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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Cancer
Published by National Cancer Center-Dharmais Cancer Hospital
ISSN : 19783744     EISSN : 23556811     DOI : https://www.doi.org/ 10.33371
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Cancer is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal. This journal is published quarterly (in March, June, September, and December) by Dharmais Cancer Hospital - National Cancer Center. Submissions are reviewed under a broad scope of topics relevant to experimental and clinical cancer research. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted acceptance for publication. The journal publishes original research articles, case reports, and review articles under the following categories: cancer management, cancer prevention, cancer etiology, epidemiology, molecular oncology, cancer diagnosis and therapy, tumor pathology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, interventional radiology, as well as early detection.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 562 Documents
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Comparison of the Effectiveness of Murottal and Mujawwad Qur’anic Auditory Stimulus in Reducing Anxiety in Breast Cancer Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study Susanti, Risqi Wahyu; Kadar, Kusrini S; Bahar, Burhanuddin
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1207

Abstract

Background: Patients suffering from breast cancer have increased anxiety which must be addressed immediately because it will impact the patient’s quality of life. The auditory stimulus of the Qur’an is one of the therapies to reduce anxiety. This study aims to determine the difference in reducing anxiety using the Murottal Qur’an auditory stimulus compared to the Mujawwad Qur’an auditory stimulus in breast cancer patients. Method: This research uses a quasi-experimental design. A sample of thirty respondents was recruited using an accidental sampling technique. A total of 10 respondents listened to Murottal (medium tempo), 10 listened to Mujawwad (slow tempo) for 30 minutes each for 3 consecutive days and 10 were in the control group. Anxiety measurement using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) consists of state anxiety which was measured 24 hours before the intervention, the first day, the second day, and the third day after the intervention, and trait anxiety which was measured 24 hours before and the third day after the intervention. The Kruskal Wallis test was carried out to compare the decrease in anxiety.Results: The results of this study show that the auditory stimulus of the Qur’an using either Murottal or Mujawwad can reduce anxiety with a value of p = 000.Conclusion: This study concludes that there is no difference between Qu’an Murottal and Mujawwad auditory stimuli in reducing anxiety, but both tempos can reduce anxiety in breast cancer patients, so it is recommended for health workers to provide complementary treatment using Al-Qur’an auditory stimulus therapy to reduce breast cancer anxiety
Fibrous Dysplasia in the Maxillary Bone: The Early Diagnosis of Progressive Pain with Facial Asymmetry Liemiyah, Rikha; Dewi, Anna Mailasari Kusuma; Antono, Dwi; Nugroho, Nur Iman; Muyassaroh, Muyassaroh; Kusumaningrum, Lely; Arsita, Cynthia
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1316

Abstract

Introduction: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a genetic, non-familial skeletal disorder, where in medullary bone is replaced by fibro-osseus tissue. Ninety percent of FD instances involve the craniofacial region, which usually involves one or more bones. The ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, maxillary, and temporal bones are the most affected, but the maxilla is most affected. Misdiagnosis and inappropriate diversity in investigations and therapies are frequently caused by the disease’s rarity and varying presentation to other specialties. This study aims to analyze the signs, symptoms, and laboratory-radiology examinations of suspected FD patients at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang so that it can increase the sensitivity of medical personnel in establishing this diagnosis based on the symptoms and signs complained of by the patient.Case Presentation: A case series study assessing three patients diagnosed with FD of the maxillae between January and December 2021 at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang. The study found 3 patients diagnosed with FD of the maxillae consisting of 2 males and 1 female. The initial complaints reported in all patients were progressive facial pain, thick sensation in the cheek area, and asymmetrical facial shape due to abnormal protrusions. Physical examination found an increase in facial volume with a hard consistency. CT scan evaluation obtained a sclerotic image with ground glass opacity in two patients and hyperostosis in one patient. Surgery with the Weber Ferguson technique was undergone by two patients, while one patient underwent the Weber Ferguson Technique + Zoledronic Acid for 6 cycles. Both patients who underwent Weber Ferguson technique surgery experienced recurrence related to symptoms in the form of pain and increased volume in the facial area within 2–4 weeks after surgery.Conclusions: Patients with complaints of progressive pain and asymmetrical shape in the facial area and physical examination found an increase in facial volume with hard consistency should be able to increase the suspicion of medical personnel regarding the diagnosis of FD. Further radiological examination with tissue histopathology should be performed to rule out or confirm the diagnosis of FD.
The Accuracy of Immunoscore and Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting 5 years Recurrence of Stage I-III Colorectal Cancer Kristianto, Yusak; Jeo, Wifanto Saditya
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1240

Abstract

Background: It is estimated about 30-50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience recurrence even after definitive therapy. Immune-based tests, such as immunoscore (IS) and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) are independent predictors of CRC recurrence and survival. NLR examination is more affordable, simple, and feasible compared to oncological panel examination IS. To this date, there have been no studies measuring the accuracy of both in predicting recurrence rates in CRC.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Siloam Kebon Jeruk Hospital and Mochtar Riady Comprehensive Cancer Centre (MRCCC) from July to December 2023, utilizing secondary data from medical records of stage I-III CRC patients, focusing on NLR and IS results, and outcomes. Statistical analysis comprised descriptive analysis, accuracy test, and hypothesis testing (bivariate) using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. NLR cut-off value was computed using the ROC curve. The comparison of NLR and IS test values was assessed through a comparison of ROC area (AUC). Measure of agreement between the two tests (NLR and IS) was done using Kappa statistics.Results: Out of 80 CRC patients, 26 patients experienced recurrence (32.5%), mostly in the first two years (53%), while 54 patients did not recur (67.5%). NLR (cut-off 6.6) showed sensitivity (46.2%), specificity (81.5%), and diagnostic accuracy value of 70%. Chi-square analysis indicated a significant relationship between NLR and recurrence (p-value = 0.020). IS showed sensitivity (7.7%), specificity (96.3%), and diagnostic accuracy value of 67.5%. Fisher’s Exact analysis showed no significant relationship between IS and recurrence (p-value = 0.592). The AUC value of both tests indicated that the accuracy to predict recurrence in CRC patients is not different/ same (p-value = 0.064). The Kappa statistic indicates a very high agreement between high IS and low NLR tests in predicting recurrence cases (p-value = 0.001).Conclusions: NLR and IS have the same weak accuracy in predicting stage I-III CRC recurrences, but NLR has a statistically significant association compared to IS. A combination of both tests showed a strong predictive role in tumor recurrence after curative surgery and can be applied in daily practice (postoperative surveillance).
Biocomputational Prediction of Anticancer Activity of Ayurvedic Plants Inhibiting Cyclin D1: Molecular Docking Study of the Major Active Compounds of Licorice Root Extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in Inhibiting Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Proliferation Iqbal, Mohammad
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1180

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) reported for 90% of oral cancer cases, causing 377,713 new cases and 177,757 deaths in 2020. Treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy affect patients’ lives. This study focuses on Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as an antineoplastic candidate targeting cyclin D1, crucial for cell proliferation in OSCC. It aims to predict licorice root extract (LRE) molecular mechanism against cyclin D1 and identify its most potent antineoplastic compound.Method: The observational research employs a 2D biocomputational method. Ligand and enzyme require 2D isolation, human enzymes at 2–4 Å resolution, and 90% favorable regions. LRE and cyclin D1 are acquired from PubChem, RCSB PDB, PyMol, and Biovia. PyRx performs molecular docking, yielding quantitatively ∆Gbind values in kcal/mol, which indicate anticancer potency (lower values signify better efficacy).Results: All common active compounds of LRE that have negative ∆Gbind values show that this compound can form bonds with the active site of cyclin D1 and inhibit its performance. The results of the molecular docking simulation also showed that 3 of the 9 LRE compounds had lower binding affinity values compared to the abemaciclib control, including glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin apioside, and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid. These three compounds have binding affinity values of -5.5 kcal/mol, -5.3 kcal/mol, and -5.4 kcal/mol, respectively the most effective as an antineoplastic is glycyrrhetinic acid. Conclusion: LRE had potential as antineoplastic against OSCC through cyclin D1 inhibition with the best being glycyrrhetinic acid.
Three-Month Follow-Up on Successful Treatment in a Cervical Cancer Patient with Chemoradiation Partial Response: A Case Report Saputra, Rudi; Andriansyah, Andriansyah; Ruslim, Samuel Kelvin; Raharjo, Eko Nugroho
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1202

Abstract

Introduction: The choice of therapy for cervical cancer strongly relies on the cancer stage. Stage IIB cervical cancer entails radiation therapy and chemotherapy, excluding surgery due to the risk of serious complications. This case is particularly interesting for discussion as the patient underwent a radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic lymph node dissection following chemoradiation, resulting in a partial response.Case Presentation: A 56-year-old woman presented with a complaint of continuous, progressive clear, and odorless fluid discharge from her birth canal, diagnosed with cervical cancer grade IIB. The patient underwent three cycles of cisplatin chemotherapy and radiation at a total dosage of 70.4 Gy over 38 sessions. Post-chemoradiation evaluation revealed a residual tumor with a diameter of 2 cm, and the patient underwent a radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingooophorectomy, and pelvic lymph node dissection.Conclusion: Surgery post-chemoradiation for cervical cancer in centers that don’t have any brachytherapy can be considered as an option, yielding positive effects with minimal side effects. Healthcare centers with limitations in brachytherapy can utilize EBRT boosters, which may be continued with surgery depending on the patient’s response to the earlier therapy.
Squamous Cell Lung Cancer with Cutaneous Metastases: A Case Report Haryati, Haryati; Tanjung, Efrilia
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1208

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of lung cancer accompanied by skin metastases ranges from 1% to 12%, with the highest occurrence observed in males with adenocarcinoma and large cell types are more frequent, whereas squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) exhibits a lower propensity for this behavior. Skin metastases are frequently indicative of a negative prognostic determinant. It may serve as the initial sign in highly unusual conditions.Case Presentation: A 60-year-old male who has smoked his entire life is experiencing a persistent dry cough and a solitary nodule located in the right mental area. The skin lesion had persisted for 1 month, exhibiting an enlarged size and a heightened ulceration. The chest CT imaging revealed the presence of a semisolid mass in the left lower lobe, measuring 11x7x15 cm, accompanied by lymphadenopathy in the left parahilar and subcarinal regions. Squamous cell cancer (SCC) has been identified from lung and skin biopsy. P40 was detected in the immunohistochemistry analysis. A regimen of systemic chemotherapy using carboplatin and docetaxel was initiated. He exhibited an unfavorable response to chemotherapy following two courses of treatment and died of the disease 5 months after the manifestation of symptoms.Conclusion: The occurrence of lung cancer with skin metastases, particularly SCC, is infrequent. Metastases should be taken into consideration as a potential diagnosis in patients presenting with skin lesions and a smoking history. The skin symptoms observed upon initial diagnosis indicate a poor prognosis, with a median survival period of 3 to 5 months. Early examination holds significant importance
Regulation of Survivin Gene Expression in Stem Cell and Cancer Stem Cells and Emphasis Approach Nihayah, Silviatun; Wanandi, Septelia Inawati
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1142

Abstract

Background: Gene expression regulation is a method that cells utilize to enhance or decrease the output of specific genes (proteins or RNA). In biological and medical research such as cancer, gene expression is routinely observed. Survivin is a protein that is commonly produced in cancer cells and has the potential to be investigated. Survivin is a unique protein with two distinct roles: preventing apoptosis and regulating cell division. The inhibitory apoptosis protein (IAP) family includes the smallest member. Furthermore, Survivin is highly expressed in a variety of somatic stem cell types as well as human embryonic stem cells. Comparing most cancer cells to normal tissues, survivin is also present in higher amounts. This review aimed to examine the properties of survivin, how it is expressed in cancerous and normal stem cells, how it affects proliferation or apoptosis, and how to block their expression. Methods: The literature on the regulation of survivin expression in cancer cells and stem cells that was published in English between 2014 and 2024 is reviewed in this study. For articles, we looked through PubMed, Scopus, and the Google Scholar database. In order to support the theories, publications from before 2014 were also tracked down.Results: Molecular mechanism studies indicate that survivin participates in numerous signaling pathways, including MAPK, STAT3, b-catenin, Wnt, Notch, and others, and also controls the progression of the cell cycle and cytokinesis. Several elements, such as signaling pathway blockage siRNA technology, and CRISPR/Cas9 system have been discovered to aid in the induction of cancer cell death. Conclusion: Survivin is linked to several cancer survival-related pathways, contributing to carcinogenesis. Its expression is associated with treatment resistance, tumor development, and poor prognosis.
A Systematic Review of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor on Osteosarcoma Patient: The Hope of Decades-long Struggle? Sampe, Samuel Hobarto; Suriasa, Deodatus Theodorus; Rante, Su Djie To
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1209

Abstract

Background: Osteosarcoma, a very aggressive tumor, is the most common malignant bone tumor in all ages, mainly affecting children and adolescents. For the last 40 years, we haven’t seen any real breakthrough in treatment modalities, as a result, the current survival rate and outcome of osteosarcoma have remained stagnant since the 1980s. Currently, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), as a part of targeted therapy and precision medicine, has emerged as a potential treatment modality. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate its efficacy and safety on osteosarcoma.Methods: A comprehensive search of multiple scientific databases such as PubMed, CENTRAL, ScienceDirect, and Scopus was conducted up to February 2024. The selection process included all retrievable clinical trials of TKIs in osteosarcoma patients. Results: Nine studies involving 288 patients were finally evaluated. TKIs show clear efficacy in advanced osteosarcoma. All TKIs tested were able to surpass the standard of median progression-free survival (PFS) of more than 4 months and were considered to have positive outcomes. It is also shown that TKIs will perform even better in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. In terms of safety, the majority of adverse events are mild (grade I - II), and serious adverse events are manageable. There were no treatment-related deaths, further indicating the well-tolerability of TKIs. Conclusions: This systematic review shows that TKI is a promising therapeutic modality for patients with advanced osteosarcoma. Adverse events of TKIs are mostly mild, and manageable. TKIs may be the hope of our decades-long effort to discover a novel therapy and increased survivability of advanced osteosarcoma.
Epidemiology Profile of Stage IV Ovarian Cancer in Dharmais National Cancer Hospital: An Observational Study Tadjoedin, Hilman; Suryana, Kresna Dharma; Hanafi, Widyorini Lestari Hutami; Kunigara, Manika Putri; Shiba, Alyssa Fairudz
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1308

Abstract

Background: Stage IV ovarian cancer showed a low 5-year survival rate, around 31%. Regrettably, the unclear symptoms and the ineffectiveness of early detection result in many patients being diagnosed with stage IV. Moreover, establishing a stage IV diagnosis is challenging and tricky. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical, laboratory, histopathological, and survival characteristics of stage IV ovarian cancer patients.Method: A cross-sectional study with a descriptive observational design, 100 of 1520 subjects gathered from the Cancer Registry of Dharmais National Cancer Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022, conducted on stage IV ovarian cancer patients who were not accompanied by primary cancer at other sites.Results: Among the 100 study subjects, 76.0% were aged 40–60 years, with a median age of 49.5 years. Most had a normal nutritional status (39.0%) or were underweight (34.0%). Comorbidities were present in 40.0% of the subjects, with hypertension being the most common (57.5%). The initial symptoms were abdominal enlargement in 74.0% of subjects, with 43.0% reporting shortness of breath. Laboratory examinations revealed that the majority had hemoglobin levels 10 mg/dL (90.0%), serum creatinine levels 1.2 mg/dL (90.0%), and D-Dimer levels 2000 ng/ mL (69.0%). Histopathological analysis identified high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) in 24.0% and clear cell carcinoma in 19.0% of subjects. The most common metastatic sites were the pleura (44.0%), liver (41.0%), and lungs (25.0%). Around 48.0% and 41.0% had surgery only and surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively. The majority of the outcomes (91.0%) indicated that patients with stage IV ovarian cancer did not survive and the median survival among the subjects was 4 months.Conclusion: The majority of stage IV ovarian cancer patients were aged 40–60 years, with abdominal enlargement as the initial symptoms, elevated D-Dimer levels, HGSC as the predominant histopathological type, and a high mortality rate as the outcome. Further research is recommended to explore additional variables and analyze factors contributing to mortali
Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein-Albumin Ratio and Metastasis in Breast Cancer Hazmi, Mohammad Zul; Panigoro, Sonar Soni; Yulian, Erwin Danil; Nugroho, Nyityasmono Tri; Agustina, Amilya
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1224

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a type of malignancy with the highest number of cases in the world and Indonesia. The C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (RCA) is a simple, feasible, and objective breast cancer serum marker representing inflammatory and nutritional status. There are not many studies regarding the relationship between RCA and breast cancer metastasis, especially in the advanced-stage case population in Indonesia.Method: Study with a cross-sectional design in 180 breast cancer patients stage III and IV at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, who were diagnosed in 2018 until 2023. Comparative analysis of the RCA values between the groups with and without metastasis was carried out using the Chisquare test. All statistical test results are considered significant if the p-value is 0.05.Results: A receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) is a graphical analytical technique used to assess the effectiveness of a binary diagnostic classification method. The ROC area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.713 (IC 95%; 0.638–0.789) and significance 0.001, with the RCA cut-off value was 0.515 with sensitivity 74.4% and specificity 67.8%. The high RCA proportion was 53.3%. There is a significant relationship (p-value 0,001) between RCA level and the risk of metastasis in breast cancer patients. Liver and lung metastases of breast cancer are the most frequent locations. Conclusion: The CRP-albumin ratio has a significant relationship with the incidence of metastasis in breast cancer

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