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Maria Viva Rini
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Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Published by Green Engineering Society
ISSN : 26214709     EISSN : 26212528     DOI : https://www.jaast.org/index.php/jaast/article/view
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology (JAAST) is an international journal, focuses on applied agricultural science and applied agricultural technology in particular: agricultural mechanization, food sciences, food technology, agricultural information technology, agricultural economics, agricultural statistics, bioinformatics, farm structure, farm power, agricultural machinery, irrigation and drainage, land and water resources engineering, renewable energy, environment, crop production, and crop protection.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 157 Documents
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Microbial Population and Nutrient Content of a Biofertilizer Containing Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens with Different Carrier Materials After Storage Elita, Nelson; Erlinda, Rita; Yefriwati, Yefriwati; Yanti, Rinda; Sari, Deliana Andam; Illahi, Ayu Kurnia; Maulina, Fri; Hasan, Nor’ Aishah
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i1.365

Abstract

Biofertilizers contain N-fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria. The microbial population is dynamic and influenced by nutrient availability and storage temperature. Maintaining microbial populations requires appropriate carrier media to maximize microbial viability. The aim of the research is to determine the appropriate carrier material for the biofertilizer after storage based on the nutrient content and microbial population. The experiment utilized a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications, resulting in 28 experimental units. The treatments were as follows: B0 = Compost, B1 = Compost + Bacteria (Azotobacter and Pseudomonas fluorescens), B2 = Compost + Bacteria (Azotobacter + P. fluorescens) + Molasses, B3 = Compost + bacteria (Azotobacter + P. fluorescens) + CMC, B4 = Compost + bacteria (Azotobacter + P. fluorescens) + Arginine, B5 = Compost + bacteria (Azotobacter + P. fluorescens) + Sugar + CMC, and B6 = Compost + bacteria (Azotobacter + P. fluorescens) + Molasses + Arginine. The study results showed that the highest bacterial colonies were observed seven days after storage in treatment B2, reaching 156.33 CPU. The highest bacterial population growth in the first month was recorded in treatment B5; however, in months 2, 3, 4, and 5, treatment B2 exhibited the highest bacterial colony population. The pH remained more stable in treatments B2, B4, and B6. The highest nutrient content, including pH, N, P, K, and C/N ratio, was recorded in treatment B2, respectively, with values of 6.67, 2.49%, 2.04%, 1.77%, and 20.01. Findings in this study suggested the potential biofertilizer can be applied in the field to reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers to support sustainable agriculture.
Detection of Malathion in Ipomoea aquatica Using a Plasmonic Sensor Based on Ag-Modified Gold Nanobipyramids Iwantono, Iwantono; Morsin, Marlia; Yudani, Ananda Febri; Syajali, Hidayati; Ziliwu, Friska; Simbolon, Norsinta Ida; Nafisah, Suratun; Isda, Mayta Novaliza; Emrinaldi, Tengku
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i1.369

Abstract

Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide commonly used in agriculture to protect various crops, including Ipomea aquatica. I. aquatica is a widely consumed vegetable that is vulnerable to pests, such as caterpillars, which damage its leaves. Malathion is an insecticide effective against caterpillars on Ipomoea aquatica without affecting its internal tissues. However, excessive use of this pesticide may leave residues that pose risks to the environment and human health. This study aims to develop a plasmonic sensor based on silver-modified gold nanobipyramids (Ag-GNBPs) for malathion detection. This plasmonic sensor employs anisotropic gold nanomaterials, specifically silver-coated gold nanobipyramids, to enhance localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and improve detection sensitivity. Silver is used due to its high electrical conductivity and responsiveness to electrical and light stimuli. Ag-GNBPs were synthesized using the seed-mediated growth method, and their optical, structural, and morphological properties were characterized via UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, and FESEM. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum exhibited transverse (T-SPR) and longitudinal (L-SPR) surface plasmon resonance peaks at 500-600 nm and 700-900 nm, respectively. Testing involved adding the analyte to the solution and analyzing LSPR spectrum changes via UV-Vis spectroscopy. The observed LSPR peak shifts correlated with malathion concentration, with enhanced sensitivity due to silver modification. The results demonstrated that the plasmonic sensor based on silver-modified gold nanobipyramids not only detected malathion with high accuracy but also exhibited high sensitivity at low concentrations, which is essential for environmental monitoring and food safety applications. The optimal growth time for the seed-mediated growth method was 2 hours.
Thermal Properties and Cooling Simulation of Red Dragon Fruit Using the Finite Difference Method Maghfiroh, Lailatul; Sumarlan, Sumardi Hadi; Hammam, Hammam
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i2.317

Abstract

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) can be transformed into various processed products, such as chips, jam, and juice. However, thermal processing may significantly alter its physical and chemical properties. As the calorific properties vary among different fruits, this study aims to measure the thermal properties of red dragon fruit. By measuring its thermal properties, red dragon fruit can be processed with improved energy efficiency and optimized thermal management. This study aims to examine the thermal properties and perform a cooling simulation of red dragon fruit. The cooling simulation, based on one-dimensional radial thermal flow, was conducted using the spherical heat equation explicitly discretized by the Forward Time Central Space (FTCS) scheme within the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity of red dragon fruit were 3.827 kJ/kg oC, 9.18 x 10-4 cm2/s, and 0.34 W/m oC, respectively. The overall average coefficient of determination (R2) from the validation test of the simulation results was 0.9654.  Based on these findings, the one-dimensional (radial) discretized heat transfer equation model can be used to predict the temperature distribution in spherical fruit over time, based on its thermal diffusivity. However, this approach has limitations. Future research would benefit from measuring the thermal diffusivity of whole red dragon fruit and applying a three-dimensional discretized heat transfer equation to obtain more accurate results and minimize potential errors.
Evaluation of the Characteristics and Controlled Release of Citronella Essential Oil in Aromatherapy Necklaces via Sensory Analysis Asben, Alfi; Putri, Annisa; Kasim, Anwar; Sari, Dini Novita
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i2.347

Abstract

Essential oils, including those used in aromatherapy, are currently in high demand as consumers increasingly prefer products made from natural ingredients. Citronella oil, when used as aromatherapy, is intended to relieve headaches, enhance breathing, and produce a warming effect upon inhalation. Aromatherapy necklaces provide a convenient and portable method for delivering the benefits of essential oils. Encapsulation technology addresses the volatility of essential oils in aromatherapy gels by creating a controlled slow-release mechanism, enabling the gradual release of essential oils over a specified period. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of aromatherapy necklaces and assess the aroma intensity of citronella oil through sensory analysis. Sensory analysis was conducted using semi-trained and trained panelists. The aromatherapy necklace comprises a mixture of gels and emulsions containing encapsulated essential oils, formulated for immediate use. The sensory analysis results indicated that the addition of 10% essential oils yielded the highest scores for color and texture assessments (4.08 and 3.96, respectively), while the addition of 7.5% essential oils produced the highest score for aroma assessment (4.16). The aroma intensity decreased from a score of 6.00 on day 1 to 3.17 on day 7. The gradual and controlled decline in aroma intensity aligns with the intended purpose of the essential oil encapsulation process.
The Effect of Pesticide Residues on Environmental Quality in the Kromong II Watershed, Pacet District, Mojokerto Regency Putra, Dimas Ganda Permana; Fitriyani, Zenita Afifah; Ardiyanto, Fahrur Rijal; Dewi, Yuni Rosita; Khusumawati, Titik; Alfarisy, Fariz Kustiawan; Novita, Mega Darmi; Soesanto, Soesanto
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i2.348

Abstract

The river basin serves multiple ecological and socio-economic functions for the local community, particularly the Kromong II Watershed in Pacet District. A major issue in the upstream area of the watershed is the use of pesticides by local residents in agricultural land management. Excessive pesticide use leads to significant environmental residue accumulation. This study aimed to assess pesticide residue levels, evaluate the quality of irrigation water and soil fertility in rice fields, and map polluted locations using the ArcGIS 10.3 remote sensing application. The analysis was conducted at three designated research sites: Stations I, II, and III. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) was analyzed using the SNI 6989.72:2009 standard, while Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was measured following the SNI 6989.2029 method at the Mojokerto Regency Environmental Agency (DLH) Laboratory. Soil organic carbon (C-organic) was analyzed using the IKP-208 Organic Carbon Test, and total nitrogen (Total N) was determined through spectrophotometric analysis at the PT Graha Mutu Persada Laboratory. Metomil was analyzed using the Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) method, while Profenofos was analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The study found that the highest levels of BOD and COD were recorded at Station III, with values of 11.4 mg/L and 28.6 mg/L, respectively. The highest total nitrogen (Total N) concentration was observed at Station I, measuring 0.14%, while the highest soil organic carbon (C-organic) content was found at Station III, at 7.87%. The LC-MS analysis of methomyl residues showed the highest concentration at Station III, with a value of 0.002 mg/L in irrigation water samples. Similarly, the GC-MS analysis of Profenofos residues indicated the highest concentration at Station II, measuring 8.25 ml/L. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that pesticide residue pollution, particularly from Profenofos, is most severe in the irrigation channel at Station II.
Esterified Illipe Butter-Based Fatty Amine as a Bio-Based Multifunctional Additive for NR/BR Blends Reinforced with a Silica/Silane System in Green Tire Tread Development Fathurrohman, Mohamad Irfan; Puspitasari, Santi; Kinasih, Norma Arisanti; Arti, Dewi Kusuma
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i2.357

Abstract

The sustainable rubber industry, particularly in the tire sector, is supported by the use of biomaterials such as multifunctional additives. Fatty amine, derived from the esterification of illipe butter, is considered a promising bio-based multifunctional additive for the development of green tires. This research aimed to investigate the effect of varying dosage of fatty amine on the properties of green tire treads based on NR/BR blends reinforced with a silica/silane system. DPG and unmodified illipe butter were used as comparative references. The "magic triangle of tire performance" was employed as a benchmark for evaluating green tire tread performance. The result indicated that both unmodified illipe butter and fatty amine functioned as bio based multifunctional additives, specifically serving as a bio-plasticizer (filler dispersant) and fast-delayed bio-accelerator, respectively. Therefore, they have the potential to substitute DPG in rubber formulations. The combination of unmodified illipe butter and fatty amine at dosages of 2.5 and 1.25 phr, respectively, exhibited similar behavior by enhancing rubber-filler interaction. Consequently, they meet the desirable criteria outlined in the magic triangle of tire performance.
Green Tea Product Development: Integrating QFD with PLS-SEM, BMC, and AHP for Optimal Business Growth Azrifirwan, Azrifirwan; Husna, Irma Ayu Sahanatul; Ismanto, Sahadi Didi
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i2.378

Abstract

Green tea offers numerous health benefits; however, its market sales remain relatively low. PT Mitra Kerinci, the producer of the Likicha brand green tea, reported that only 38% of its annual production was absorbed by the market. This situation underscores the need for a strategic development plan to enhance sales performance. Therefore, an integrated approach combining PLS-SEM, BMC, QFD, and AHP methods was employed to formulate a strategy to increase the sales volume of Likicha green tea. This study aimed to identify consumer preferences for green tea products to develop a product strategy that enhances market absorption. The findings of this study indicate that consumer purchase intentions for green tea are influenced by health benefits, product packaging attributes, and price. A business mapping of the green tea industry was conducted to obtain a comprehensive internal and external analysis. The QFD data analysis identified technical requirements and prioritized component needs for improving green tea production. These results were then used to formulate criteria and strategic alternatives aimed at increasing green tea sales volume. The results indicate that product quality holds the highest priority among the criteria, with a weight of 64.3%. Among the strategic alternatives, sourcing high-quality tea leaves and optimizing processing methods emerged as the top priority, with a weight of 26.2%.
The Effect of Microwave Time and Power on the Tannin Extraction Process from Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) Using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Method Fakhruzy, Fakhruzy; Kasim, Anwar; Asben, Alfi; Anwar, Aswaldi
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i2.385

Abstract

Dry gambier extract obtained from gambier plants contains tannins at relatively low levels. Tannins can be obtained by extracting dry gambier using water to achieve high yields within a relatively short processing time. This study aims to analyze the interaction between extraction time and microwave power in the tannin extraction process from gambier using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method to maximize tannin yield.  The research method employed was a factorial design (AxB). Factor A was extraction time, consisting of five treatments (1; 2; 3; 4; and 5 minutes) and factor B was microwave power, consisting of five variations (180W; 300W; 450W; 600W and 850W). The results showed that the gambier extraction process using MAE demonstrated an interaction between extraction time and microwave power on the yield produced, but not on the tannin content. The most optimal temperature and power that can be used is 4 minutes at 600W microwave power with a yield of 44.66%. The treatment of temperature and microwave power in the gambier extraction process showed a significant interaction with the extract yield.
Acceleration of Organic Waste Decomposition: A Comparative Study of ASEM-7 Decomposer Efficiency on Several Organic Wastes Khalisha, Ana; Sari, Dwi Novanda; Sari, Stefina Liana; Sukmadewi, Rani; Pradipta, Adi Surya; Istyami, Astri Nur
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i2.394

Abstract

Effective organic waste decomposition is vital for sustainable waste management and agricultural productivity. This study investigates the efficacy of ASEM-7—a newly developed decomposer comprising a consortium of seven microorganisms—in accelerating the composting process and enhancing compost quality across various types of organic waste. Five treatment groups were evaluated: paddy straw; animal manure; fruit and vegetable waste; a mixture of fruit and vegetable waste with straw; and a combination of fruit, vegetable waste, straw, and manure. During the decomposition process, key physicochemical parameters— including pH, temperature, moisture content, organic carbon (C-organic), total nitrogen (N-total), and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio—were systematically monitored. The results demonstrated that ASEM-7 significantly enhanced composting efficiency compared to both EM-4 and control (no-decomposer) treatments, achieving optimal pH stabilization (7–8) at a faster rate. Additionally, ASEM-7 reduced moisture content and C/N ratios more effectively, indicating a higher degree of compost maturity. Compost treated with ASEM-7 also exhibited the lowest levels of organic carbon, reflecting superior decomposition efficiency. Although temperature levels remained below the threshold required for effective pathogen elimination, microbial activity successfully facilitated nutrient recycling. The microbial consortium—comprising Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Trichoderma sp.—demonstrated high efficacy in degrading recalcitrant organic materials such as straw and manure, thereby improving the compost's nutrient composition. By meeting key compost quality standards—organic carbon (≥15%), total nitrogen (≥0.5%), and a C/N ratio of 15–25—ASEM-7 effectively converts organic waste into high-quality compost. These findings underscore the importance of tailored microbial consortia in advancing sustainable waste management practices and enhancing soil fertility.
Low Maternal Seafood Intake During Exclusive Lactation Does Not Significantly Affect Milk Protein Content Sari, Ratna Nurmalita; Nuramaliyah, Nuramaliyah
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i2.395

Abstract

Human milk, which contains complex and highly variably biofluid that nourishes and protects the newborn, is the gold standard for infant nutrition. The biological activity of human milk is significantly influenced by proteins. However, the relationship between crude protein in human milk and the amount of milk consumed by mothers during the exclusive breastfeeding period has not been thoroughly investigated. In the current study, 194 healthy women who were exclusively breastfeeding participated in a cross-sectional study to collect human milk samples and complete a quantitative frequent food questionnaire (FFQ). The consumption of cereals, potatoes, sweet potatoes, leafy vegetables, fruits, other vegetables, legumes, nuts, eggs, meats, dairy products, and seafood was grouped based on the consumption of the mother the day before milk collection. The mid-infrared milk analyzer was used to analyze the samples and determine protein concentration. Using the t-test to analyze the impact of partial factors, and the F-test was employed to evaluate the influence of variables concurrently, at a 5% significance level. The statistical relationship between maternal diet and protein content was evaluated. Seafood consumption was categorized as low compared to other groups. Self-imposed maternal food restrictions may be the cause of the reduced seafood consumption. Human milk has an average protein level of 1.02 g/100 ml. According to the statistics, there was no significant correlation between the crude protein content of human milk and seafood consumption. However, a strong correlation was found between the consumption of eggs, legumes, and nuts, suggesting that these foods may impact on the protein content of human milk (p value <0.05). This finding would suggest that to improve the protein content composition of human milk, nursing mothers should consume more local, high-protein foods.

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