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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 880 Documents
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Two New Records of Wild Bananas (Musa balbisiana and Musa itinerans) from Sulawesi Sulistyaningsih, Lulut Dwi; Megia, Rita; Widjaja, Elizabeth Anita
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 1
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The diversity of wild banana species in Sulawesi was investigated based on the morphological characteristics of herbarium specimens collected in Sulawesi and deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia (BO). New specimens were collected from Central, North, South, and Southeast Sulawesi, and digital type specimens were also used in this study. The aim of this study was to describe the diversity of wild banana species in Sulawesi as most Musaceae specimens stored at BO have not been identified. By examinating 110 sheets of herbarium specimens, five species of Musa, including two infraspecific taxa of M. acuminata housed in Sulawesi, were identified. Musa acuminata, M. celebica, and M. textilis were previously reported from Sulawesi. However, M. balbisiana and M. itinerans are two new records of wild banana species in Sulawesi. Identification keys, descriptions, distribution maps, and line-drawing illustrations of these two species are provided.
Morphological and Molecular Analysis and Flowering Time of T2 Generation Transgenic Rice cv. Nipponbare Carrying CONSTANS (CO) Gene Irshanty, Firdha Meidi; Salamah, Andi; Santoso, Tri Joko
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 1
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Flowering is an important process that initiates plant productivity. Rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) was genetically engineered by introducing a CONSTANS (CO) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCO) to improve rice productivity. The CO gene is a gene responsible for inducing early flowering. The aims of the experiment were to use morphological and molecular analysis to study the integration of the AtCO gene and its influence on agronomic traits in the T2 generation of Nipponbare transgenic AtCO rice. Morphological observations showed that agronomic traits tended to be better in the transgenic plants than in the wild type (controls), although the transgenic plants flowered later than the wild type. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis showed that 169 out of 227 transgenic rice plants showed hpt and CO gene integration.
Synthesis of Tris(4-Methoxyphenyl)Phenylsilane Using Phenylsilane and 4-Iodo Anisole Catalyzed by Palladium Complex Lesbani, Aldes; Mohadi, Risfidian; Eliza, Eliza; Mardiyanto, Mardiyanto
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 1
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Sintesis Tris(4-Metoksifenil)Fenilsilan Menggunakan Fenilsilan dan 4-Iodida Anisol dengan Katalis Senyawa Kompleks Paladium. Sintesis tris(4-metoksifenil)fenilsilan melalui reaksi kopling antara fenilsilan dan 4-iodida anisol menggunakan senyawa paladium tersier tributilfosfin sebagai katalis telah dilakukan berdasarkan penentuan senyawa basa, pelarut, dan waktu reaksi kopling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa tris(4-metoksifenil)fenilsilan dapat disintesis menghasilkan persentase produk maksimum pada penggunaan senyawa 1,4-diazabisiko[2,2,2]oktan (DABCO) sebagai basa, tetrahidrofuran sebagai pelarut, dan waktu reaksi kopling selama 5 hari. Persentase tertinggi produk senyawa tris(4-metoksifenil)fenilsilan adalah 35%.
Effectiveness of Powder and Solid Ragi Starter on Production of Bioethanol from Rice Straw Hydrolyzate Ediviani, Wanda; Octavia, Silvi; Yasman, Yasman
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 1
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Rice straw is one of the most abundant forms of agricultural wastes in Indonesia. Rice straw contains polysaccharide in the form of cellulose and hemicellulose, which can be used as raw materials in the production of bioethanol. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of bioethanol production from rice straw’s hydrolyzate. Research was carried out by fermenting the sample using two types of starters (Baker's yeast, known as powder starter (F); and Tapai’s starter, known as solid starter (S) with a control of pure yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glucose levels were measured using a glucometer, and bioethanol levels were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, split plot design was used as a data analyzer with two treatment factors: starter’s inoculum (R) and time of fermentation (T). This study shows that there is no significant difference between the starters’ levels of bioethanol production. However, S’s treatment produced higher levels (5,1 g/L) of bioethanol compared to F’s (4,8 g/L); the rate of bioethanol production in S’s treatment is also higher (1,3 g/L.h) than that in F’s (1,2 g/L.h). This study concludes that Tapai’s starter is more effective in producing bioethanol from rice straw’s hydrolyzate.
Construction and Characterization of Conductometric Biosensor for Determination of the Diazinon Concentration Prayoga, Indrajid; Mulyasuryani, Ani; Prasetyawan, Sasangka
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 1
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Excessive diazinon residue in vegetables can endanger human health. Therefore, a simple, fast, and accurate method is needed to detect residue. A conductometric biosensor is a good choice because it also offers high selectivity and sensitivity. The principle of detection of the conductometric biosensor is based on enzymatic hydrolysis of diazinon into O,O diethyl phosphorothiate,2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol, and H+ catalyzed by organophosphate hydrolase (OPH). The optimum amount of organophosphate hydrolase added to the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with BSA-glutaraldehyde is 118.5 µg, while the optimum pH is 8.5. This biosensor has a response time of 30 sec, a linear dynamic range of 0 to 1 ppm, sensitivity of 42.21 µS/ppm, and limit of detection of 0.19 ppm.
DIETARY FOOD FORTIFIED WITH OROTIC ACID AND LIVER FUNCTION Buang, Yohanes
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 15, No. 2
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The effects of dietary food fortified with orotic acid (1.0%) on liver function were studied in rats. The rats fed with orotic acid promoted liver triglyceride content markedly, that was 5-fold higher than that of the control. The liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased by 10%, but the gluthation peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity decreased by 50%. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities increased by 25% and 30%, respectively. Therefore, the decreased GSH-Px activity was associated with the promotions of AST, ALT, and the liver MDA levels. In conclusion: dietary orotic acid promotes lipid peroxidation but reduces the rate of the antioxidant enzyme. Therefore, dietary food fortified with orotic acid attenuates the liver function.
TERPENOIDS FROM THE STEM BARK OF JATROPHA PLANTS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES Sahidin, Sahidin; Ardiansyah, Ardiansyah; Muhammad, Taher; Marianti, Manggau
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 15, No. 2
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Three terpenoids, including two diterpenes (curcusone B and jatrophone) and a triterpene (stigmasterol) have been isolated from the stem bark of Jatropha plants. Curcusone B and stigmasterol were isolated from J. curcas, meanwhile jatrophone and stigmasterol were from J. gossypifolia. The biological activities of these compounds have been evaluated toward bacteria, fungi and tumour cells. Isolation was carried out in vacuum liqiud cromatography (VLC) technique with silica gel as an adsorben and some solvents as eluents. The compound structures were determined by spectroscopic methodes i.e. UV-vis, FTIR, NMR (1-D, 2-D) and were then compared based on their spectroscopic data with similiar data from literatures. The biological properties of these compounds were evaluated against four strains of bacteria (Acetobacter sp., Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus sp.), 4 strains of fungi (Aspergilus niger, Penicillium sp. (grey), Penicillium sp. (white) and Rhizopus sp.) and murine leukemia P-388 cells. The results showed that cytotoxic property of curcusone B towards murine leukemia P-388 cells is better than jatrophone and stigmasterol which are IC50 = 0.57 μg/mL (1.93 μM) for curcusone B and IC50 > 100 μg/mL for jatrophone and stigmasterol. Meanwhile, activities against bacteria, jatrophone is better than curcusone B and stigmasterol. Jatrophone is the most active against S. aureus (bacteria) with growth inhibition zone 36 mm and A.niger (fungi) is 44 mm. Further study indicated that jatrophone was bacteriostatic against S. aureus.
HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS USING NITRILIMINES: PART 18. SYNTHESIS OF NEW FUSED HETEROCYCLES CONTAINING TRIAZINONE MOIETY Dalloul, Hany Mahmod
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 15, No. 2
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A series of new 4,5-dihydro-6-oxo-1,2,4-triazino[4,5-b]1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines were synthesized by the reaction of methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylate and the appropriate hydrazonoyl halide in presence of triethylamine. The structures of the title compounds have been established by their elemental analyses and spectroscopecal data. The microbial features of some of the synthesized compounds were studied by a known method
SYNTHESIZING DERIVATIVES FROM CYCLOPENTANONE ANALOGUE CURCUMIN AND THEIR TOXIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES Eryanti, Yum; Nurulita, Yuana; Hendra, Rudi; Yuharmen, Yuharmen; Syahri, Jufrizal; Zamri, Adel
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 15, No. 2
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Three types of cyclopentanone derivatives have been synthesized from aromatic aldehyde and ketone derivatives under a base condition through aldol condensation. These cyclopentanone products were 2,5-dibenzylidene-cyclopentanone (a), 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-cyclopentanone (b), and 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-cyclopentanone (c) which has a yield of 63-99%. The chemical structure of these compounds were determined using UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy. In order to clarify the role of hydroxyl and amine moieties, toxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were carried out. The toxic test indicated that the compounds showed strong toxicity. In addition, the presence of hydroxyl and amine groups on both rings of curcumin increased the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
SECONDARY METABOLITE OF Aspergillus fumigatus, ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT Garcinia griffithii Elfita, Elfita; Muharni, Muharni; Indah, Tri
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 15, No. 2
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