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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Cancer
Published by National Cancer Center-Dharmais Cancer Hospital
ISSN : 19783744     EISSN : 23556811     DOI : https://www.doi.org/ 10.33371
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Cancer is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal. This journal is published quarterly (in March, June, September, and December) by Dharmais Cancer Hospital - National Cancer Center. Submissions are reviewed under a broad scope of topics relevant to experimental and clinical cancer research. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted acceptance for publication. The journal publishes original research articles, case reports, and review articles under the following categories: cancer management, cancer prevention, cancer etiology, epidemiology, molecular oncology, cancer diagnosis and therapy, tumor pathology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, interventional radiology, as well as early detection.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 562 Documents
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Relationship Between Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) With Histopathological Grading, Tumor Size, and Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Breast Cancer at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Soedarso Hospital Pontianak Damayanti, Renita; Trianto, Heru Fajar; Pratiwi, Sari Eka; Suhardiman, Eko Rustianto; Fitrianingrum, Iit
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1164

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer has a high prevalence rate, with diagnosis often occurring at an advanced stage (stage III-IV), particularly in developing countries. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a prognostic factor that can be assessed based on histopathological features in relation to response to therapy. Furthermore, histopathological grading, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis are predictive factors for breast cancer prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TIL and other predictive factors, histopathological grading, tumor size, and axillary lymph node metastasis.Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. This research was approached by observing the 55 tissue slides of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) in breast cancer patients that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included breast cancer patients who underwent histopathological examination at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soedarso Hospital Pontianak in the period January until December 2021 with invasive carcinoma of no special type and had undergone Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) surgery. The exclusion criteria were patients with breast cancer recurrence and double primary cancer cases, and no data on tumor size was obtained on the results of histopathological examination. The data collected was then statistically analyzed with the Spearman test. Results: Breast cancer in this study was mostly diagnosed as grade III, T4, and N2. The results of the Spearman's rho correlation test showed that there was no correlation between TIL and the histopathological grading (p = 0.231; r = 0.164 ), tumor size (p = 0.507; r = -0.091), and axillary lymph node metastases (p = 0.842; r = -0.028).Conclusions: There is no statistically significant correlation between TIL and the grade, tumor size, and axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer at the anatomical pathology laboratory of Soedarso Hospital Pontianak.
The Influence of Online Self-Help Groups on Nutrition Management on the Nutritional Status of Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Sulistyawati, Ririn Afrian; Azali, Lalu Muhammad Panji; Nurlaily, Ari Pebru; Mustikarani, Innez Karunia; Faradisa, Elok; Rahmad, Muhammad Nur
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1228

Abstract

Background: Chemotherapy can result in toxicity that can affect the nutritional status of cancer patients. Symptoms that are side effects of chemotherapy include anorexia, changes in taste, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, and constipation, which can lead to inadequate food intake and consequently result in malnutrition in cancer patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of nutrition management of online self-help groups (SHGs) on the nutritional status of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Method: The research results indicated an increase in the number of patients with wellnourished status after the intervention, specifically from 42.9% to 54.3%, with a p-value of 0.046, signifying that there was an impact of the self-help group on the nutritional status of cancer patients.Results: There was a significant influence of online SHGs intervention on the nutritional status of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, this intervention can be considered as one of the alternatives for improving nutritional management in cancer patients. Conclusion: The identification of CA-125 levels in diagnosing ovarian cancer in ovarian tumor patients with suspected malignancy was a promising test with high diagnostic accuracy levels.
A Hepatoblastoma in Four-Year-Old: Diagnosis and Chemotherapy Treatment Destianti E, Eka; Indriyani, Fonna
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1253

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatoblastoma is a primary liver malignancy that often occurs in children under 5 years of age. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, the incidence of liver tumors in children is estimated to be 0.47 (0.24–0.65)/1,000,000/year. The International Society of Pediatric Oncology Liver Tumor Study states that childhood liver cancer may be sensitive to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy strategies rely on cisplatin, as it remains the most active single agent against hepatoblastoma. In this study, we aim to discover of diagnosis and outcome of hepatoblastoma patients treated with cisplatin chemotherapy. Case Presentation: This case reports a pediatric patient aged 4 years 3 months 13 days with complaints of an enlarged stomach. The results of physical examination, laboratory, radiology, and anatomical pathology results showed the presence of hepatoblastoma. The patient is currently undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy. Diagnosis of hepatoblastoma is based on clinical features, increased serum AFP levels, radiological images, and anatomical pathology. The International Society of Pediatric Oncology Liver Tumor Study states that childhood liver cancer may be sensitive to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy strategies rely on cisplatin, as it remains the most active single agent against hepatoblastoma.Conclusion: This study discusses the diagnosis and response to chemotherapy in hepatoblastoma patients. Given the limited data in this case, it is recommended to carry out further research regarding the side effects of chemotherapy for hepatoblastoma.
Psychological Distress, Uncertainty Intolerance, and Quality of Life of Patients with Cancer and Their Caregivers: A Comparative Study Rahma, Ainur; Effendy, Christantie; Lismidiati, Wiwin
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1300

Abstract

Background: Psychological distress and uncertainty intolerance in cancer patients are linked to various physical consequences and negative psychological impacts, such as increased symptom severity, disruption in daily life, and reduced quality of life. These issues also affect family caregivers of cancer patients. This study aims to describe the psychological distress, uncertainty intolerance, and quality of life in cancer patients and their family caregivers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 57 cancer patients and 57 caregivers at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta-Indonesia, in July-August 2023. Psychological distress was measured by using the Kessler Scale (K-10), uncertainty using the Intolerance Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and quality of life using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and SF-36. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Significant differences were found in uncertainty intolerance between patients and caregivers (p=0.001) and caregivers’ marital status (p=0.045). Quality of life varied among patients based on age, gender, marital status, cancer type, and treatment (p0.05). Caregivers’ quality of life differed by age in physical and emotional roles (p≤0.005). Conclusions: There is a significant difference between the intolerance uncertainty of cancer patients and family caregivers. Meanwhile, the quality of life of cancer patients and the quality of life of family caregivers have differences in each scale and domain in several of their demographic characteristics. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the trajectory of psychological distress and uncertainty intolerance over time.
An Overview of Antiemetic Prophylaxis for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Head and Neck Cancer Patients at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital Sari, Novita; Sauriasari, Rani; Putri, Risani Andalasia
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1361

Abstract

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are frequently experienced by cancer patients. One of the antineoplastic agents with high emetogenicity is cisplatin. Cisplatin is commonly used in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). Therefore, the use of prophylactic antiemetics is recommended. This study aimed to examine the use of antiemetics as prophylaxis for CINV in HNC patients.Method: This study is a cross-sectional, using retrospective data from medical record observations at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital. Purposive sampling was used to collect data on antiemetic use between October and December of 2023. All patients with HNC who were undergoing chemotherapy and receiving antiemetics as prophylaxis during this period were included in the study and analyzed descriptively.Results: A total of 177 chemotherapy cycles in 96 head and neck cancer patients included in this study indicated that the most commonly used prophylactic antiemetic was a combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone (83.1%). The experience of CINV occurred more frequently in the delayed phase, with nausea occurring in 64.4% and vomiting in 44.6%. The highest severity level of nausea occurred at grade 2 (50.8%), meanwhile vomiting occurred at grade 1 (55.9%).Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the use of 5-HT3 RA (ondansetron) and dexamethasone alone is not sufficient to reduce the CINV response, thus requiring additional therapy such as D-2 RA, PPI, and H-2 Blockers.
Intermittent Fasting- A Paradigm Shift In Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Scoping Review Khan, Dr. Mohd. Maruf; Mishra, Akanksha
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1230

Abstract

Background: Cancer, a dreadful disease, is one of the most prominent and prevalent causes of mortality across the globe. The well-being of every human society is impacted by this serious issue. Intermittent fasting has gained popularity due to its potential in enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatment and limiting its detrimental effects.Method: The literature review focuses on illuminating its beneficial role, suggesting that Intermittent fasting has the transformative potential to work as a complementary approach to cancer prevention and treatment.Results: It has been observed that fasting can protect normal cells from the damaging effects of chemotherapy while stimulating the regeneration in normal tissues.Conclusion: By elucidating its mechanisms of action and summarizing current evidence, this scoping overview aims to inform future research directions and clinical guidelines in the pursuit of improved outcomes for cancer patients.
The Anxiety Level of Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy at Universitas Andalas Hospital Trisno, Assyifa Azzahra Dwi; Hanum, Fathiya Juwita; Hendriati, Hendriati; Silvia, Nelmi; Pertiwi, Dian; Sy, Elmatris
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1247

Abstract

Background: Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for cancer. Radiotherapy works by using high-energy particles or waves, such as X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, or protons, to destroy or damage cancer cells. Anxiety is an emotional response that arises when a person experiences stress. Patients diagnosed with cancer will experience anxiety, and the anxiety increases in patients undergoing radiotherapy. Anxiety in radiotherapy generally occurs due to a lack of information, side effects of treatment, and radiation procedures. This study aims to determine the description of the anxiety level of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at Universitas Andalas Hospital.Method: This study is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach that examines the description of the anxiety level of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at Universitas Andalas Hospital. Anxiety levels were measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire.Results: The sample in this study was 62 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. The results of the study were obtained in the A-State section, 64.5% experienced mild anxiety, 27.4% experienced moderate anxiety, and 8.1% experienced severe anxiety. The results of the A-Trait section 53.2% experienced mild anxiety, 43.6% experienced moderate anxiety, and 3.2% experienced severe anxiety. The trait section of anxiety tends to be more severe than the state section.Conclusion: The anxiety level of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at Andalas University Hospital, A-State, and A-Trait is mostly at a mild level. The results of the study can be used as a source of information to consider a psychological approach to patient treatment. However, further researchers can analyze the relationship between variables that influence the level of anxiety
Characteristics of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients in the Inpatient Department of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 Arisa Putri, Amira Azra; Indra, Bima; Qodir, Nur
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1281

Abstract

Background: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy with a rising prevalence. Understanding patients’ sociodemographic characteristics is crucial for improving diagnosis and management. This study aims to provide information about the characteristics of thyroid carcinoma patients.Method: This cross-sectional study analyzed medical records of patients diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma in the Inpatient Department of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, from January 2020 to December 2022. Data collected included age, gender, residence location, main complaints, histopathological variant, disease stage at diagnosis, past medical history, family history, radiation exposure, and type of surgical intervention.Results: Most patients were aged 50-59 years (26.1%) and female (78.3%). The majority came from lowland (90.6%) and rural areas (64.5%). The most common main complaint was a neck lump (63.0%). Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most frequent variant (87.7%). Most patients were diagnosed at stage I (37.7%), and most patients underwent total thyroidectomy (84.1%). The most common past medical condition was goiter (76.8%). Additionally, 93.5% of patients had no family history of malignancy, and none had radiation exposure. Conclusion: Thyroid carcinoma patients at Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital are predominantly females aged 50-59 from lowland and rural areas. Most were diagnosed with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma at the early stages and underwent total thyroidectomy.
Stage, Grade, and Pre-Operative Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Associated with Mortality of Colorectal Cancer Patients at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Bali Ratmayanti, Made Ayu Laksmi; Sueta, Made Agus Dwianthara; Sudartana, I Ketut
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1377

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer is a world health problem with a high mortality rate and low survival rate. Previous studies have shown that factors such as age, histopathological type, TNM stage, and red cell distribution width (RDW) can influence patient mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the mortality of colorectal cancer patients at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Bali.Method: This is an analytical observational study with a case-control design in the Department of Digestive Surgery, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, from April to August 2023. This study included colorectal cancer patients aged 18, within a study period, and with known clinical outcomes. Patients with incomplete medical records and severe comorbidity were excluded from this study. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS ver 20.0 for univariate, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, bivariate, and multivariate tests.Results: This study collected 118 samples, divided into 59 dead patients (cases) and 59 living patients (controls). Most of the colorectal cancer patients who died were stage IV patients (62.7%), had higher pre-operative RDW values (15.91 ± 4.14), and 20.3% were poorly differentiated. Multivariate analysis showed that stage IV (p = 0.04), poorly differentiated grade (p = 0.04), and pre-operative RDW 13,575 ( 0.001) were independent factors of mortality in colorectal cancer patients. Conclusion: Stage, grade, and pre-operative RDW affected the mortality of colorectal cancer patients at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Bali.
Unveiling the Survival Gap: Addressing the Challenges of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adolescents Aisyi, Mururul; Kosasih, Agus Susanto; Utomo, Ahmad Rusdan Handoyo; Saputra, Fahreza; Sari, Teny Tjitra; Sjakti, Hikari Ambara; Dwijayanti, Fifi; Harimurti, Kuntjoro; Andriastuti, Murti
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1396

Abstract

Background: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) remains the most common pediatric cancer, yet survival outcomes vary widely across age groups. In Indonesia, comprehensive data on ALL survival rates are sparse, particularly for adolescents who often fare worse than younger children. The underlying factors contributing to the difference in adolescent survival rates still need to be fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the survival rates of children and adolescents with ALL treated at Dharmais Cancer Hospital.Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 94 ALL patients, including 37 adolescent patients and 71 patients with B-lineage ALL. All patients with ALL from 2021 to 2023 were identified. Children aged 1–18 years, diagnosed with ALL based on bone marrow results and not yet treated, are included in the study. Patients were stratified by risk stratification (Standard Risk [SR] vs. High Risk [HR]), lineage (B-lineage vs. T-lineage), and age group (children under 10 vs. adolescents 10 years and above). The survival curve was analyzed using the KaplanMeier method, and the log-rank test was used to assess and compare survival across groups.Results: The overall survival (OS) rate for ALL patients was 49.5%. Adolescents had a significantly lower OS rate of 23.2% compared to children. SR patients exhibited an OS rate of 95.7%, while HR patients had a 33.3%. B-cell lineage had a higher OS rate (59.8%) than T-cell lineage (15.9%). In B-cell ALL, OS was 61.4% in children but only 28.1% in adolescents. Conclusion: The survival rate for adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is significantly lower than that of children, influenced by risk stratification, lineage, and age. Further research is needed to identify these risk factors through genetic and molecular analyses.Conclusion: The survival rate for adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is significantly lower than that of children, influenced by risk stratification, cell type, and age. Unexplained factors, including lineage differences, remain a challenge in adolescents. Further research into genetic and molecular factors is essential to enhance treatment precision and improve survival rates for ALL patients in Indonesia, especially adolescents.Keywords: Overall Survival, Leukemia, Adolescent ALL, Stratification

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