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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Cancer
Published by National Cancer Center-Dharmais Cancer Hospital
ISSN : 19783744     EISSN : 23556811     DOI : https://www.doi.org/ 10.33371
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Cancer is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal. This journal is published quarterly (in March, June, September, and December) by Dharmais Cancer Hospital - National Cancer Center. Submissions are reviewed under a broad scope of topics relevant to experimental and clinical cancer research. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted acceptance for publication. The journal publishes original research articles, case reports, and review articles under the following categories: cancer management, cancer prevention, cancer etiology, epidemiology, molecular oncology, cancer diagnosis and therapy, tumor pathology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, interventional radiology, as well as early detection.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 562 Documents
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How Often is Microcarcinoma Thyroid Found in Non-Neoplastic Thyroidectomy Specimen? Eight Years of Experience in an Indonesian Academic Hospital Fauziah, Dyah; Kurniasari, Nila; Agustin, Leonita
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i4.1101

Abstract

Background: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTmC) is a subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma characterized by a tumor that is no larger than 10 mm. This tumor is frequently discovered by accident during autopsies or in thyroidectomy specimens for other thyroid disorders. This study was conducted to ascertain the incidence of incidental PTmC in thyroidectomy specimens and analyze the clinicopathological characteristics.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Pathology archives of thyroidectomy specimens between 2012 and 2019 in a single institution were collected. Cases with fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) before surgery were also studied. The clinical information was retrieved from medical records. Results: 1459 patients underwent thyroid surgery. The clinical diagnosis in 706 cases was neoplasm and in 753 cases was non-neoplasm. There were 697 cases of malignant thyroid tumors. Forty-two cases of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were found, with 85.71% affected females, with the male-to-female ratio was 1:6. The majority of PTmC were clinically diagnosed as benign lesions with multinodular goiter as the most common diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration biopsies were performed on 18 patients. There were 2 cases found in laryngectomy specimens for laryngeal cancer. There were 2 cases presented initially as metastasis nodules in lymph nodes and the lung, respectively.Conclusions: PTmC comprises 6.03% of all malignant thyroid neoplasms and is mainly found incidentally in thyroidectomy specimens for benign thyroid lesions with clinical diagnosis as multinodular goiter. The male-to-female ratio is 1:6. Regional and distant metastasis are not common in PTmC.
Potential of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and Serum Interleukin-17 for Evaluation of Lung Cancer Therapy Based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Permatasari, Adinda Pramitra; Setyawan, Ungky Agus; Rakhma, Sastia; Djajalaksana, Susanthy; Wardoyo, Arinto Yudi Ponco
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 4 (2024): December
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i4.1127

Abstract

Background: Lung cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world due to delays in diagnosis. Non-invasive Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) method to diagnose and monitor the progressivity of lung cancer. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has an important role in the progression and treatment of lung cancer. Objective evaluation of chemotherapy using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1). This study aims to determine the relationship between VOC, IL-17, and lung cancer chemotherapy response based on RECIST at Saiful Anwar General Hospital, East Java.Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 47 lung cancer patients received first-line chemotherapy pre and post-three series of chemotherapy. Exhaled breath was collected with Tedlar Bags and then analyzed with µβreath for VOC. IL-17 in blood serum is determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman tests.Results: There were significant in VOC Components (p 0.05) Formaldehyde (CH2O), Toluene (C7H8), Acetone (C3H6O), Hexane (C6H14), Methane (CH4), RECIST non-target lesions, and new lesions pre and post-three series of chemotherapy but not found in IL-17. Acetone (C3H6O) pre and Methane (CH4), IL-17 post-three series of chemotherapy based on RECIST Overall Response (OR) found significant. The analysis showed a positive correlation between Formaldehyde (CH2O) pre and Methane (CH4), IL-17 post-three series of chemotherapy based on RECIST OR, but a negative correlation between Acetone (C3H6O) pre-chemotherapy. Conclusions: There was a significant decrease in formaldehyde, toluene, hexane, methane and an increase in acetone in lung cancer patients pre and post-three series of chemotherapy. There was a significant relationship between formaldehyde, acetone pre-chemotherapy, and methane, IL-17 post-three series of chemotherapy based on the RECIST overall response
Prognostic Factors of Recurrent Cervical Cancer Stage IA2–IIA2: A Post-Surgical Treatment Analysis Argy, Gabriella; Nuryanto, Kartiwa Hadi; Hellyanti, Tantri
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i4.1141

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common female reproductive organ malignancy. Despite the prompt diagnosis and proper management based on the disease’s stage, the recurrent rate remains high, ranging from 18 to 44.3%. Prognostic factor detection may be the first step in reducing recurrent disease. To our knowledge, there are no studies that report the recurrence rate of cervical cancer and the prognostic factors in Indonesia yet. This study aims to report the recurrent rate of cervical cancer stage IA2–IIA2 and the prognostic factors.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Histopathology results from 382 cervical cancer stage IA2–IIA2 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were reviewed. Bivariate analysis was performed to compare recurrent disease based on 7 prognostic factors: lymph node status, tumor size, depth of stromal invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), parametrial involvement, histology type, and vaginal resection margin status.Results: Most cervical cancer patients with stage IA2–IIA2 were more than 40 years old, with a mean age was 52 years. The recurrent rate was 12%. Prognostic factors that were significantly associated with recurrence were tumor size ≥ 4 cm; RR 2.242 (95% CI 1.161–4.332) and LVSI; RR 2.037 (95% CI 1.039–3.994).Conclusions: The recurrence rate of cervical cancer stage IA2–IIA2 in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital was 12%. Prognostic factors that were significantly associated with recurrence were tumor size ≥ 4 cm and LVSI.
Myeloid Sarcoma in the Sinonasal Cavity with Orbital Involvement: A Case Report Fitriani, Dianli; Murti, Krisna; Eriza, Eriza
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i4.1185

Abstract

Introduction: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a tumor mass that arises outside of the bone marrow area and is composed of either mature or not myeloid blasts of white blood cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with an imminent blast crisis, and other underlying undiagnosed myeloproliferative disorders are frequently linked to MS, an uncommon disease. Without a history of leukemia, MS is difficult to diagnose and might be misdiagnosed for lymphoma or undifferentiated carcinoma. For patients, correct tissue diagnosis based on immunohistochemistry and histomorphology is important.Case Presentation: Here, we present a 27-year-old woman who had a surgical procedure in The Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery with the chief complaint of right nasal congestion and growing right eye protrusion. A solid mass in the right sinonasal region with infiltration into the retrobulbar area was confirmed by a head computed tomography (CT) scan. Cells with small to medium-sized cells, finely distributed chromatin, tiny nucleoli, and sparse cytoplasm were examined under a microscope. These cells were grouped in diffuse, linear, or Indian file patterns. Microscopic examination revealed morphology of myeloid tumor. Immunohistochemistry analysis emphasized the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. The patient then had chemotherapy, comprising of six cycles of docetaxel and carboplatin. After completing chemotherapy, a reduction in the size of the tumor mass was observed.Conclusions: MS was diagnosed based on histological, radiographic, and immunohistochemical studies. Additional immunohistochemistry analysis testing is necessary to rule out a number of differential diagnoses when diagnosing MS in patients without a history of leukemia or hematological malignancy. The positive expression of myeloid markers such as CD68, CD15, CD33, and CD34 supports a diagnosis of MS.
GATA3 Expression in Breast Carcinoma: Associations with Clinicopathological Features Sriwidyani, Ni Putu; Dewi, I Gusti Ayu Sri Mahendra; Sinaga, Naomi Juliana; Dewi, Ni Putu Wulan Tantri
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i4.1183

Abstract

Background: Breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease, morphologically and molecularly. GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is an important marker in breast cancer origin. GATA3 expression and its prognostic value in breast carcinoma are inconsistent. Tumor budding is a small cluster of malignant cells in the invasive edge of the tumor. Breast carcinoma with highgrade tumor budding has an unfavorable prognosis. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between GATA3 expression and clinicopathological parameters in breast carcinoma including with tumor budding grade. Another objective of this study was to determine the association between GATA3 expression and other clinicopathological factors with nodal status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving breast carcinoma patients at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital during the year 2022 who underwent mastectomy and axillary node dissection. GATA3 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and categorized into weak and strong expression. Tumor budding was evaluated in Hematoxylin Eosin slides and categorized into low and high grades. The association between GATA3 expressions and clinicopathological parameters, and the association between GATA3 expression and clinicopathological parameters with nodal status, were assessed with a chi-square test with a significance level determined at p 0.05. Results: There were 61 breast carcinoma patients with mastectomy and axillary node dissection that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. GATA3 expression was significantly associated with the histological type (p = 0.012) and molecular subtype (p 0.001) of the tumor. There was an association between nodal status and molecular subtype of tumor (p = 0.012), tumor stage (p = 0.005), and tumor budding grade (p = 0.024), but there was no association between GATA3 expression and nodal status (p = 0.066). Conclusion: GATA3 expression is associated with the histological type and molecular subtype of tumor in breast carcinoma, but not with nodal status. Nodal status was associated with molecular subtype, T stage, and tumor budding grade of tumor.
Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes of HER-2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients from Provincial General Hospital Dr. M. Djamil Padang Putri, Rizqy Nurfathonah; Harahap, Wirsma Arif; Asri, Aswiyanti
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 4 (2024): December
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i4.1176

Abstract

Background: Human Epidermal Receptor-2 (HER-2) is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family that can be overexpressed or amplified in 15–20% of breast cancer cases. This overexpression or amplification is associated with excessive proliferation and differentiation resulting in more aggression and shortened disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Treatment strategies rely on several factors, including targeting the specific status of biomarkers like HER-2, one example is Trastuzumab. This study aims to evaluate trastuzumab treatment in HER-2 subtype breast cancer patients who received trastuzumab therapy for 6 months compared to patients who did not receive trastuzumab therapy in terms of DSF and OS from 2017 until 2022.Methods: This research employed a retrospective descriptive study using secondary data of 126 patients taken from the medical records of the Provincial General Hospital Dr. M. Djamil Padang and the Cancer Registry of the Indonesian Society of Surgical Oncology, Padang. The inclusion criteria for this study were data on breast cancer patients with HER-2 positive who received trastuzumab therapy for 6 months and patients who did not receive trastuzumab therapy. Patients have complete data including name, gender, age, immunohistochemistry results, and their classification can be determined. This study used univariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier for survival analysis methods.Results: The results of this study showed that the highest age group was over 50 years, the most common histopathological subtype was invasive Carcinoma Mammae of NST (Non-Special Type), and the most frequent TNM stage was Stage II. Patients who received 6 months of trastuzumab therapy had disease-free survival of 46 months (95% CI 39.95–51.15) and an overall survival of 53 months (95% CI 49.19–57.24). In the early stage, the disease-free survival rate was 56 months (95% CI 38.89–56.60), while in a locally advanced stage, the disease-free survival rate was 39 months (95% CI 51.52–61.21).Conclusions: There was a prolongation of disease-free survival and overall survival rates when trastuzumab therapy was given for 6 months. The prognosis of HER-2-positive breast cancer patients in the early stage was better than patients in the locally advanced stage.
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and NeutrophilLymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a Promising Predictor for Advanced Stage Events during the Follow-Up Period in Hepato-Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients Zenjaya, Kellyn Trycia; Biutifasari, Verna; Yudadi, Redemptus; Wibowo, Prajogo
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 4 (2024): December
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i4.1186

Abstract

Background: Tumor microenvironment has shown the role of inflammation in its progressivity. The heterogeneity of prognosis at the same TNM stage makes it difficult to classify patients who are more at risk of developing advanced stages. This study aimed to provide a deeper insight into the potential of cheap inflammation markers based on the Systemic ImmuneInflammation Index (SII) and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) to predict the advanced stage during the follow-up period in patients with hepato-gastrointestinal cancer.Methods: Case-control research was conducted using 120 data of patients with hepatogastrointestinal cancer (Colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), cholangio carcinoma (CCA)) taken from patient medical records. The patients were divided into case and control groups based on the presence of advanced stage events during the follow-up period that were further classified by the NLR and SII value. The advanced-stage events were analyzed and compared between the two groups using Chi-Square and logistic regression analysis to perceive the predictive value of each ratio. Results: Patients with advanced-stage hepato-gastrointestinal cancer had higher NLR and SII than patients without advanced stage (p 0.001). The group of patients with advanced stages had an average NLR of 18.45 and an SII of 6588.13. The group of patients without advanced stages had an average NLR of 5.12 and SII of 1545.01. The cut-off value was determined using the ROC curve, for NLR was 6.48 (92.5% sensitivity and 71.2% specificity), and for SII was 2264.24 (92.5% sensitivity and 76.2% specificity).Conclusions: NLR and SII are cheap markers and have considerable potential for predicting advanced stage during the follow-up period in patients with hepato-gastrointestinal cancer. SII is more accurate as a predictor than NLR. These tools can be very useful in identifying the high-risk patients among the same TNM stage.
Incarcerated Pelvic Floor Peritoneal Hernia After Abdominoperineal Resection (APR): How To Prevent? Prakosa, Yovan Indra Bayu; Setyawan, Nurcahya; Yushinta, Milleninda Pasca
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1218

Abstract

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. One of the procedures that is often performed in cases of distal rectal cancer is abdominoperineal resection (APR) procedure that leaves the pelvic cavity with an empty space. This condition increases the possibility of pelvic floor peritoneal hernia. We present a rare case of this condition and provide information regarding prevention and treatment.Case Presentation: A male, 74 years old, with recurrent constipation following APR, was retrospectively analyzed. Abdominal CT scan 6 months after surgery showed no residual tumor. On final arrival, he came with typical signs of total small bowel obstruction. Abdominal x-ray results showed signs of small bowel obstruction. The results of the operation found an incarcerated pelvic floor peritoneal hernia. The surgical procedures performed were entrapment release and hernia repair with a peritoneal flap. Complaint of obstruction sign improved two days postoperatively.Conclusion: Pelvic floor peritoneal hernias should not be forgotten in patients who experience recurrent constipation in postoperative APR. Recurrent constipation is caused by a herniation of the small bowel in the hernia sac. Chronic constipation should be considered an abnormal cause of obstruction. Poor wound healing processes cause the neck of the hernia to narrow and cause an incarcerated hernia. Closure of the pelvic floor needs to be restored post-operatively
Parotid Gland Oncocytoma and Its Clinicopathological Approach: A Case Report Dewi, I Gusti Ayu Sri Mahendra; Sudarsa, I Wayan; Mahastuti, Ni Made; Patriawan, Putu; Paskarani, Putu Erika; Heryanto, Budi
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1233

Abstract

Introduction: Oncocytoma is a benign tumor of the salivary glands consisting of oncocyte cells, occurring in approximately 2% of all salivary gland neoplasms, most of which occur in the parotid gland. This tumour most commonly occurs in the sixth to eighth decades of life, with a mean age of 64 years and without gender predilection. The clinical presentation is often misdiagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma, cystic lesion, and inflammation.Case Presentation: A 63-year-old male, complained of a lump under the right ear, for 7 years ago. It feels painless and slightly enlarged since a month before surgery. Based on clinical examination suspected as benign cystic lesion due to inflammation and ultrasound suggesting a benign tumour mass with multiple lymphadenopathies at the right and left submandibular and right parotid. Then, the resected tumour continued for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the tumor cells are confined to the tissue. It consists of a uniform large polygonal cell with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm without any mitosis and necrotic area.Conclusions: Oncocytoma is a rare benign tumor of the salivary glands, especially affecting the parotid gland. Clinical and radiologically it is often misdiagnosed, so histopathological examination is needed for diagnostic confirmation for the best patient outcomes
Cerebrospinal Fluid Profile in Suspected Leptomeningeal Metastases in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital and Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital Aninditha, Tiara; Maulina, Lisa; Andriani, Rini; Susanto, Eka; Ranakusuma, Teguh; Sofyan, Henry Riyanto
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v19i1.1286

Abstract

Background: Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are a condition in which malignant cells spread to the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, with an increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is an important examination, with cytology as the gold standard for detecting malignant cells in CSF. We aim to describe the CSF profile (i.e. protein, glucose, cell count, and cytology) in detecting malignant cells among patients with suspected LM in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital and Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021. Method: A multicenter cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to describe the CSF profile in suspected LM from January 2018 to December 2021. Suspected LM cases were established from clinical and radiological findings. The lumbal puncture was performed in those suspected LM cases. Clinical manifestations, radiological data, tumor type, some aspects from CSF routine analysis (i.e. protein, glucose, cell count), and lumbar puncture frequency were described. Their correlation with CSF cytology was analyzed. Results: There were 153 subjects with abnormalities on CSF routine analysis (75.2%), consisting of CSF cell count 5/uL (47.1%) with a median of 5 (1–3504)/uL, CSF protein 45 mg/dL (52.9%) with a median of 50 (5–820) mg/dL, and CSF glucose 50 mg/dL (15%) with a median of 68 (3–629) mg/dL. The positive CSF cytology result was 20.3%. Positive CSF flow cytometry immunophenotyping in hematological malignancy with suspected LM was 25.6%. There was a significant correlation between the increase in CSF cell count, hematological malignancy, and MRI results with CSF cytology (p 0.001; p = 0.03; p = 0.03). There was no significant correlation between clinical manifestations and lumbar puncture frequency with CSF cytology.Conclusion: Abnormalities in CSF routine analysis were found in the majority of subjects with suspected LM, but the CSF cytology positivity rate was considered low. The presence of varied clinical symptoms and repeated lumbar punctures didn’t increase the likelihood of positive CSF cytology

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