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Maria Viva Rini
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INDONESIA
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Published by Green Engineering Society
ISSN : 26214709     EISSN : 26212528     DOI : https://www.jaast.org/index.php/jaast/article/view
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology (JAAST) is an international journal, focuses on applied agricultural science and applied agricultural technology in particular: agricultural mechanization, food sciences, food technology, agricultural information technology, agricultural economics, agricultural statistics, bioinformatics, farm structure, farm power, agricultural machinery, irrigation and drainage, land and water resources engineering, renewable energy, environment, crop production, and crop protection.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 157 Documents
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The Impact of Withering Pre-Processing and Distillation Durations on Yield and Quality of Citronella Oil Ahmad, Usman; Dentaka, Dentaka; Krah, Courage Y.
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i2.397

Abstract

The global essential oil market is expanding rapidly, driven by demand from the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. This has positioned Indonesia as a key producer and exporter of citronella essential. However, inconsistent processing methods lead to variable quality and suboptimal oil yields. This study addresses this gap by investigating how withering duration (0-72 hours) and distillation time (2-4 hours) affect yield and quality of distilled oil from Cymbopogon nardus (Mahapengiri variety). The results show that the highest oil yield (1.14%) was achieved with 72 hours of withering followed by 4 hours of distillation, demonstrating that prolonged withering significantly enhances extraction efficiency by reducing moisture content and facilitating oil release from plant cells. Quality assessments revealed that extended processing improved key physical parameters, including density (0.8897 g/cm³) and refractive index (1.4694), which conformed to Indonesian export standards (SNI 06-3953-1995). Chemical analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated that optimal processing conditions increased the concentrations of citronellal (43.24%) and geraniol (21.73%), critical compounds that enhance the oil’s market value. However, longer distillation times also intensified the oil’s color, shifting it from clear to a deep yellow, which may influence consumer preference despite meeting industry chromatic standards. The study highlights the trade-offs between yield, quality, and visual characteristics in citronella oil production. These findings provide actionable insights for Indonesian producers aiming to optimize post-harvest techniques and improve the competitiveness of citronella oil in global markets.
Metagenomic Bioprospecting for Lignocellulosic Enzymes from Bacterial Communities of Humus Obtained from Natural and Man-Made Forests in Tomohon, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Mantiri, Feky Recky; Kairupan, Carla Felly; Sudewi, Sri; Mantiri, Vic Axel Daniel
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i2.421

Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass degradation is crucial for various industrial applications. Traditional enzyme discovery methods, limited by culturing constraints, fail to capture the vast enzymatic potential of uncultured microorganisms. Metagenomic bioprospecting provides a culture-independent avenue to explore this untapped genetic diversity. This research characterizes the microbial communities and their functional capabilities in a natural forest (Mahawu Mountain Forest, MMF) and a man-made forest (Tomohon City Forest, TCF) located in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, aiming to assess the influence of forest type on microbial ecological dynamics and lignocellulose degradation mechanisms. Comparative soil analysis revealed MMF had slightly alkaline pH (7.1), cooler temperature (21°C), and dark grayish-brown Andosol, while TCF exhibited a neutral pH (6.9), warmer temperature (23°C), and brown Andosol. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that TCF harbors greater bacterial richness (125 vs. 91 observed OTUs) and diversity (Shannon index 4.44 vs. 4.11), likely influenced by anthropogenic activities. Taxonomic profiling showed that Proteobacteria dominate both sites (MMF: 42.37%; TCF: 56.08%), with Actinobacteria significantly more abundant in MMF (34.08% vs. 5.84%). Functional prediction via PICRUSt analysis highlighted TCF’s enrichment in stress-responsive genes and ABC transporters, whereas MMF exhibited elevated lipid metabolism and specialized lignin-degradation pathways (e.g., 3-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation). These findings suggest that TCF's heterogeneous environment supports microbial versatility, while MMF's stable conditions promote specialization in decomposition. Both forests represent promising reservoirs for lignocellulolytic enzyme discovery, with implications for sustainable biotechnological applications. This study underscores the importance of forest management in shaping soil microbial communities and highlights the value of preserving natural ecosystems for future bioresource exploration.
Topsoil Thickness and Its Chemical Properties between Tea Plantation and Bare Land on Different Slopes Athallah, Faris Nur Fauzi; Wulansari, Restu
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.103

Abstract

Land degradation in Indonesia is often attributed to human activities and high rainfall. The existence of forest land clearing and conversion into non-agricultural land causes topsoil erosion and structural damage, reducing the capacity to hold water and nutrients. The phenomenon contributes to the degradation of tea (Camellia sinensis) plantation, showing the need to improve agricultural land by maintaining soil ecosystems. Therefore, this study aimed to compare soil from tea plantation with bare land on two different slopes based on the chemical quality at Gambung Tea Plantation, Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona. The selected land slope was gentle (0 - 8%) and steep (30 - 40%), producing four environmental combinations. Soil sampling was carried out in two different layers, at 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm. The experimental parameters observed were topsoil thickness, soil water content, pH, and soil nutrients. The results showed that in steep slope land conditions, tea cover crops maintained topsoil with a thickness of 15.01 cm compared to bare land. This corresponded to topsoil degradation of 19.6% compared to gently slope topographic conditions. In gently slope conditions, both types of land cover did not show significant differences. Tea plant cover maintained better soil water content and reduced soil N loss, although steep slopes showed lower soil nutrient content due to absorption.
The Impact of Biopesticide Application on Arthropod Composition in Surjan Cropping System in Kulonprogo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Wagiyana, Wagiyana; Suharto, Suharto; Habriantono, Bakhroini; Nurcahyanti, Suhartiningsih Dwi; Masnilah, Rachmi; Khozin, Mohammad Nur; Merina, Gusna; Ramadhani, Farchan Mushaf Al; Putra, Dimas Ganda Permana; Alfarisy, Fariz Kustiawan
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.298

Abstract

Surjan is a specific type of cropping system that is part of a local wisdom practice found in Kulonprogo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The cropping system employs a polyculture system with a raised-sunken bed configuration. In ancient times, this system was initiated as a conservation initiative in the event of drought. In the context of agroecosystems, defined as the interaction between biotic and abiotic components, arthropods serve as indicators of the biotic components of the agricultural environment. The presence of arthropods is influenced by the use of synthetic pesticides. In response to the use of synthetic pesticides, biopesticides are frequently used as a countermeasure. The present study aims to ascertain the impact of biopesticide applications on the composition of arthropods in agricultural land that utilizes surjan cropping system configuration. This study was conducted on the surjan cropping system in Kulonprogo Regency, which is predominantly characterized by the cultivation of rice and shallots. The biopesticide used in this study was a group of fungi, namely Trichoderma harzianum and Metarhizium anisopliae. These organisms function as bioprotectants and biofertilizers. The findings indicate that surjan cropping system, when accompanied by biopesticide utilization, yield a greater diversity of arthropod species in comparison to surjan cropping system that employs synthetic pesticides. In agricultural land with surjan system configuration and biopesticide applications, certain arthropods function as predators, parasitoids, and bioindicators. The most prevalent arthropod species identified is Verania sp. (Coleoptera; Coccinelidae), with a total of 68 individuals. The present study has yielded findings indicating a correlation between the application of surjan cropping system and the utilization of biopesticides in land cultivated with a specificcrops and the composition of arthropods in the environment.
Transesterification of Palm Olein to Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (POle-ME) Using Base Catalysts Utami, Ratri Retno; Saputra, Andri; Satwikanitya, Pani; Sya’bani, Muh Wahyu; Warmiati, Warmiati; Indahwati, Luthfi Auliya; Ilmannafia, Danuraja
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.344

Abstract

Palm olein esters are potentially convertible into epoxy oil, which can serve as a plasticizer. Palm olein can be reacted with alcohol in the presence of a base catalyst in a process named transesterification. This study aimed to investigate the application of palm olein to produce fatty acid methyl esters (POLe-ME) using sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide as catalysts, which are then evaluated for their potential as plasticizers. The research process involved selecting raw materials based on the iodine and acid numbers. Subsequently, transesterification was conducted using 1% base catalysts. The characterization of POle-ME included evaluating its acid number, iodine number, viscosity, fatty acid composition, and functional groups. The findings indicate that using a molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:6 and potassium hydroxide as a catalyst achieved the highest yield at 94.99%. The produced POle-ME exhibited a peak at 1436 cm-1, indicating the presence of a methyl ester functional group. The fatty acid composition of POle-ME consisted predominantly of oleic unsaturated fatty acid (C18:1) at 49.13%. Additionally, POle-ME exhibited an iodine number of 60.42, an acid number of 1.395, and a viscosity of 7.16 mPa·s, indicating its potential as a raw material for epoxy oil (plasticizer) production.
Sustainable Competitiveness of Red Onion through Collective Action of Farmers in West Sumatra Silfia, Silfia; Nicolas, Amelia R.; Fitri, Elfa Rahmi; Yulita, Resa; Chania, Lady
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.372

Abstract

The competitiveness and sustainability of agriculture are closely related to small-scale farming efforts. This research contributes to the transformation of individual farmers into a collective for small-scale farm enterprises, which face constraints necessitating the development of synergies. This is particularly relevant for red onion farmers in the high plains of the Gumanti Valley, Western Sumatra. The research questions are: How do the community's strengths sustain competitiveness and sustainability? What strategies can be formulated to enhance these aspects for the red onion farming community? The study aims to explore the strengths of onion farmers' communities and strategies to reinforce them, thereby promoting sustainability and competitiveness. Conducted in the agricultural area of the Gumanti Valley district of Solok Province from 2019 to 2020, this descriptive research employs CEEI, SWOT, and QSPM methodologies. The findings indicate that the competitiveness and sustainability of the red onion business have improved, with increases observed in collective innovation, supply chain management, and access to economic resources and opportunities, leading to enhanced income accumulation and profit sharing.
Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Selected Wild Medicinal Plants: Azadirachta indica, Acalypha indica, and Muntingia malabura Rizkita, Nadya; Sari, Diana Novita; Sutama, Daning Kinanti
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.387

Abstract

Azadirachta indica, Acalypha indica, and Muntingia calabura are wild plants with antioxidant content capable of treating various diseases. This study aims to evaluate phytochemical compound screening using qualitative tests and to characterize them using FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) in Azadirachta indica, Acalypha indica, and Muntingia Calabura, as well as to assess total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant potential. The results showed that Azadirachta indica and Acalypha indica contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, glycosides, steroids, and carbohydrates but lacked proteins and triterpenoids. In contrast, Muntingia Calabura leaf extract lacked glycosides, triterpenoids, and carbohydrates. The highest TPC content in Muntingia Calabura extract was 269.88±0.00 mg GAE/gr extract, and the highest TFC was found in Azadirachta indica extract at 676.34±21.85 mg CE/gr extract. The ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica and Muntingia Calabura leaves has very strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 32.76 ± 3.02 ppm and 31.16 ± 1.96 ppm, respectively, while Acalypha indica had an IC₅₀ value of 107.71 ± 3.55 ppm, indicating a moderate level of antioxidant activity. These results support the potential of the three medicinal plants as sources of natural antioxidants. The findings can stimulate further research to isolate key bioactive compounds and perform toxicity tests to support potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Analysis of the Chemical Content of Coconut Husk as a Raw Material for Furfural Production Arziyah, Dewi; Kasim, Anwar; Asben, Alfi; Busniah, Munzir
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.393

Abstract

Coconut-based production generates waste such as coconut husk, which contains up to 35% lignocellulose—a valuable raw material for furfural production. This study aimed to determine the impact of coconut maturity level and coconut husk section on the lignocellulose content in coconut husk. This study used a randomized group design with two factors: coconut maturity level and coconut husk section. The variables observed were moisture, extractive, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed for data analysis, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The coconut fruits used were immature and mature ones. This study analyzed the husk at the proximal end, equator, and distal end of the coconut fruit. The results show significant effects of coconut maturity level on the chemical composition of coconut husk at the three sections of the coconut, indicating coconut husk’s potential as a raw material for furfural production.
The Application of Nanotechnology-Based Liquid Organic Fertilizer for Improving the Quality of Hydroponically Grown Vegetables Fevria, Resti; Razak, Abdul; Vauzia, Vauzia; Putri, Santi Diana; Annisa, Silvy
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.398

Abstract

Hydroponics, a farming technique using nutrient-enriched water, has been widely practiced due to its suitability for limited agricultural land. One of the key factors affecting hydroponic efficiency is the nutrient blend, with AB Mix and liquid organic fertilizer playing a crucial role. This study aims to evaluate the potential of nanotechnology-based nutrient solution in hydroponic to enhance nutrient absorption and improve plant growth in different vegetable species. Five vegetable species, which include red lettuce, red spinach, green spinach, pakcoy, and kailan, were selected to assess the interaction between nutrient composition and vegetable species. A study with factorial design was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The primary factor was the fertilizer composition and the secondary factor was the type of vegetable. The treatments consisted of Control (Well water + AB Mix), P1 (Nanotechnology water + 100% AB Mix), P2 (Nanotechnology water + 25% nanotechnology liquid organic fertilizer + 75% AB Mix), P3 (Nanotechnology water + 50% nanotechnology liquid organic fertilizer + 50% AB Mix), P4 (Nanotechnology water + 75% nanotechnology liquid organic fertilizer + 25% AB Mix), and P5 (Nanotechnology water + 100% nanotechnology liquid organic fertilizer). Growth parameters measured included plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves, and leaf area. Data were evaluated using a two-way ANOVA to assess the effects of fertilizer composition and vegetable type, followed by a 5% DMRT test for mean comparison. The findings indicated that the use of liquid organic fertilizer technology influenced plant growth. The most optimal average growth was recorded in the P2 treatment (a combination of nanotechnology water, 25% nanotechnology liquid organic fertilizer, and 75% AB Mix), while the least favorable result was observed in P5 (nanotechnology water combined with 100% nanotechnology liquid organic fertilizer).
The Effect of Media Composition on the Growth of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Grafts Restanto, Didik Pudji; Antono, Moh Nuri; Setiyono, Setiyono; Muhlison, Wildan; Prayoga, Mohammad Candra; Zahro, Fauziatuz
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.413

Abstract

The fig plant is cultivated for its fruit due to its high economic value. Vegetative propagation can serve as an alternative for mass propagation of fig plants, such as grafting. Vegetative propagation of figs is conducted in several ways, including grafting and cuttings. The problems encountered in grafting are mainly caused by unsuitable media conditions. This research aims to determine the best composition of grafting media for fig plants. The study was conducted in Dwiwangsa Tin Garden Park, Sidomulyo Village, Krian District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. Rainfall at the research site was classified as dry season, with 0 mm in October 2023, 7 mm in November 2023, 150 mm in December 2023, 211 mm in January 2024, and 485 mm in February 2024. The research employed a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of nine media combination treatments. The treatments included soil medium, husk medium, husk charcoal medium, cocopeat medium, sawdust sewing powder medium, a combination of soil and husk medium (1:1), a combination of soil and charcoal husk medium (1:1), a combination of  soil and cocopeat medium (1:1), and a combination of soil and sawdust medium (1:1). Each grafting medium showed a different growth response in terms of root number. Based on the results, the husk charcoal medium produced the highest values, with 89.8 roots, root length of 7.24 cm, root diameter of 1.38 cm, root fresh weight of 5.22 g, root volume of 7.7 ml, and root dry weight of 0.37 g.

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