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Maria Viva Rini
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INDONESIA
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Published by Green Engineering Society
ISSN : 26214709     EISSN : 26212528     DOI : https://www.jaast.org/index.php/jaast/article/view
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology (JAAST) is an international journal, focuses on applied agricultural science and applied agricultural technology in particular: agricultural mechanization, food sciences, food technology, agricultural information technology, agricultural economics, agricultural statistics, bioinformatics, farm structure, farm power, agricultural machinery, irrigation and drainage, land and water resources engineering, renewable energy, environment, crop production, and crop protection.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 157 Documents
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Investigation of the Effect of Heating Duration in Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) Processing on Its Phytochemical Composition and the Resulting Characteristics of a Gambier-based Acne Balm Product Tio, Rilvi Muhammad; Rosyadah, Najla; Novizar, Novizar; Rini, Rini; Anggraini, Tuty; Ahmed, Umar; Refdi, Cesar Welya; Syukri, Daimon
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.443

Abstract

Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) contains potent bioactive compounds with strong natural antimicrobial properties, making it a promising ingredient for acne treatment. However, its application in topical formulations remains limited due to a lack of understanding regarding the impact of processing conditions, particularly heating, on its functional efficacy. This study investigated the effect of heating duration on the characteristics of an acne treatment balm formulated with black cube gambier. Experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD) were carried out for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes of heating durations to evaluate the balm's physical, chemical, and microbial properties. The results demonstrate that heating duration significantly influenced key parameters, including homogeneity, spreadability, melting point, irritation potential, texture, color, pH, total phenol content, and antibacterial activity (p < 0.05). The most optimal results were obtained at 120 minutes, yielding a balm with superior homogeneity, spreadability (4.47 cm), melting point (50°C), pH (7.44), total phenol content (54.28%), and diameter of the inhibition zone (16.35 mm). FTIR analysis confirmed an increase in phenolic compound stability, indicating enhanced antibacterial potential. These findings suggest that extended heating duration improves the stability and performance of gambier-based formulations. The optimized acne balm formulation highlights the potential of locally sourced gambier as a natural, eco-friendly acne treatment. Further research is recommended to evaluate product shelf-life, consumer acceptability, and industrial scalability.
Physicochemical Properties of Edible Films Prepared from Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) Starch Extracted through Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) Harni, Mimi; Novita, Rilma; Viza, Rivo Yulse; Muchrida, Yenni
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.447

Abstract

Plastic is a commonly used packaging material due to its cheap and wide availability, especially in the food industry. However, plastic is non-biodegradable, leading to a serious problem to the environment from its widespread use. Using starch-based edible films as an alternative to plastic packaging offers a solution to this problem. As opposed to conventional methods of starch extraction for edibles, modern methods such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) can improve the functional properties of starchThis research aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of edible films from starch extracted through MAE. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments based on the amount of added starch, namely, Treatment A (3%), Treatment B (4%), and Treatment C (5%). The results from these treatments were compared against control (without MAE). Observations were conducted in triplicate, including parameters such as solubility, thickness, water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), and water content. Treatment A (3%) was found to be the best treatment, with a solubility of 76.55%, a thickness of 0.243 mm, a WHC of 38.56%, an OHC of 36.67%, and a water content of 13.79%.
Characterization of the Chemical Components of Various Onion Species in West Sumatra Miati, Fenita; Azima, Fauzan; Syukri, Daimon
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.422

Abstract

Various types of onions have long been utilized as both culinary ingredients and traditional medications, yet comprehensive comparative data on their chemical composition and antioxidant potential in Indonesia are limited. This study provides the first integrated analysis of six onion species cultivated in West Sumatra, namely, shallot (A. cepa var. ascalonicum), garlic (A. sativum), common onion (A. cepa L.), Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia), chive (A. tuberosum), and leek (A. fistulosum L.). Physicochemical properties were determined through proximate analysis, antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay and expressed as IC₅₀ values, and lipid-based phytochemical profiles were obtained via Bligh and Dryer extraction, followed by GC–MS. Data were processed and visualized in RStudio. The results indicate that chive exhibited the highest moisture (93.57%) and fat (4.15%) contents, whereas Dayak onion contained the highest amounts of ash (6.29%) and protein (8.74%). Dayak onion exhibited strong antioxidant activity (84.85 ppm), whereas common onion, shallot, and leek demonstrated weak antioxidant activity. Cis-vaccenic acid was the dominant compound in shallot (37.59%) and leek (31.19%), and D-limonene was the dominant compound in Dayak onion (22.39%) and chive (21.16%). The study findings highlight that the Dayak onion is a promising indigenous source of natural antioxidant for functional food and herbal product development, while providing novel baseline phytochemical data for advancing onion bioactivity and biodiversity research.
Analysis of Constant Values of Leaves of the Durian Cultivars Monthong and Bawor Using Digital Image Processing Arfiyanto, Bayu Dwi; Ramadhani, Farchan Mushaf Al; Sajuri, Sajuri
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.462

Abstract

Durian (Durio zibethinus), particularly the cultivars Monthong and Bawor, is a leading horticultural commodity with high economic value. Accurate leaf area estimation is essential for supporting physiological studies and plant growth modeling. However, conventional measurement methods are often characterized by their slow and destructive nature. This study aimed to analyze and identify the constant (k) values of the leaves of durian cultivars Monthong and Bawor using a digital image processing approach. A total of 40 leaf samples from each cultivar were analyzed. Image acquisition was performed using a smartphone camera, while image processing and leaf area measurement were conducted with the ImageJ software. The leaf constant was calculated as the ratio of the digitally measured leaf area to the product of manually measured leaf length and width. The results showed that the mean leaf constant for Monthong durian was 0.702, while for Bawor durian, it was 0.691. These results exhibited narrow value distributions, devoid of any outliers. The correlation between the measured and predicted leaf area yielded very high coefficients of determination (R² of 0.997 for cultivar Monthong and R² of 0.999 for cultivar Bawor). Further statistical evaluation confirmed that the predictive model had very high accuracy, evidenced by its low RMSE values (≤ 1.059), an NRMSE of 0.01, an NSE of at least 0.997, and a Willmott’s index of agreement (d) of at least 0.999. These results indicate that leaf constant values derived from digital image processing can generate precise leaf area estimates and offer a fast, efficient, and non-destructive alternative to conventional measurement methods. In practical terms, this approach enhances precision agriculture by enabling more accurate monitoring of leaf growth dynamics, which is essential for crop management and yield optimization. This finding presents opportunities for further application across other durian cultivars and the broader adoption of similar methods in other plant commodities within the context of precision agriculture and plant growth modeling.
Analysis Bio-oil of Pyrolysis Production Process from Corn Cobs Novita, Sri Aulia; Putera, Perdana; Djinis, Musdar Effy; Ernita, Yuni
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.463

Abstract

Corn cobs are converted into bio-oil through pyrolysis using a simple pyrolysis apparatus at temperatures ranging from 300 to 400°C. This study evaluates the efficiency of the pyrolysis system, characterizes the compounds in corn cob bio-oil, and analyzes the economic viability of the method. The methods include the raw materials preparation (through drying and size reduction), development of bio-oil production equipment, implementation of pyrolysis and condensation processes, purification of the resulting bio-oil, compound analysis of the bio-oil, performance evaluation of the equipment, and engineering economic analysis. The successful production of high-quality bio-oil depends heavily on the precise and careful installation of all system components, including the pyrolysis reactor, smoke pipe, tar catcher, condenser, coil pipe, outlet pipe, liquid smoke container, water drum, and combustion furnace. The tool has a production capacity ranging from 0.89 to 0.96 kg per hour, with a coefficient of determination of 97.94%, and produced a yield of 32% to 34%. The bio-oil derived from corn cobs contained several compounds, including acetic acid, methyl ester, decenal, methyl 9,9-dideutero-octadecanal, phenol, 1-octanol, 2-butyl, 2-heptadecanone, myristaldehyde, octadecane, 1-chloro, and 1,9-tetradecadiene. The basic operating cost of the equipment is Rp 18,509.28 per kilogram, with a break-even point (BEP) of 238.43 kg per year. The basic production cost represents the minimum selling price required to achieve profitability. Biomass pyrolysis is a crucial thermal conversion technique with significant industrial and economic potential.
Effects of Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Kinetin on Chrysanthemum Plantlets in Vitro Sihotang, Saipul; Saragih, Magdalena; Sembiring, Swati; Sembiring, Riduan; Yanty, Dini Puspita; Tanjung, Denny Akbar; Afrida, Elli
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.315

Abstract

Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin play a crucial role in plant growth but must be used in correct proportions in order to produce the best outcomes. An optimal combination of both can enhance shoot, leaf, and root growth, whereas inappropriate doses may otherwise inhibit growth due to hormonal imbalance. This study examined the effects of the interaction between NAA and kinetin on the growth of chrysanthemum plants at eight weeks of age. The research was carried out using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in triplicate. The medium used was MS medium, supplemented with NAA at concentrations of 0–1.5 mg/L and kinetin at concentrations of 0–3 mg/L. The results indicate that NAA and kinetin positively influenced plant growth, but only when the optimal concentrations were applied. The best combination of NAA at 1.0 mg/L (N2) and kinetin at 3.0 mg/L (K3) produced the best results in terms of height (153 mm), number of leaves (31 leaves), number of roots (26 roots), and fresh weight (5.85 g). Increasing kinetin concentrations (K0-3) generally promoted plant growth, whereas excessive NAA concentrations (> 1.0 mg/L, N3) produced the opposite effect, likely due to toxicity or hormonal imbalance. The interaction between kinetin and NAA exhibited a synergistic effect up to a certain threshold, while excessive NAA application negatively impacted on plant development.
Comparative Study of Thermal Effects on Protein-Enriched Cassava Starch with Snakehead Fish and Mackerel Proteins Supriadi, Agus; Rachmawati, Siti Hanggita; Ridhowati, Sherly; Nugroho, Gama Dian; Saputra, Daniel
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.356

Abstract

Cassava-starch composites enriched with fish proteins offer a means to tailor texture and moisture management during thermal processing. We evaluated ten formulations (P1–P10) with varying proportions of snakehead fish and mackerel proteins and measured expansion, water absorption, color (ΔE*), and density. Expansion peaked at low protein ratios and subsequently declined: mackerel P2 reached 4.38 ± 0.96%, snakehead P1 reached 4.08 ± 1.40%, and both decreasing to 0.8% at P10. Water absorption also decreased with increasing protein, from 14.04 ± 0.93% (mackerel P1) and 11.67 ± 1.36% (snakehead P1) to 5.54 ± 2.16% and 4.10 ± 0.41% at P10, respectively. The water-absorption-expansion relationship was non-linear and best described by second-order polynomials (Snakehead: y = 0.0764x² − 0.8101x + 2.9686; R² = 0.978 and Mackerel: y = 0.0975x² − 1.4896x + 6.1685; R² = 0.960), indicating diminishing expansion gains at higher absorption. Apparent (saturated) density increased during soaking and plateaued at ~150 min; lower-protein formulations exhibited higher saturated density due to greater water uptake. Collectively, these results show that choosing the protein type and ratio enables targeted control of expansion, hydration, and density—mackerel favoring higher expansion at lower absorption, and snakehead providing a more gradual, controllable response—offering practical levers for designing fish-protein–starch products with desired textures.
Evaluation of the Physiological Quality of Rice Seeds (Oryza sativa) under Salinity and Pyrite Stress Conditions Laksamana, Hariy; Alhaviz, Alhaviz; Lestari, Sri Utami
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.429

Abstract

Salinity and pyrite are abiotic stress factors that can affect the physiological quality of rice seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salinity and pyrite stress on the viability and vigor of rice seeds. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors: salinity levels (0 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM NaCl) and pyrite dosages (0 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg). The observed parameters included germination, maximum growth potential, vigor index, growth speed, simultaneous growth, and growth rate. The results showed that salinity stress significantly affected the vigor index and growth speed, while pyrite stress only influenced the growth speed. The interaction between the two factors did not show a significant effect on all physiological quality parameters of the seeds. However, there was a tendency for a decline in germination percentage, maximum growth potential, vigor index, growth speed, and simultaneous growth. The combination of high salinity stress (100 mM) and high pyrite dosage (400 mg) caused more pronounced growth retardation, particularly after day 10. Although rice seeds were able to maintain tolerance at low to moderate stress levels, an increase in the intensity of stress from both factors could hinder water and nutrient absorption, thereby reducing overall growth performance. The findings of this study provide insights into the tolerance limits of rice seeds to salinity and pyrite stress, which can serve as a basis for managing suboptimal lands for more sustainable rice production.
Utilization of Banana Leaf Fiber as a Material for Making False Eyelashes Efrianova, Vivi; Pradana, Samul Martin; Yasmin, Nabilla; Khairani, Aulia; Syafri, Edi
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.460

Abstract

False eyelashes are essential tools used to enhance the appearance of the eyes in makeup application. However, most variants of false eyelashes currently available on the market are made from human hair and synthetic materials, which do not guarantee halal quality for Muslim consumers. This study aims to develop a new variant of false eyelashes made from halal-certified natural fibers. The false eyelashes are produced using natural fibers derived from the leaf sheaths of Musa paradisiaca (kepok banana), Musa textilis (abaca banana), and Musa sapientum (ambon banana), which are mechanically processed and crafted using a hanging netting technique, with designs adjusted to fit the shape of the eyes. Based on laboratory tests for tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, abaca banana fibers achieved the highest values at 72.49 g/tex and 1.85 g/tex, respectively. For fiber smoothness testing, kepok banana fibers scored the highest at 10.44 g/tex. In organoleptic tests, abaca banana fibers received the highest score for curliness at 66.7%; for lightness, both kepok and abaca banana fibers shared the highest score at 44.4%; and for neatness, kepok and abaca banana fibers again shared the highest score at 66.7%. In hedonic preference tests, kepok banana fibers scored 44.4%, abaca 50%, and ambon 60%. It can be concluded that false eyelashes made from the leaf sheath fibers of kepok, abaca, and ambon bananas are considered visually suitable for use in makeup based on organoleptic and hedonic evaluations. The results of this study contribute to the development of new variants of halal-certified false eyelashes in the cosmetic industry.
Additional Oil Palm Ash and Nitrogen Fertilizer as Soil Ameliorant for the Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaies guineensis Jacq.) in Pre Nursery Stage Enita, Enita; Eddiwal, Eddiwal; Ratnadewi, Ratnadewi
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.471

Abstract

Oil palm has high economic value and is one of Indonesia’s most significant contributors to foreign exchange. The management of oil palm seedlings is important in determining their growth and subsequent development in the field. Research on the application of oil palm ash and nitrogen fertilizer was conducted at the pre-nursery stage. This study aims to determine the effects of oil palm ash and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth performance of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery stage. The experiment employed a factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the dose of oil palm ash (A), consisting of A1 = 600 g/g/polybag, A2 = 800 g/g/polybag, A3 = 1000 g/g/polybag. The second factor was the dose of nitrogen fertilizer (N), consisting of N1 = 100 mg/polybag, N2 = 200 mg/polybag, and N3 = 300 mg/polybag. The results showed that the interaction between the dose of oil palm ash and nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected both fresh weight and dry weight of oil palm seedlings. The combination of 1000 g/g/ g/polybag of oil palm ash and 200 mg/polybag of nitrogen fertilizer produced the best growth, yielding 7.77 g/g/plant of fresh weight and 2.39 g/g/plant of dry weight. Based on observation of plant growth, the application of oil palm ash did not show a significant effect on plant height, leaf length, or number of leaves. However, the highest stem diameter was recorded in treatment A2 (0.77 cm), which was significantly different from treatment A3. In contrast, the application of nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 100 g per (N1) resulted in the lowest plant height (21.70 cm) and the shortest leaf length (17.36 cm), both of which were significantly different from the other treatments. The largest stem diameter was obtained in treatment N2 (0.79 cm), which was substantially different from N1. No significant differences were observed in the number of leaves among the treatments.

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