanoherbal showed a decrease in transmittance in the O-H, symmetric, and asymmetric COO- bands. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method. All treatments were conducted in triplicate, and results were expressed as average inhibition zone diameters (mm) and analyzed descriptively. The antibacterial activity test showed that the synthesized nanoherbal exhibited very strong activity against Escherichia coli, with an inhibition zone diameter of 23.65 mm. The synthesized nanoherbal showed a larger inhibition zone compared to the extract and alginate.
The Effectiveness of Guided Inquiry Through Flashcard Media on Force Material to Important Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students Suryani, Ani; Widiyono, Aan
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11567

Abstract

Critical thinking skills are essential 21st-century competencies that students must master. However, the results of PISA 2022 show that Indonesian students scored only 383 in science, far below the OECD average of 489, indicating weak analytical and problem-solving abilities. This study was motivated by persistent challenges in developing critical thinking skills among Indonesian elementary students, as indicated by consistently low PISA scores. It investigates the effectiveness of integrating the Guided Inquiry learning model with flashcards to enhance fourth-grade students' critical thinking skills, specifically regarding the abstract topic of force in science. Employing a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest method, the research involved 30 purposively selected students from SD Negeri 3 Kalipucangkulon. Data were collected through critical thinking skill tests and analyzed using the Paired Samples T-Test, Cohen's d for effect size, and supported by the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. The results revealed a statistically significant and substantial improvement: the mean pretest score of 51.0 (SD=15.11) increased to 77.1 (SD=5.00) in the posttest, with a mean difference of 26.1 points. Statistical analysis confirmed a highly significant difference (t(29) = -11.0, p < 0.001) and a very large effect size (Cohen's d = 2.01). These findings demonstrate that the synergistic combination of Guided Inquiry's investigative framework and the concrete, engaging nature of flashcard media is highly effective in fostering students' analytical, evaluative, and inferential skills. The study concludes that this integrated strategy offers a practical and impactful approach to creating interactive, higher-order thinking-oriented science learning in elementary schools, addressing a crucial gap in 21st-century science education. The limitations of this study, particularly the lack of a control group, highlight the necessity for subsequent research employing more rigorous designs.

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