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Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 24072354     EISSN : 24770612     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/psr
Core Subject :
Aims Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), an international, peer-reviewed, open access, and official journal from Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, aims to disseminate research results and findings in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices. Major area of interest is natural products in drug discovery and development. We also consider other areas related to pharmaceutical sciences and practices. PSR publishes content in English language to promote the sharing of knowledge to international scholars. PSR publish 5 types of articles: 1. Original article 2. Case report 3. Case series 4. Review article 5. Mini review article Scope Researches in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices which are covered by PSR are within these subject areas: - Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Pharmaceutical Technology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Clinical Pharmacy - Pharmacology-Toxicology - Social and Administrative Pharmacy, including Pharmacoeconomy
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 355 Documents
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Identification of Adverse Drug Reactions in Congestive Heart Failure Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Lupitaningrum, Dita Marina; Ramdaniah, Putri; Yuliana, Depi
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a progressive health problem with high mortality and morbidity and has the potential to develop adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of potential ADRs, the types of drugs that cause ADRs, the types of ADRs, and the risk factors that affect the ADRs in CHF patients. Data were collected using medical record of hospitalized patient at the West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Provincial Hospital, Indonesia, in 2017 to 2019. The assessment of the causality and severity of ADRs used the Naranjo algorithm and the Hartwig and Siegel scale. This study used 325 CHF patients’ data. Of 325 CHF patients, 223 patients (69%) were recorded as having ADRs with 446 total cases of ADRs, consisted of 4 (0.9%) highly probable, 187 (41.9%) probable, and 255 (57.2%) possible. The drugs that cause ADRs with a highly probable status are bisoprolol and ramipril. The most ADRs categories were level 1 (76.0%), followed by level 2 (17.3%), level 3 (6.5%), and level 4A (0.2%). The most affected organ systems were the muscles, joints, and nervous system (n=136, 37.7%), followed by renal, and gastrointestinal system. No association between ADRs with several risk factors, such as gender, age, and comorbidities. The prevalence of ADRs in CHF patients in this study was 69%, with the highly probable category in causing ADRs were bisoprolol and ramipril. ADRs that mostly occurred were in the mild category. ADRs monitoring in CHF patients is especially important to achieve optimal therapeutic results.
Artificial Intelligence toward Personalized Medicine Gifari, Muhammad Wildan; Samodro, Pugud; Kurniawan, Dhadhang Wahyu
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 2
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Abstract

In current medical practice when a patient feels symptoms he/she would consult the doctor. The doctor then gives medication in a one-fits-all fashion. However, recent genetics studies had shown that different genetic makeup can results in different effects on medication, so the medication should be customed for every individual. The main idea of “personalized medicine” is to provide the right intervention including medication to the right patient at the right time and dose. With this approach, the medication paradigm would shift from curative to preventive. The rise of personalized medicine had been possible because the information from ever-increasing biomolecular (proteomics, genomics, and other omics) and health-related data are successfully “mined” by Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. In this paper, we proposed that AI systems toward personalized medicine must have acceptable performance, be readily interpretable by the clinical community, and be validated in a large cohort. We examined a few landmark papers with the keyword “AI for personalized medicine application”; 1) automatic image-based patient classification, 2) automatic gene-based cancer classification, and 3) automatic health-record heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patient phenotyping. All the examples are evaluated by their performance, interpretability, and clinical validity. From the analysis, we concluded that AI for personalized medicine could benefit by five factors: (1) standardization and pooling of genetics and health data, nationally and internationally, (2) the use of multi-modalities data, (3) disease specialist to guide the development of AI model, (4) investigation of AI-finding by clinical community, and (5) follow-up of AI-finding by the large clinical trial.
Drug Repurposing and Dosage Form Development of Anti-COVID-19 Kwok, Kevin
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 1
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has been occurring approximately for more than 1 year. This pandemic has been a health issue that hits all countries in the world caused by the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus from one individual to another. The symptoms showed from the infected are fever, shortness of breath, dry cough, headache, and sore throat, among others. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted through sneezing, coughing, talking, and touching infected objects. Along with this transmission, the SARS-CoV-2 virus will continue to mutate. This mutation becomes an obstacle as well as a challenge to find drugs that can overcome the SARS-CoV-2 virus effectively and safely. The drugs used as anti-COVID-19 are still limited. The steps taken in the process of discovering and developing anti-COVID-19 drugs were through the drug repurposing approach because of the advantages it provides, such as shortens the duration and minimizes the costs required. After several drugs that have potential as anti-COVID-19 were obtained, further research on the development of dosage forms and formulas was carried out to obtain more effective and safer anti-COVID-19 drugs. This review aims to discuss several drugs gained from drug repurposing that have the potential as anti-COVID-19 drugs such as remdesivir, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, corticosteroids, and other potential drugs. This review will also discuss several developments of dosage form from the repurposed drugs.
Insights into Molecular Interaction of Flavonoid Compounds in Citrus Peel Bound to Collagenase and Elastase Enzymes: A Computational Study Priani, Sani Ega; Fakih, Taufik Muhammad
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 2
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Abstract

Citrus peels contain various phytochemical active compounds such as flavonoids that are useful for antiaging cosmetic products. This study was conducted to identify the anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities of flavonoid compounds in citrus peel and to determine the molecular interaction mechanism using the molecular docking method. The study was carried out through several stages, including preparation of enzyme macromolecules, preparation of flavonoid compound molecules, validation of molecular docking, identification of binding-free energy, visualization of interaction conformations, and predictions of molecular skin toxicity. The result showed that the flavonoid compounds in citrus peel (hesperidin, naringin, nobiletin, and tangeretin) could bind to collagenase and elastase enzymes. Naringin has the highest affinity for the collagenase enzyme with the binding-free energy of −9.52 kcal/mol, while nobiletin has the highest affinity for the elastase enzyme with the binding-free energy of −6.44 kcal/mol. Compared to EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), the flavonoid compounds have a lower affinity for the collagenase enzyme but a higher affinity for elastase enzymes. Hydrogen bonds and the hydrophobic interactions dominate the interaction between citrus peel’s flavonoids against the enzymes. When applied to the skin, flavonoid compounds are predicted to have no risk of skin toxicity. The flavonoid compounds of citrus peels are expected to have anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities.
Chemical Properties, Biological Activities and Poisoning Treatment of Novichok: A Review Rahmania, Tesia Aisyah; Wardhani, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma; Renesteen, Editha; Harahap, Yahdiana
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 2
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Abstract

Novichok is an organophosphate compound found as a nerve agent chemical weapon. However, the information about its chemical properties, biological activities, and molecular interactions in the body are still protected under the “top secret” security clearance. Novichok, with the codes A230, A232 and A234, is a compound whose structure has been successfully determined. The compound is synthesized from a precursor through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Novichok agents are considered more potent than VX gas and can be applied in unitary and binary forms. This compound has ability for the binding with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) due to inability of acetylcholine metabolism. AChE catalyzes the rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine to acetate and choline. The treatment of Novichok agent poisoning is similar to management of other nerve agents, such as atropine and pralidoxime administered intravenously. In this paper, we reviewed the Novichok component from chemical and biological perspective. Moreover, we discussed the potential molecular interaction and treatment of this compound.
Effect of Propolis on Bone Quality and Cortical Bone Thickness of Ovariectomized Female Wistar White Rats as A Model for Osteoporosis Juwita, Dian Ayu; Ahmadin, Almahdy; Rachmaini, Fitri; Abdillah, Rahmad; Fatma, Rosalia Medisa
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 3
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Abstract

Estrogen deficiency increases the rate of osteoporosis, especially in menopausal women, by altering the bone tissue microarchitecture. Propolis has compounds that could be used as an alternative therapy to treat estrogen deficiency and to protect against bone damage. This study aims to determine the effect of propolis on bone quality and cortical bone thickness of femoral metaphysis in ovariectomized female Wistar white rats as a model for menopausal osteoporosis. The rats were divided into five groups: negative control group (not subjected to ovariectomy), sham group (subjected to ovariectomy), and treatment groups that were subjected to ovariectomy and given propolis orally at a dose of 180 mg/kg BW, 360 mg/kg BW, and 720 mg/kg BW for 30 days. Bone quality and cortical bone thickness testing were undertaken on the 31st day. The osteoblast and osteoclast cell examination was evaluated using an Olympus BX 51 light microscope at 400x magnification for bone quality and the Betaview program, Beta 3.1MP Sony Exmor CMOS Sensor camera at 40x magnification for cortical bone thickness. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and continued with Duncan’s multiple range tests. It was found that propolis had a significant effect on the ratio of osteoblast and femur bone osteoclasts (p0.05). The administration of propolis at a dose of 180 mg/kg BW, 360 mg/kg BW, and 720 mg/kg BW had an effect in decreasing the ratio of osteoblasts and metaphysical osteoclast cells of femoral metaphysics. However, propolis administration did not affect the thickness of the femoral metaphysical cortical bone
The Effect of Heparinoid as Systemic Prophylactic Anticoagulants on COVID-19 Patient Mortality and Its Safety Profiles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Anggarany, Ariska Deffy; Sauriasari, Rani; Alkaff, Muhammad; Takhwifa, Famila; Nufus, Hayatun; Paramita, Diana
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 3
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Abstract

Coagulopathy is one of the complications of COVID-19 and is associated with a higher risk of mortality. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant therapy in various doses among COVID-19 patients is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to review and explore the effect of using heparinoids as a systemic anticoagulant at prophylactic doses on mortality in COVID-19 patients. Systematic searches were conducted of various databases (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Scopus, and ProQuest) covering the period 2019-2021. We assessed the quality of the articles using the STROBE checklist. Studies with a high risk of bias were excluded before pooled effect size was synthesized with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models. From the 12 identified studies (N=8,968), six observational studies (N=7,176) were involved in the meta-analysis. The studies reviewed in the paper used a retrospective cohort design in various settings. The pooled effect size of mortality comparing prophylactic anticoagulant and no anticoagulant in three studies showed that there was an association between using prophylactic anticoagulant and a lower risk of in-hospital mortality (pooled OR= 0.47; 95% CI 0.19-0.76). A prophylactic dose of heparinoid anticoagulant was also associated with lower mortality (pooled OR= 0.51; 95% CI 0.21-0.82) and with lower bleeding events compared to intermediate-to-therapeutic dose anticoagulants. Administration of heparinoid anticoagulants at prophylactic doses was associated with reduced mortality risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Due to the increased risk of bleeding with therapeutic doses, the use of prophylaxis anticoagulant is suggested in COVID-19 patients who are not critically ill.
The Benefits of Astaxanthin to Improve Pain Relief in Patients with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial Pinzon, Rizaldy Taslim; Budi Harsana, Mary Rose Angelina
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 3
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Abstract

Treatment of diabetic neuropathy is still carried out by providing symptomatic therapy, which only improves ± 50% of the total symptoms felt by patients, but does not tackle the underlying causes of the disease. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic carotenoid that could be an additional treatment option. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of administering astaxanthin as an additional therapy to improve the impact of pain and discomfort experienced daily by diabetes mellitus patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. We conducted a randomized experimental study with an open label design of 36 patients who had been diagnosed with painful diabetic neuropathy. The control group was treated with standard treatment for painful diabetic neuropathy, and the experimental group was given both standard and additional therapy of astaxanthin at a dose of 6 mg once per day. The impact of pain was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) before administering astaxanthin and on the 4th and 8th weeks after administering astaxanthin. The administration of therapy showed a significant improvement in the impact of pain experienced daily by patients on both treatment groups (p<0.05). However, the mean BPI score of the control and the experimental groups did not differ significantly each week (p>0.05). There is a significant improvement in the BPI of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy who were given additional treatment (add on) of astaxanthin compared to patients who were only given standard treatment for painful diabetic neuropathy.
The Effect of Pre-Extraction Preparation on Antioxidant Compounds of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Leaves Extracts Hikmawanti, Ni Putu Ermi; Fatmawati, Sofia; Arifin, Zainal; Cahyaningrum, Niken; Arif Fauzan, Muhammad
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 3
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Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. (Phyllanthaceae) is a green vegetable. It is rich in natural antioxidant compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids. The pre-extraction preparation can affect the results of extracting compounds from natural materials. This study aims to determine the effect of pre-extraction procedures, including sample form (fresh/dried), drying process (oven-drying/indirect sunlight-drying/air-drying), and particle size (ground/powdered) on total phenolic and flavonoid levels of ethanolic extracts of S. androgynus leaves and their antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals. S. androgynus leaves were extracted using the cold maceration method. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were determined by the colorimetric method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was measured based on the ability of the extracts to reduce DPPH free radicals. The results showed that the pre-extraction preparation influenced the antioxidant components obtained in S. androgynus leaves. According to sample form, fresh leaves contained a higher phenolics and flavonoids (33.66 mg GAE/g and 11.61 mg QE/g, respectively) than dried leaves. Whereas according to particle size, powdered dried leaves have higher phenolics and flavonoids content (45.12 mg GAE/g and 12.54 mg QE/g, respectively) than ground dried leaves. The leaves drying method that produced the highest phenolic content was oven-drying (47.08 mg GAE/g), while the one with the highest flavonoid content was air-drying (8.87 mg QE/g). All extracts had IC50 values against DPPH radicals around 85.71-93.91 ppm. Pre-extraction preparation in optimum condition makes the extraction process more efficient and effective in obtaining the target compounds with antioxidant activities.
Antagonistic Drug-herb Interactions between Clinacanthus nutans and Cyclophosphamide on WRL 68 Cell Line Abd Mutalib, Nurliana; Abd Latip, Normala
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 2
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Abstract

Clinacanthus nutans (Acanthaceae), locally known as Sabah snake grass, is popularly taken as prevention as well as treatment for cancer in Malaysia, despite lack of concrete clinical evidence. However, it is crucial to evaluate potential antagonistic, additive, or synergistic interactions that may result from the co-treatment of this plant in chemotherapy. In this study, we demonstrate the drug-herb interaction using combination treatment of C. nutans extracts and cyclophosphamide on the WRL 68 cell line. Materials and Methods: Aqueous and 70% ethanol extract of C. nutans leaves were prepared using decoction and maceration methods. MTT assay was used to test single treatment as well as the combination of C. nutans extract and cyclophosphamide. Phytochemical profiling and flavonoid were identified using HPLC. Results: C. nutans ethanolic extract exhibits low antiproliferative activity. A combination of ethanolic extract of C. nutans and cyclophosphamide at various concentrations resulted in antagonism with combination index values of 1.413, 1.482, and 1.525. Flavonoids identified in the phytochemical profile of both extracts were schaftoside, isoorientin, orientin, and vitexin. High flavonoids level in C. nutans ethanolic extract could potentially interact with metabolic enzymes of the cell line, which might have affected metabolism and activated the cyclophosphamide. The in vitro data suggested that there was a potential for drug-herb interactions, which could negatively affect the chemotherapeutic outcomes. Further investigation should be done in vivo and clinical research model.

Page 29 of 36 | Total Record : 355

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