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Bayu Brahma
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Cancer
Published by National Cancer Center-Dharmais Cancer Hospital
ISSN : 19783744     EISSN : 23556811     DOI : https://www.doi.org/ 10.33371
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Cancer is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal. This journal is published quarterly (in March, June, September, and December) by Dharmais Cancer Hospital - National Cancer Center. Submissions are reviewed under a broad scope of topics relevant to experimental and clinical cancer research. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted acceptance for publication. The journal publishes original research articles, case reports, and review articles under the following categories: cancer management, cancer prevention, cancer etiology, epidemiology, molecular oncology, cancer diagnosis and therapy, tumor pathology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, interventional radiology, as well as early detection.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 611 Documents
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Targeting T Cell Metabolism for Tumor Therapy: A Review Wijaya, Cinthya Karlina; Iswanti, Febriana Catur
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 20, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v20i1.1426

Abstract

Background: Immunometabolism explores the connection between metabolism and the immune system. T cells require nutrients like glucose, lipids, and amino acids for proper function, but tumors compete for these resources and create a suppressive microenvironment that weakens T cell activity. This article examines how T cell metabolism affects antitumor immunity and whether targeting metabolic pathways can improve cancer treatment. Methods: A narrative review was conducted by searching databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords such as "T cell metabolism AND cancer immunotherapy." The review focused on high-impact journals and included peer-reviewed articles, review papers, and experimental studies published in the last 10 years. Excluded studies were non-peer-reviewed, outdated, or unrelated to T cell metabolism in cancer. Key data were extracted, categorized into themes like metabolic pathways, immunosuppressive mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies, and critically analyzed. Results: The review highlights the essential role of T cell metabolism in antitumor immunity. Tumors create a nutrient-deprived environment that inhibits T cell function, competing for nutrients like glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Additionally, tumors express checkpoint receptors and immunosuppressive molecules that further reduce T cell activity. Recent research focusing on metabolic reprogramming to enhance T cell resilience, with strategies like boosting glycolysis, optimizing lipid metabolism, and targeting regulators like mTOR, shows promise. Combining these metabolic interventions with existing immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors, is gaining attention.Conclusions: The review emphasizes the importance of T cell metabolism in overcoming tumor-induced immunosuppression. Metabolic reprogramming, especially enhancing glycolysis and targeting metabolic regulators, can improve T cell activity and antitumor responses. Combining these strategies with immunotherapies offers promising potential, though further research is needed to refine approaches and address clinical challenges.
An Atypical Cardiac Tale: Malignant Pericardial Effusion in Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor Dachlan, Noorsasiwi; Windy, Jubilette; Romolo, Harvey; Kurniawati, Sri Agustini; Cahyanti, Dian; Treswari, Galuh Ayu; Hadiningrat, Raden Belva Devara
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 20, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v20i1.1441

Abstract

Introduction: Despite the clinically silent feature of malignant pericardial effusion, if left untreated, it may lead to a life-threatening complication such as cardiac tamponade. This case report highlights an atypical case of pericardial effusion as a complication of a patient with an extragonadal germ cell tumor.Case Presentation: A 19-year-old male presented with breathlessness that worsened when lying flat and a cough. The patient demonstrated sinus tachycardia and low-voltage QRS in electrocardiography. Initially, the chest radiograph only showed a mediastinal mass and pleural effusion, but transthoracic echocardiography eventually revealed a massive pericardial effusion with mildly reduced ejection fraction (40%). Laboratory tests showed elevated β-HCG and LDH levels. A pericardiectomy was performed on this patient, and the biopsy revealed a mediastinal extragonadal germ cell tumor. The patient’s condition improved after the procedure, and the ejection fraction was normalized (67%).Conclusion: Invasion of the pericardium and the resulting malignant pericardial effusion by EGCT is an atypical phenomenon. The silent and nonspecific clinical manifestation, which also often overlaps with other conditions, may pose a challenge for physicians. Echocardiography has shown a pivotal role in helping physicians achieve early detection and timely intervention for malignant pericardial effusion.
Exploring Differences in Attachment and Love Styles Among Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy Fazri, Akhmad Miftahudin; Sihombing, Aaron Tigor
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 20, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v20i1.1408

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy in men, often treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which can lead to significant adverse effects, including changes in psychological well-being and relationship dynamics. This study explores how ADT affects attachment styles and love attitudes in PCa patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis involving PCa patients treated at the Department of Urology between July and October 2022. 150 patients completed questionnaires assessing demographic profiles, the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), and the Love Attitude Scale (LAS). Data evaluation was executed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the Independent t-test, Pearson’s chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.Results: PCa patients undergoing ADT were compared with those not receiving ADT, with significant differences in education level, employment status, age, and marital duration (p 0.05). PCa patients receiving ADT exhibited increased amounts of anxious (49.3%) and avoidant (48%) attachment styles compared to the non-ADT group, which showed a predominance of secure attachment (50.7%). The ADT group favored the Mania (22.7%) love style, while the non-ADT group exhibited Agape (34.7%) love styles. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in attachment and love styles between the groups (p 0.001).Conclusions: Prolonged ADT is associated with shifts towards insecure attachment and obsessive love styles, adversely affecting emotional well-being. Future research should focus on the role of testosterone levels in these dynamics.
High-Grade Osteosarcoma Arising in Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia of the Skull: A Rare Case without Prior Radiation Exposure Iftikhar, Shehla; Shafiq, Sunnia; Kanwal, Shagufta; Manzoor, Hina; Ahmad, Hafiz Khush Naseeb
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 20, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v20i1.1455

Abstract

Introduction: Osteosarcoma is an uncommon, aggressive bone tumor that seldom develops in the skull, particularly when fibrous dysplasia is present, and there has been no previous radiation exposure. In fibrous dysplasia, malignant transformation is usually associated with radiation therapy, McCune-Albright syndrome, or polyostotic illness. Improving patient outcomes requires early diagnosis and action.Case Report: We present a 35-year-old male who developed progressive right mandibular edema and pain. A well-defined lesion with a combination of sclerotic and osteolytic features was seen on imaging. A biopsy revealed fibrous dysplasia and high-grade osteosarcoma coexisting. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection. The histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis, and the surgical process was uneventful. A favorable prognosis was suggested by follow-up evaluations that revealed neither metastases nor local recurrence.Conclusion: This case was reported to highlight the possibility of high-grade osteosarcoma arising from monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the skull, even in the absence of radiation exposure or systemic risk factors, an exceedingly rare but clinically significant occurrence.
Association between Body Mass Index and Clinical Features of Fibroadenoma Mammae in Hospitals at Jakarta and Tangerang in 2020-2024 Kasvana, Kasvana; Shalmont, Grace; Drew, Clement; Indarto, Fanny
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 20, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v20i1.1498

Abstract

Background: Fibroadenoma mammae (FAM) is the most common benign breast tumor in women of reproductive age. Although generally non-malignant, its presentation as a palpable lump often causes concern among patients. Several risk factors have been associated with the development and clinical behavior of FAM, including hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors. Among these, body mass index (BMI) has been suggested as a potential modifier of tumor characteristics. However, studies exploring the association between BMI and the clinical presentation of FAM, particularly in the Indonesian population, remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the association between BMI and clinical characteristics of FAM, specifically tumor location, number, and size. Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design involving 269 female patients diagnosed with FAM at two hospitals in Jakarta and Tangerang, conducted from 2020 to 2024. Inclusion criteria were women with a confirmed diagnosis of FAM based on ultrasound and/or histopathological findings. Clinical characteristics such as tumor location, number, and size were recorded. BMI was classified according to WHO standards. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, with a significance level set at p 0.05. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24.0.Results: The majority of patients had a normal BMI and were within the productive age range. Most FAM cases presented as solitary tumors smaller than 3 cm located in one breast. A statistically significant association was found between BMI and tumor size (p = 0.0001), with overweight-obese individuals more likely to present with larger tumors. However, no significant association was observed between BMI and either the number or location of tumors (p 0.05).Conclusions: TThis study highlights a significant association between BMI and the size of FAM, suggesting that increased body weight may influence tumor growth. Future research should use prospective study designs that specifically collect and analyze data on potential confounders to determine whether BMI is an independent predictor of FAM size. These findings underline the importance of considering BMI in clinical evaluation and patient counseling.  
Navigating Delays: A Study on Diagnostic and Treatment Intervals in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Ezra, Moza Azzaria; Rafli, Rhandyka
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 20, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v20i1.1402

Abstract

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presents significant diagnostic and treatment challenges in Indonesia, where delays are common. This study aimed to describe patient characteristics, symptom profiles, diagnostic and treatment delays, and contributing factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in October and November 2023, involving 67 NPC patients. Data were collected through a self-administered Google Form distributed through cancer survivor communities and oncology networks. The survey included demographic information, symptom history, treatment timelines, and contributing factors. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the 67 patients, 62.7% were male, and the most common age group was 36–45 years. Most were diagnosed at stage IV (59.7%) and resided in West Sumatra (55.2%). The median diagnostic delay was 20 weeks, and the median time to first and second treatment was 6 weeks. Patient-related factors, such as lack of knowledge (77.6%), contributed to diagnostic delay, while healthcare-related factors (68.7%) caused treatment delays. Conclusions: NPC patients in this study experienced substantial diagnostic and treatment delays. Key contributing factors include limited symptom awareness, psychological barriers, and service access limitations. Efforts to reduce delays should focus on public education, improved healthcare infrastructure, and reducing financial barriers.
Acupuncture Therapy for Side Effect Management in Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy: A Case Report Natalia, Zellah Fransisca; Mihardja, Hasan
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 20, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v20i1.1454

Abstract

Introduction: In addition to reducing tumor size, radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients can lead to several negative effects, such as dysphagia, xerostomia, and mucosal infections. The prevalence of dysphagia due to head-neck radiation reaches 60% to 75%. If this condition is not treated properly, it will cause malnutrition, reduce the quality of life, and increase mortality rates. Therapy for post-radiation side effects of the head and neck generally uses medications. However, the price is quite high and may cause additional side effects. This case report aims to provide another alternative to treat post-radiation side effects without additional side effects and to prevent complications due to the side effects of head and neck radiationCase Presentation: A 54-year-old male patient had complaints of hypersalivation and dysphagia after radiotherapy due to sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. This complaint was accompanied by the presence of blisters and hard yellowish plaques in the patient's mouth. The patient came to the acupuncture clinic with a pain score of 5, as measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), drooling severity and frequency scale (DSFS) was 4, and quality of life score of 2 and 53.08 by the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). He received manual acupuncture therapy on the face, ears, neck, hands, and feet with a frequency of twice per week and a duration of 30 minutes per session, for a total of 12 sessions. After complete acupuncture therapy, the pain decreased from NRS 5 to NRS 0, DSFS 4 to DSFS 1, and quality of life from MDADI 2 and 53.08 to MDADI 5 and 72.68. These results lasted until the end of follow-up at week 4 without side effects.Conclusions: Acupuncture can reduce complaints of post-radiotherapy head and neck side effects, especially dysphagia and hypersalivation. Also, improve the quality of life of cancer patients.
Primary Renal Ewing’s Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors: Case Series of a Rare Entity and Review of Literature Parameswaran, Prashanth; Vallathol, Dilip Harindran; Sandhya, Saroja; NTK, Thanseer; Warrier, Narayanankutty
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 20, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v20i1.1429

Abstract

Introduction: Primary renal Ewing’s sarcoma/ Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (EWS/PNET) is extremely rare. The previous literature on these is limited to case reports and series. This case series aims to bring out a rather rare entity of renal Ewing’s sarcoma, which was diagnosed at an earlier stage than previously described in the literature. Case Presentations: We hereby report a series of 3 cases of renal EWS/PNET that we encountered at our institute and had different clinical characteristics and outcomes compared to previously reported data. The treatment given was in line with that of Ewing’s sarcoma occurring at other sites. One of our cases was an elderly individual, while the other two were from younger age groups. Ewing’s sarcoma usually has a better prognosis when compared to other sarcomas affecting the skeletal/soft tissue system. But the prognosis of extra-skeletal EWS is usually intermediate when compared to skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma, as many are diagnosed at an advanced stage. In contrast, our cases were diagnosed at an earlier stage. The diagnosis is usually made through biopsy, and staging is with a positron emission tomography scan. The treatment paradigms include intensive systemic chemotherapy and definitive therapy, which may include surgery, radiotherapy, or both. One patient of ours expired due to disease progression, and the other is doing well on follow-up. The third patient was lost to follow-up after initial investigations.Conclusion: The diagnosis is typically based on histology, immunohistochemistry, and the identification of specific molecular translocation. Potent treatment regimens are urgently needed to improve prognosis in this group of patients.
Factors That Influence Endometriosis to Become a Malignancy: A Narrative Review Kusuma, Fitriyadi; Masrie, Marshaly Safira; Suryoadji, Kemal Akbar
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 20, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v20i1.1431

Abstract

Endometriosis frequently affects women of reproductive age, and epidemiologic studies suggest it may be linked to an elevated risk of malignancy. Specific histopathological criteria characterise endometriosis-associated malignancy (EAM). Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) accounts for about 80% of EAM occurrences, with the remaining 20% occurring outside the ovaries. Genetic mutations, including PTEN, ARID1A, and p53 alterations, are identified in endometriosis and EAM. Factors such as postmenopausal status, older age, and hypoestrogenic conditions have also been linked to higher risks of EAM and EAOC. Due to EAM's rarity, comprehensive data remains limited. This review examines current EAM research, focusing on EAOC and its clinical relevance.
Mature Anterior Mediastinum Teratoma Manifesting as a Neck Mass in an Adult Male: A Rare Case Report Setiawati, Dea Alberta; Soewoto, Widyanti
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 20, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v20i1.1450

Abstract

Introduction: Mediastinum tumors are a group of tumors that grow in the mediastinum. Teratomas of the anterior mediastinum are a rare case in adulthood, accounting for only 1-3% of all teratomas. While mature teratoma in the mediastinum is typically benign, it can grow significantly large and invade vital structures such as the esophagus and trachea, and can be misdiagnosed as a neck mass. This case highlights the importance of thorough evaluation in diagnosing mediastinum tumors that involve both the cervical and thoracic regions to prevent misleading diagnoses.Case Presentation: This report discusses the case of a 33-year-old male initially diagnosed with a thyroid tumor. However, upon further examination, it was found that the mass originated from the anterior mediastinum, compressing and displacing the trachea, esophagus, and thyroid gland, necessitating surgical excision involving a multidisciplinary team. In addition to the removal of the tumor, partial esophageal wall excision and a gastrostomy procedure were performed to maintain nutritional flow during the healing process.Conclusions: Mature teratoma in the anterior mediastinum can cause compression and invasion of vital structures. A thorough evaluation in diagnosing mediastinum tumors that involve both the cervical and thoracic regions should be done. This case underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to prevent misdiagnosis and long-term follow-up to monitor the potential for recurrence or malignant transformation in patients with mediastinal tumors.

Page 61 of 62 | Total Record : 611

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