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Hakam : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Hukum Ekonomi Islam
Published by Universitas Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo
ISSN : 28295803     EISSN : 25808052     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33650/jhi
Core Subject : Religion, Social,
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Hakam : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Hukum Ekonomi Islam adalah jurnal ilmiah yang mengkaji tentang persoalan - persoalan hukum dan keislaman. Jurnal ini diterbitkan secara berkala setahun dua kali, yaitu setiap bulan Juni dan Desember oleh Program Studi Hukum Keluarga Islam, Fakultas Agama Islam, Universitas Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. Redaksi menerima naskah ilmiah ataupun hasil penelitian dalam bahasa Indonesia, bahasa inggris maupun bahasa arab. Di samping itu, Tim Redaksi juga berhak untuk mengedit dan menyempurkan naskah ilmiah yang akan diterbitkan tanpa menghilangkan esensi dan makna tulisan.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 106 Documents
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KAJIAN FIKIH TERHADAP PASAL 415 KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA TENTANG PERZINAAN Muhammad Sibghotulloh L A; Khoirul Ahsan
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 7, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v7i1.5759

Abstract

Merebaknya fenomena perzinaan sudah diisyaratkan oleh nabi Muhammad ﷺ sejak dahulu, bahwa tanda-tanda hari akhir itu nyata adanya. Maraknya praktik perzinaan ini memang harus mendapat perhatian ekstra baik dari pemerintah, ulama dan masyarakat. Apalagi, nampaknya perzinaan sudah menjadi tren kebiasaan. Padahal Allah Ta’ala telah memberi peringatan keras bagi pelaku zina. Bahkan mendekatinya saja sudah adalah keharaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan diperoleh dari literatur dianalisis melalui metode perbandingan hukum, kemudian diambil kesimpulannya. menurut KUHP pasal 415 zina adalah Setiap orang yang melakukan persetubuhan dengan orang yang bukan suami atau istrinya. Sedangkan perzinaan menurut fiqih islam adalah persetubuhan antara laki-laki dan perempuan tanpa ikatan yang sah dan halal, yaitu memasukan alat kelamin laki-laki kedalam kelamin perempuan minimal sampai batas kepala zakar. Sedangkan menurut Para Ulama mazhab fiqih dalam memberikan definisi zina dalam kata yang berbeda, namun memiliki arti kata yang hampir sama Zina dalam hukum islam terbagi menjadi dua macam yaitu zina muhsan dan zina ghairu muhsan. Zina muhsan adalah zina yang dilakukan laki-laki atau wanita dengan status perkawinan sah, hukumannya adalah rajam sampai mati. Sedangkan zina ghairu muhsan adalah persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang yang tidak terikat perkawinan, hukumannya adalah cambuk seratus kali dan pengasingan setahun disuatu kawasan. Sedangkan zina dalam KUHP tidak ada kategori tertentu dan tidak ada perbedaan hukuman yang akan diterima oleh pelaku. Terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan tentang masalah pezinaan pada fiqih islam dan KUHP diantaranya adalah kriteria pelaku zina, jumlah saksi, jenis hukuman dan tujuan dari pelarangan tindakan zina tersebut.Kata Kunci : Perzinaan, Fiqih Islam, KUHP
IMPLEMENTASI KELUARGA SAKINAH BERKEMAJUAN TERHADAP FENOMENA FATHERLESS Maulidi Dhuha Yaum Mubarok
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 7, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v7i1.6065

Abstract

This paper focuses on discussing how the implementation of a progressive Sakinah family is a provision to face family challenges in this global era, especially the fatherless phenomenon. The data for this research comes from reading the results of previous research relating to fatherless which is adapted to the latest developments and uses a sociological normative approach with a deductive-inductive thinking model. Fatherless as a social phenomenon in Indonesia is the impact of the massive development of the times which demands adaptation from each individual. Fatherless is a condition where the presence of a father is absent both physically and psychologically which has an impact on the family institution. Another reason for this phenomenon is the shift from the patriarchal family system to a democratic family system, where all family members have the same roles, functions, and opportunities to actualize themselves both in the domestic (home) and public spheres. The results of the study show that the Sakinah family is an ideal portrait of a family building that each individual must strive to make as much effort as possible to make happen. Progressive Sakinah families are able to fulfill the rights of other family members, armed with communication patterns that respect and understand each other, as a result of individuals who are pious and have the nature of mercy.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PERCERAIAN DAN AKIBAT HUKUMNYA DI BEBERAPA NEGARA ISLAM Moh Rosil Fathony; Ellemmia Lorenza Pradana
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 7, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v7i1.5770

Abstract

Membentuk keluarga yang kekal dan bahagia, sakinah, mawadah, warahmah ternyata tidak semudah membalikkan telapak tangan, banyak faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya ketidakharmonisan dalam rumah tangga yang acap kali sampai pada perceraian. Dalam artikel ini hanya dibatasi pada persoalan, “Perceraian sebab dan akibat hukumnya di beberapa negara Muslim”. Di samping itu, negara Muslim yang dimaksud hanya fokus terhadap enam negara dengan  pembagian dua kelompok besar, yakni: Pertama, Negara muslim Asia; (1) Indonesia, (2) Malaysia, (3) Turki, Kedua, Negara muslim Afrika; (4) Tunisia, (5) Maroko, (6) Mesir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji perbandingan proses perceraian dan akibat hukum perceraian di beberapa Negara Islam. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan pendekatan deskriptif-komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perceraian dapat dilakukan ketika terdapat alasan yang dibenarkan oleh hukum yang sesuai dengan  ketentuan di beberapa Negara tersebut. Sedangkan dalam pengajuan cerai di beberapa negara muslim sudah mengusung konsep egaliter yang tidak membedakan antara suami maupun istri dalam pengajuan pembubaran pernikahan. Adapun akibat hukum yang terjadi setelah perceraian kewajiban biaya kehidupan dan pendidikan anak lebih diserahkan pada pihak ayah dan jika keberatan bisa ditanggung bersama.
MAPPING OF DIVORCE-PRONE AREAS BASED ON GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM Moch Tohet; Muhammad Zainuddin Sunarto
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 7, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v7i1.6523

Abstract

The research aims to determine the location points prone to divorce in the Kraksaan District Court with the Geographic Information System application so that it can make it easier for the Kraksaan Religious Court officers to make decisions and make it easier for all people and admins in particular. The research method used in this study combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods are used in data collection using literature studies and observations. At the same time, the quantitative method is tested to obtain conclusions in developing this research system, namely using the waterfall method with the stages of analysis, design and coding. The study results show that: the geographic information system-based mapping application of divorce-prone areas is very effective in identifying areas that require special attention in resolving divorce cases. The information obtained from this application helps the court to direct prevention, counselling and mediation efforts in areas prone to divorce, as well as to optimize the allocation of resources and support programs accordingly.
TRADISI KABIN NGODHEH DI KALANGAN ETNIS MADURA DI KELURAHAN MENTAYA SEBERANG KECAMATAN SERANAU KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR Rohadi, Rohadi
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 7, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v7i2.6889

Abstract

Humans are creatures that interact with humans and other creatures at all times. In life, humans will always need other people, humans can not achieve their desires by themselves. Therefore, it is called humans as social creatures who need others and are needed by others. Humans need each other with other humans of course in positive things. One human being needs someone else to be his life's companion. To support the desire to develop their offspring, of course, through the process of marriage or marriage. Marriage is a life event where the sacred promises between men and women are delivered. In Indonesia, the condition for a person to get married is if a woman has reached the age of 16 (sixteen) years, while for men 19 (nineteen) years this matter is listed in the law on Marriage. Early marriage is a marriage carried out by a pair of teenagers (men and women) who are still less than 20 years old and are not yet physically, physiologically or psychologically mature. Early marriages that occur are generally carried out by teenage girls. The method used in this research is Qualitative Method of Literature Study. Early marriages that occur in women are caused by several factors, namely cultural factors and customs, parental factors, economic factors, educational factors, and factors from within the individual. Early marriages also have an impact, which is the impact on individuals who do it, the impact on their families and on society or the country
EFEKTIFITAS ZAKAT DALAM MERESPONS KRISIS KEMANUSIAAN DAN KESENJANGAN EKONOMI KELUARGA MUSLIM Suhaili, Achmad
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v8i1.8964

Abstract

Sebagai Negara berpenduduk mayoritas muslim terbesar di dunia, Indonesia mempunyai kesempatan besar dalam pengumpulan zakat yang dapat digunakan oleh yang membutuhkan (Mustahik). Zakat sangat berperan dalam mengatasi krisis kemanusiaan dan kesenjangan ekonomi keluarga muslim. Krisis kemanusiaan dalam hal ini adalah situasi di mana banyak individu atau kelompok mengalami penderitaan dan kebutuhan yang mendesak akibat bencana alam, konflik, atau faktor-faktor lainnya. Kesenjangan ekonomi merupakan adanya perbedaan atau disparitas antara kelompok atau individu dalam hal pendapatan, kekayaan, akses terhadap pendidikan, pekerjaan, atau sumber daya ekonomi lainnya. Kesenjangan ekonomi mencerminkan ketidaksetaraan distribusi ekonomi di dalam suatu Masyarakat Persoalannya kemudian adalah apakah zakat telah diyakini sebagai suatu asset, dalam ghirah pertumbuhan dan pemerataan sosio ekonomi, ataukah sekedar amaliyah ritual (ibadah mahdah), serta baagaimana zakat dapat dikelola secara manajemen kelembagaan, sehingga zakat tidak hanya bersifat konsumtif tetapi juga produktif, dengan system pengelolaan Zakat secara professional dan adanya SDM pengelola zakat yang berintergritas diharapkan bisa menjadikan Zakat berperan lebih besar dalam meningkatkan kapasitas kesejahteraan keluarga muslim. Penanganan krisis kemanusiaan dan mengurai kesenjangan sosial harus menjadi agenda bersama umat Islam Indonesia. Dalam konteks hukum keluarga Islam, zakat dapat digunakan untuk membantu memenuhi kewajiban finansial keluraga, seperti pemenuhan nafkah, dan pembiayaan pendidikan anak-anak. Dengan memberikan zakat, seseorang dapat memastikan bahwa keluarga yang kurang mampu dapat memenuhi kewajiban hukum keluarga mereka, yang pada gilirannya dapat membantu mengurangi beban krisis kemanusiaan dalam keluarga tersebut. Sedangkan dalam pendekatan teori system sosial, zakat merupakan bagian dari sistem yang besar yang mencakup penerima zakat, pemberi zakat, dan lembaga-lembaga yang mengelola distribusi zakat. Hal tersebut harus dilaksanakan secara integral dan professional untuk mencapai substansi zakat.Kata Kunci: Zakat, Krisis Kemanusiaan, Kesenjangan Ekonomi Keluarga Muslim.
ANALISIS POLITIK HUKUM DALAM FENOMENA PERCERAIAN DI LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR : TINJAUAN TERHADAP KASUS PERSELINGKUHAN APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA Naldi, Hasri; Elimartati, Elimartati
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v8i1.7560

Abstract

This paper aims to analyse politically and legally the phenomenon of divorce in Tanah Datar Regency, with a special emphasis on infidelity among state civil servants. This is due to the fact that divorce within the government is often a major concern in the legal and political context. Field research (Fiel Research) is a descriptive normative research methodology used in this writing. The data sources of this research consist of primary data sources and secondary data sources. The primary data source is the cause of divorce among state civil servants and the secondary data source is a book.The primary data source is the causes of divorce among state civil servants and the secondary data source is books and articles related to the factors that cause divorce among state civil servants. The results showed that the submission of divorce permits by civil servants in the Tanah Datar Regency government was due to family economic problems where the wife's income was greater than the wife's income. Family economic problems where the wife's income is greater than the husband's, disharmonious relationships between husband/wife, frequent arguments and indications that the husband/wife partner is having an affair. In the context of prevention efforts, the Regional Government of Tanah Datar Regency has issued Circular Letter Number 100.3.44-999-BKPSDM-2023 concerning Prohibition of Cheating for All ASN and PPNPN within the government of Tanah Datar Regency by visiting integrity and moral values in community life.
KONSEP KEADILAN GENDER DALAM PUTUSAN VERSTEK PADA CERAI GUGAT DI MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH LANGSA DALAM BINGKAI HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM Ulya, Nur Afina
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 7, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v7i2.6589

Abstract

The concept of gender justice is an essential thing that must be applied to various aspects of life, especially in the realm of religious courts. Justice that must be enforced means the fulfillment of the rights of men and women fairly without causing various forms of discrimination. The absence of the husband as the defendant in a divorce case in court will cause problems in the examination of the case and harm the rights of the wife as the plaintiff. The absence of the defendant in court or not presenting his representative will impact the decision, so it must be decided in a verstek manner. In writing using a gender approach and Islamic family law. The research found that the verstek decision was categorized as an effort to protect the wife's rights as a plaintiff. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data of the three decisions and the results of the interviews. As for interviews as reinforcing data in the analysis of decisions conducted with three judges in studying the objectivity of law in the experience and knowledge of judges in the decision. The results of this study are that women's rights have been fulfilled with all legal considerations by judges who are correct and in line with the concept of Islamic family law.
REVIEW OF FIQH MUAMALAH ON THE PRACTICE OF BUYING AND SELLING TAMBOURINE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS ONLINE AT SUARA TUNGGAL BAHANA SHOP Wardah, Audiya Khilya
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v8i1.8499

Abstract

This study seeks to ascertain the prevalence of online transactions for purchasing and selling tambourine musical instruments at Toko Suara Tunggal Bahana and the perspective of fiqh muamalah about such transactions. The present study employs a qualitative research methodology, explicitly adopting a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary sources of data for this study were interviews and documentation. The obtained data is subjected to analysis through interactive methodologies, and conclusions are derived through the application of inductive reasoning. The study's findings indicate that selling and purchasing tambourine musical instruments at the Suara Tunggal Bahana shop was conducted online. The buyer possessed comprehensive knowledge regarding the characteristics of the goods, and the seller offered the buyer the option to return any damaged or defective products. However, it is essential to note that this option was contingent upon the presence of unedited video evidence during the package opening process. The permissibility of online tambourine musical instrument sales at Toko Suara Tunggal Bahana is supported by fiqh Muamalah since it adheres to the principles of salam sale and istishna sale and purchase, hence granting the buyer the right to khiyar.
PERKAWINAN DI BAWAH UMUR MASYARAKAT 5.0 PERSPEKTIF FIQH MADZHAB SYAFI’I DAN UNDANG UNDANG PERKAWINAN DI INDONESIA Alindi, Rizki Kila; Al Amin, Habibi
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 7, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v7i2.6950

Abstract

ABSTRACTLegal marriage is an absolute stipulation according to Islam. However, these noble intentions are often not in line with expectations if the husband and wife do not yet have maturity both physically and mentally. This unpreparedness can occur if it is caused by the intensity of children using gadgets in the 5.0 era. This journal will examine how the law of underage marriage in the community 5.0 is from the perspective of the Syafi'i madhhab fiqh, and how the relevance of the Syafi'i fiqh legal reasoning to the Marriage Law in Indonesia for underage marriages in the 5.0 community. The conclusion in this study is that the marriage law under the age of 5.0 according to the Syafi'i school is valid. By looking at the element of ability, namely prioritizing maslahah. The legal relevance of marriage under the age of 5.0 in the perspective of the Imam Syafi'i madhhab and the Marriage Law is the age limit. Where both clearly regulate the age limit for marriage. This correlation can be used for the concept of underage marriage in the community 5.0 and all deviations in it.Keywords: Underage Marriage, Shafi'i Madzhab Fiqh, Marriage Law. ABSTRAKPerkawinan yang sah merupakan ketetapan mutlak menurut agama Islam. Akan tetapi, niat mulia tersebut seringkali tidak sesuai dengan harapan apabila diantara pasangan suami isteri belum memiliki kedewasaan baik secara fisik maupun mental. Ketidaksiapan tersebut bisa terjadi apabila disebabkan oleh intensitas  anak-anak menggunakan gadget di era 5.0. Artikel ini akan mengkaji bagaimana hukum perkawinan di bawah umur masyarakat 5.0 perspektif fiqh madzhab Syafi’i, serta bagaimana relevansi nalar hukum fiqh madzhab Syafi’i terhadap Undang Undang Perkawinan di Indonesia terhadap perkawinan di bawah umur masyarakat 5.0. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yakni hukum perkawinan di bawah umur masyarakat 5.0 menurut madzhab Syafi’i adalah sah. Dengan melihat  unsur kebolehan tersebut yakni mengutamakan maslahah. Relevansi hukum perkawinan di bawah umur masyarakat 5.0 dalam persepektif madzhab imam Syafi’i dan Undang Undang Perkawinan adalah pada batasan usia. Dimana keduanya mengatur secara jelas aturan batasan usia perkawinan. Korelasi tersebut dapat digunakan untuk konsep perkawinan di bawah umur masyarakat 5.0 dan segala penyimpangan di dalamnya.Kata Kunci: Perkawinan di Bawah Umur, Fiqh Madzhab Syafi’i, Undang --undang Perkawinan.

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