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Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 1,528 Documents
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Population mobility and COVID-19 incidence in Indonesia: a study from North Sulawesi Province Dampi, Denada Jihan; Kalesaran, Angela Fitriani Clementine; Kandou, Grace Debbie
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 06 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i06.7802

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the level of population mobility and the incidence of COVID-19 in 2021 in the North Sulawesi province. Methods: This quantitative research uses an ecological study. This study used secondary data from Google Mobility Reports and COVID-19 incidence data from the North Sulawesi Province Health Department. Univariate analysis describes population mobility variables in various sectors and the incidence of COVID-19, which is presented as a time series graph. In contrast, bivariate analysis is used to test the relationship between the level of mobility in various sectors and the incidence of COVID-19 through non-parametric analysis with the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results: There is a correlation between the incidence of COVID-19 and the level of mobility, with a p-value <0.05, with different levels of correlation amongst each mobility area. The correlation coefficients (r) between the incidence of COVID-19 and various regions of mobility are as follows: retail and recreation (-0.511), wholesale and pharmaceuticals (-0.398), park (-0.454), transportation (-0.570), workplace (-0.332), and housing (0.641). Conclusion: The increase in population mobility has significantly contributed to the high incidence of COVID-19 in North Sulawesi in 2021. To reduce the incidence of COVID-19, strict policies for monitoring and controlling mobility, especially in areas with high mobility, are necessary.
Optimizing dengue surveillance with ‘Tunggal Dara’ android-based application: key findings for sustainable implementation Amalia, Ichlasul; Ahmad, Riris Andono; Lazuardi, Lutfan
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 07 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i07.8793

Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of 'Tunggal Dara,' an Android-based system, in optimizing dengue surveillance in Semarang, Indonesia, using the Modified Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (mCFIR). Methods: This explanatory mixed-method study utilized an online mCFIR questionnaire to measure performance and importance scores across five domains and two sub-domains. Perspectives of 46 epidemiologists and 167 community health workers (CHWs) were included. Focus group discussions, key-informant interviews with relevant stakeholders at the local-national level, field observations, and application log analysis were also conducted. Descriptive and thematic analyses were performed to provide insights into its fidelity, penetration, and sustainability. Results: In 2022, the weekly participation rate remained stable, ranging from 76.3-97.7% for village-level CHWs and 100% for epidemiologists, indicating strong program sustainability. However, cadres and epidemiologists rated performance support from the outer setting domain as the lowest, recognizing its potential impact when executed properly. Three major themes emerged as facilitators: solid community engagement, high users’ demand and commitment, and collaboration opportunities. Four key barriers were discovered: integration and interoperability challenges, data input quality and standardization issues, variations in end-user characteristics, and limited involvement of local stakeholders. Conclusion: This study has the potential to contribute significantly to the field of dengue surveillance in Indonesia and beyond, providing valuable insights into the benefits and limitations of adopting digital innovations to combat this persistent public health threat.
Factors influencing the implementation of food sanitation hygiene in the canteen at Kendari Port Pratama, Ichsan; Sarto; Daniel
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 08 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i08.9195

Abstract

Purpose: Food handlers still need to routinely wash their hands with hand soap or wear aprons/masks, as there are dirty outdoor areas and many flies in canteens at Kendari port. Previous studies found that education level, knowledge, attitude, training, and availability of facilities affect the implementation of food sanitation hygiene. However, there has yet to be research on the combination of these factors in influencing the implementation of food sanitation hygiene, and research on the application of food sanitation hygiene in port areas in Indonesia is still rare. The study aimed to identify one factor that must be present for the implementation of food sanitation hygiene that meets the requirements and does not meet the requirements and identify a combination of factors that influence the implementation of food sanitation hygiene. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional, and 16 canteens and 16 food handlers participated using total sampling techniques. Education level, knowledge, attitude, training, and availability of facilities were analyzed using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Results: No single factor was mandatory for implementing food sanitation hygiene that meets or does not meet the requirements. QCA identified three pathways for implementing eligible and not-eligible food sanitation hygiene. Conclusion: Frequent or regular training and adequate facilities are essential to implement food sanitation hygiene that meets the requirements. Meanwhile, poor attitudes, never or rarely-received training, and inadequate facilities were essential factors that led to implementing food sanitation hygiene, which was needed to meet the requirements.
Navigating older adults care: insights from caregivers and community health workers in Ngestiharjo, Bantul, Yogyakarta Hafidz, Firdaus; Monanda, Adelia Pramudita; Fitriani, Dewi Caesaria; Hariyanti, Tatik; Jamiah , Erni
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 09 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i09.10389

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of older adult caregivers in Ngestiharjo, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, towards older adult care and to discern the role of Community Health Workers (CHWs). Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed between April and June 2023, encompassing quantitative data collection with a cross-sectional approach from 253 older adult caregivers via a pretested questionnaire and qualitative insights with a descriptive approach from focus group discussions with seven CHWs. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and thematic analysis. Results: The caregivers were predominantly female (67.2%) and over the age of 50 (46.6%), with the most common occupation being housekeeping (34.8%). Knowledge deficits were noted in several areas, with mean scores of 0.53 for depression signs, 0.56 for physical exercise, 0.73 for sleep quality, and 0.79 for fall risk. Caregivers' sleep quality and fall risk knowledge were better than depression and physical exercise. Attitude scores averaged 82.42 ± 20.42 (out of 125), showing moderate confidence in caregiving activities. Practices related to older adult care showed promising results, especially in maintaining a clean living environment (mean Score: 4.08 ± 0.86). The pivotal role of CHWs in bridging this knowledge gap and facilitating healthcare access was underscored. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted educational programs to improve the knowledge and practices of caregivers, particularly in physical exercise and mental health areas. Strengthening the role of CHWs is essential to enhancing caregiving outcomes.
Map of the distribution of diabetes mellitus cases and their treatment in the number of health workers and primary health care in Yogyakarta City District 2020 Laferani, Yuni; Kusumadewi, Ni Nengah Sri
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 09 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i09.10958

Abstract

Purpose: One of the non-communicable diseases with the highest incidence rate at the global level is diabetes. The percentage of diabetes cases in Indonesia increased from 6.9% in 2013 to 10.9% in 2018. The Indonesian government, through the Ministry of Health, has made efforts to overcome diabetes due to the increasing incidence of diabetes. This study aims to describe the number of diabetes mellitus cases, the distribution map of health facilities, and various elements of the diabetes mellitus management program in Yogyakarta City in 2020. Methods: Descriptive analysis with quantitative approach using aggregate data at the sub-district level in Yogyakarta City. Data analysis using QGIS applications. Results: Distribution is shown by classifying the number of cases and the percentage of different diabetes cases in the sub-district, which is described by elements of diabetes management programs. Conclusion: The distribution of diabetes cases is based on the number of cases with the highest categories in the sub-districts of Umbulharjo, Gondokusuman, and Tegalrejo. Pakualaman sub-district has a very high percentage of diabetes cases coupled with intermediate accreditation status, the number of posbindu is 6-8, the number of nurses is less than 5, the number of health cases, and the number of medical laboratory technology is only one.
The correlation between the levels of fluoride, CaCO3, and pH in clean well water with the calculus index Amalia, Sheila; Sudarmadji; Qaimamunazzala, Hayu
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 06 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i06.10964

Abstract

Background: The fluoride, CaCO3, and pH levels in clean well water are chemical requirements that must be considered to ensure water quality. In terms of dental and oral health, fluoride, CaCO3, and pH in clean well water can increase the risk of dental calculus. Dental calculus contributes to the prevalence of periodontal diseases due to bacteria and plaque. Objective: This study aims to determine, analyze, and explain the correlation between the levels of fluoride, CaCO3, and pH in clean, well water that is consumed among the people of Wukirsari Ward, Imogiri Subdistrict, Bantul Regency, the Special Region of Yogyakarta with the calculus index. Methods: This is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 169 individuals aged between 20 and 44 years who consumed well water. Primary data were obtained directly from interviews, assessments of the calculus index, and measurements of the chemical parameters of water quality. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained from Imogiri 1 Community Health Center. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses with multiple linear regression. Results: Results showed significant variations in moderate fluoride levels, hard CaCO3, and alkaline pH. The predominant correlation was found between low fluoride levels, high CaCO3 levels in clean well water, and age with the calculus severity index. Conclusion: CaCO3 levels in clean well water were the most strongly correlated variable and stood out as a key factor. A potential solution includes increasing fluoride levels by drinking water fluoridation and reducing CaCO3 levels by boiling water. Education about water quality and dental hygiene is key to reducing the prevalence of periodontal diseases and improving public health.
Strengthening social media utilization among primary health center Santi, Bryany Titi; Hadiyanto; Refi, Yasinta; Ekaputra, Anthony; Fitriah, Nur
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 06 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i06.12376

Abstract

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic changed health services in primary care settings. Puskesmas continued to provide information, education, and health promotions by utilizing social media, but how do they do it, and what do they need? Data still needs to be provided. This study will provide an overview of social media utilization and its organizational factors within Puskesmas in Jakarta. Method: This qualitative descriptive study was obtained through focus group discussions (FGD) and secondary data. Puskesmas was selected by sampling and analyzing social media (Instagram, Facebook, Youtube, and Twitter) at 42 centers and selecting four centers with the highest and 2 with the lowest utilization. Results: Instagram is a frequently used social media (95.2%). For organizational factors, in terms of planning, the social media officer has a monthly-annual plan for uploading materials. For organizations, there are divisions of tasks. The Head of the Health Center provides guidelines for direction, and the Head of Puskesmas directs the content. For control, the Head of the Health Center and Puskesmas evaluate the report monthly. Conclusion: Instagram is the most widely used, and the organizational factors are the availability of infrastructure, budget, team officers, and evaluation from the Head of the Health Center and Puskesmas. Only four Puskesmas were involved in this study, and selecting criteria based on four types of social media are limitations in this study to represent all Puskesmas that may be active in other social media such as WhatsApp and TikTok.
Assessing the organizational performance of the Indonesian Midwife Association Kurnia, Ike; Ayuningtyas, Dumilah
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 10 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i10.13822

Abstract

Purpose: This research aims to determine the performance of the Indonesian Midwives Association, especially for the central region, including provincial and branch levels, following the International Confederation of Midwives Global Standards. Methods: The rapid survey method was conducted from November to December 2023. The self-assessment is carried out using an instrument developed in 2020, an adaptation of the Member Association Capacity Assessment Tool (MACAT). MACAT consists of 7 sections, 15 components, and 68 statements. Various levels of the Indonesia Midwives Association at provincial and branch levels, including the central region, complete the assessment. Organizational performance assessment is based on management level, system approach indicators, and 15 components. Results: The IBI district management in each province in the central region mostly has a percentage of above-average organizational performance achievements. Central Sulawesi has the highest performance percentage, while Gorontalo province has the lowest rate of organizational performance. Organizational performance is based on the system approach indicators; 3 out of 4 indicators are above average, and the outcome is the lowest. The distribution of the performance assessment of the PC IBI management organization in each province according to the system approach indicators showed that the results were mostly above standard. The organizational performance assessment based on the overall system approach indicators shows that Central Sulawesi Province is in the highest position, while NTT is in the lowest position. Based on the achievement of all components of organizational performance, South Kalimantan has the highest achievement, while NTT has the lowest achievement. Among 15 components of organizational performance assessment five components are below average (sustainability, communication, impact of policy advocacy, infrastructure & information systems, and finance). Conclusion: In general, 12 provinces in the central region received ratings above the standard based on average. Provinces whose scores are below standard are expected to make improvements based on the evaluation and feedback provided. The results of the organizational performance assessment can be formulated into strategic recommendations for the future development of the IBI organization.
Hospital-based maternal nutrition education for low-income families in managing child tuberculosis Aini, Nurly Qurrota; Kustiyah, Lilik; Dewi, Mira
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 10 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i10.14860

Abstract

Purpose: Children with tuberculosis from low-income families are often referred to hospitals, yet research on hospital-based support is limited. This study evaluated a private hospital's tailored maternal nutrition education program and its impact on the food consumption and nutritional status of children with tuberculosis (24–59 months) from underprivileged families. Methods: This observational analytical study employed a one-group pretest-posttest research design. It was conducted from January to March 2024 at the Outpatient Department of Islami Mutiara Bunda Hospital, Brebes Regency. Secondary data from 2023 medical records of children with TB (24–59 months) from low-income families who received maternal nutrition education during the intensive phase were analyzed. A total of 59 samples were obtained through total sampling. Results: Among the children, 29 (49,2%) were boys and 30 (50,8%) were girls. By age, 33 children (55,9%) were 24–36 months, and 26 (44,1%) were 37–59 months. The percentage of energy deficiency before intervention in boys is higher than in girls (90% vs 74%). Almost all subjects experienced protein deficiency. After the intervention, there was an improvement in energy and protein adequacy. Both age groups experienced malnutrition at the age of 24-36 months, as much as 48%, and of 37-59 months, as much as 19%. After the intervention, the malnutrition group obtained good nutrition. Statistical tests (p<0,05) indicated maternal nutrition education significantly improved food consumption and nutritional status during the intensive phase. Conclusion: Tailored maternal nutrition education with two-way communication effectively enhances food consumption and nutritional status in children with TB from low-income families.
Evaluation of mercury (Hg) control analysis in water bodies near traditional gold mines Yuniarno, Saudin; Widiyanto, Agnes Fitria; Sugiharto, Septiono Bangun
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 09 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i09.16231

Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluates the mercury content in water bodies around artisanal gold mines. Methods: This study was conducted in water bodies in the Gledeg, Cimande, and Panaruban rivers, Paningkaban Village, Gumelar in Banyumas Regency as a sampling site for traditional gold mining wastewater by taking three sampling points at locations that are before, right, and after being polluted. Samples were then analyzed using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method to measure mercury content. The data obtained were compared with applicable water and sediment quality standards, such as those set by WHO. Sample analysis was conducted at the Research Laboratory of Jenderal Soedirman University. The research time from the preliminary survey, sampling, lab test, and data analysis was conducted from May to August 2024. Results: The results showed that the mercury content in water bodies ranged from 0.05489 mg/L to 12.3544 mg/L, exceeding the threshold set by WHO (0.001 µg/L), PP No. 82/2001, and Kepmen LH No. 2/1988 (0.001 mg/L). Conclusion: This study found significant levels of mercury contamination, and further mitigation and regulatory actions are required to protect the environment and the health of local communities.

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