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Reflection Journal
Published by Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28081501     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36312/rj
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Reflection Journal (ISSN: 2808-1501) is a forum for publishing the results of review and empirical original research papers in the field of education. Reflection Journal published by Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM) twice a year (bianually) in June and December.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 42 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember" : 42 Documents clear
Improving Peat Water Quality Using a Multi-stage Shell Sand, CTO, and Reverse Osmosis System in Sengkubang Village, Indonesia Norita, Norita; Selviana, Selviana; Suwarni, Linda
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/ath8re70

Abstract

In many Indonesian peatland regions, communities still rely on peat water for drinking despite its very low pH, dark colour, and elevated loads of natural organic matter and dissolved metals. This study evaluates the performance of a small-scale, multi-stage treatment system that combines shell sand, CTO carbon block filtration, and reverse osmosis (RO) to improve peat water quality in Sengkubang Village with reference to Indonesian Regulation Permenkes No. 32/2017. A quasi experimental one group pretest–posttest design was applied, measuring total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, colour, odour, pH, iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in raw and treated water. The system substantially reduced turbidity and colour, with both parameters decreasing by more than 90 percent, and lowered TDS while keeping it well below the national limit. The pH shifted from strongly acidic to near neutral, and Fe was reduced to a small fraction of its initial concentration, far below both national and WHO oriented guideline values, whereas Mn remained safely below its standard. After treatment, all monitored parameters complied with Permenkes 32/2017. The results indicate that locally sourced shell sand can function as an effective pretreatment for RO in humic rich, acidic peat water when combined with CTO adsorption. Nevertheless, the findings are based on a single site and short observation period and do not include microbiological indicators, so the system should be regarded as a promising but still preliminary option that requires further seasonal, long term, and microbiological assessment.
Analisis Co-Creation dalam Pembentukan Kampung Iklim: Menuju Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Berbasis Smart Environment Yusnianto, Yusnianto; Wardiyanto, Bintoro
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/02h35r39

Abstract

Isu perubahan iklim telah mencapai titik kritis dan secara luas diakui sebagai wicked public problem yang bersifat multidimensi, kompleks, dan tidak memiliki solusi tunggal. Model tata kelola publik konvensioan seperti Old Public Administration (OPA) yang hierarkis maupun New Public Management (NPM) yang berorientasi pasar terbukti memiliki keterbatasan dalam merespons kompleksitas tersebut. Karena itu muncul kebutuhan untuk beralih menuju paradigma New Public Governance (NPG) yang menekankan penciptaan nilai publik melalui kolaborasi lintas aktor, berbasis jaringan, dan partisipasi inklusif. Salah satu mekanisme operasional kunci dalam NPG adalah Co-Creation. Kajian ini menawarkan kebaruan konseptual dan empiris dengan memasukkan perspektif NPG ke dalam konteks mitigasi dan adaptasi iklim lokal, sebuah pendekatan yang belum banyak dieksplorasi dalam studi Proklim maupun penelitian aksi iklim berbasis komunitas di Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi metodologis dengan mengintegrasikan kerangkan Co-Creation: shared resources, shared knowledge, dan joint innovation ke dalam analisis implementasi SUPERMIE. Sebuah inovasi lokalisasi Program Kampung Iklim (ProKlim) yang diperkaya dengan elemen Smart Environment. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pergeseran nyata peran pemerintah dari pelaksana administratif menjadi fasilitator jaringan, sementara komunitas RT/RW bertransformasi menjadi produsen nilai publik. Co-Creation termanifestasi melalui kontribusi non moneter warga, integrasi pengetahuan teknokratis pemerintah dengan kearifan lokal, serta kemunculan inovasi kontekstual seperti sistem Bank Sampah Digital Sederhana. Implikasi menajerial utama dari praktik ini adalah meningkatnya rasa memiliki warga terhadap program, yang pada gilirannya menjamin keberlanjutan jangka panjang upaya adaptasi dan mitigasi iklim menuju Smart Environment. Hasil ini mempertegas bahwa Co-Creation merupakan variabel mediasi penting yang menghubungkan paardigma NPG dengan efektivitas tata kelola lingkungan lokal.  Co-Creation Analysis in the Development of Climate Villages: Toward Smart Environment–Based Climate Change Mitigation  The issue of climate change has reached a critical point and is widely recognized as a wicked public problem that is multidimensional, complex, and lacks a single solution. Conventional public governance models such as the hierarchical Old Public Administration (OPA) and the market-oriented New Public Management (NPM) have proven limited in addressing this complexity. Therefore, there is a need to shift to the New Public Governance (NPG) paradigm, which emphasizes the creation of public value through cross-actor, network-based collaboration, and inclusive participation. One of the key operational mechanisms in NPG is Co-Creation. This study offers conceptual and empirical novelty by incorporating the NPG perspective into the context of local climate mitigation and adaptation, an approach that has not been widely explored in Proklim studies or community-based climate action research in Indonesia. Furthermore, this study makes a methodological contribution by integrating the Co-Creation framework: shared resources, shared knowledge, and joint innovation into the analysis of SUPERMIE implementation. This is a localized innovation of the Climate Village Program (ProKlim) enriched with Smart Environment elements. The findings of this study indicate a significant shift in the government's role from administrative implementer to network facilitator, while neighborhood units (RT/RW) are transforming into producers of public value. Co-creation is manifested through non-monetary contributions from residents, the integration of government technocratic knowledge with local wisdom, and the emergence of contextual innovations such as the Simple Digital Waste Bank system. The primary managerial implication of this practice is an increased sense of community ownership of the program, which in turn ensures the long-term sustainability of climate adaptation and mitigation efforts toward a Smart Environment. These results emphasize that co-creation is a crucial mediating variable linking the NPG paradigm with the effectiveness of local environmental governance.
Sistem Pelindungan Indikasi Geografis dan Pengetahuan Tradisional Berbasis Komunitas di Indonesia: Telaah Kritis Biopiracy Basmati Perwira, Putri; Aisyah, Rr. Herini; Purwono, Rudi
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/qz461b54

Abstract

Kasus biopiracy beras Basmati oleh RiceTec Inc. menunjukkan bahwa rezim HAKI internasional, khususnya TRIPS, masih memberikan ruang bagi perusahaan multinasional untuk mengeksploitasi sumber daya hayati dan pengetahuan tradisional negara berkembang. Indonesia sebagai negara megabiodiversitas menghadapi kerentanan serupa akibat lemahnya dokumentasi, pelindungan hukum, dan diplomasi indikasi geografis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan dan implikasi kasus biopiracy Basmati terhadap tata hukum HAKI internasional serta merumuskan strategi reformasi untuk memperkuat pelindungan indikasi geografis dan pengetahuan tradisional di Indonesia. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal melalui analisis normatif terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, dokumen internasional, serta literatur akademik mengenai pelindungan pengetahuan tradisional dan indikasi geografis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kasus Basmati mengungkap kelemahan struktural TRIPS dalam melindungi pengetahuan tradisional dan varietas tanaman lokal. Kerangka hukum Indonesia juga masih terfragmentasi dan belum menyediakan pelindungan yang terintegrasi antara indikasi geografis, varietas tanaman, dan kekayaan intelektual komunal. Ketiadaan basis data nasional yang setara dengan Traditional Knowledge Digital Library melemahkan posisi Indonesia dalam menghadapi klaim pihak asing. Penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap reformasi hukum berbasis komunitas, penguatan kelembagaan, dan diplomasi HAKI yang lebih proaktif untuk mencegah biopiracy serta memperkuat pelindungan atas kekayaan hayati dan budaya Indonesia. Rekomendasi penelitian yaitu pembangunan basis data pengetahuan tradisional, penguatan mekanisme indikasi geografis, peningkatan kapasitas komunitas produsen, dan optimalisasi diplomasi internasional guna mencegah praktik biopiracy dan memastikan pelindungan yang adil terhadap kekayaan hayati dan budaya Indonesia. Community-Based Geographical Indication and Traditional Knowledge Protection System in Indonesia: A Reflection on Basmati Biopiracy The biopiracy case involving Basmati rice by RiceTec Inc. demonstrates that the international intellectual property regime, particularly TRIPS, still provides space for multinational corporations to exploit the biological resources and traditional knowledge of developing countries. Indonesia, as a megabiodiversity country, faces similar vulnerabilities due to weak documentation, legal protection, and geographical indication diplomacy. This study aims to analyze the development and implications of the Basmati biopiracy case for the international IP law framework and to formulate reform strategies to strengthen the protection of geographical indications and traditional knowledge in Indonesia. The research employs a socio-legal approach through normative analysis of national legislation, international legal documents, and academic literature on traditional knowledge and geographical indications. The findings reveal that the Basmati case exposes structural weaknesses within TRIPS in protecting traditional knowledge and local plant varieties. Indonesia’s legal framework is also fragmented and has yet to provide integrated protection linking geographical indications, plant varieties, and communal intellectual property. The absence of a national database equivalent to the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library further weakens Indonesia’s position in responding to foreign claims. This study contributes to community-based legal reform, institutional strengthening, and more proactive IP diplomacy to prevent biopiracy and enhance the protection of Indonesia’s biological and cultural resources. The recommended strategies include developing a national traditional-knowledge database, strengthening geographical indication mechanisms, increasing the capacity of producer communities, and optimizing international diplomacy to prevent biopiracy and ensure equitable protection of Indonesia’s biodiversity and cultural heritage.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Sutera Papince, Dora; Ta’ali, Ta’ali; Sriwahyuni , Titi
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/rj.v5i1.3765

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) terhadap hasil belajar bahasa Inggris siswa kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Sutera tahun pelajaran 2024/2025. Berbagai penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa integrasi TIK mampu meningkatkan motivasi dan capaian belajar, namun sebagian besar kajian berfokus pada SMA dan perguruan tinggi. Penelitian pada konteks Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK), khususnya yang mengukur pengaruh penggunaan TIK secara empiris terhadap hasil belajar bahasa Inggris menggunakan tes objektif, masih terbatas. Celah penelitian ini menjadi dasar kebaruan studi ini. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional, melibatkan 60 siswa yang dipilih melalui teknik proportional random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi angket penggunaan TIK dan tes hasil belajar bahasa Inggris. Analisis regresi linear sederhana menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara penggunaan TIK dan hasil belajar bahasa Inggris (r = 0,734; p < 0,05), dengan kontribusi sebesar 53,9%. Temuan ini memperkuat pemahaman teoretis tentang peran TIK dalam pembelajaran vokasional serta menegaskan pentingnya integrasi TIK yang terstruktur untuk meningkatkan kompetensi komunikasi siswa SMK dalam konteks pembelajaran abad ke-21. The Impact of Information and Communication Technology Utilization on the English Learning Outcomes of Eleventh-Grade Students at SMK Negeri 1 Sutera This study aims to analyze the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use on English learning outcomes among 11th-grade students at SMK Negeri 1 Sutera in the 2024/2025 academic year. Previous studies have widely explored ICT integration in senior high schools and universities; however, research focusing specifically on vocational schools (SMK) remains limited, especially empirical studies that correlate ICT usage intensity with English learning outcomes. This study fills this gap by examining students’ ICT engagement within vocational learning environments. Using a quantitative correlational design, data were collected from 60 students selected through proportional random sampling. Instruments consisted of an ICT utilization questionnaire and an English achievement test. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results show a positive and significant effect of ICT use on English achievement (r = 0.734; p < 0.05), with 53.9% contribution to learning outcomes. These findings strengthen the theoretical understanding of ICT-based learning in vocational education and highlight the need for structured pedagogical ICT integration to improve communicative competence in SMK contexts.
The Innovative Physics Learning Model to Improve Creative Thinking Skills: a Systematic Literature Review Widiarini, Putu; Suma, Ketut Suma; Rapi, Ni Ketut; Suastra, I Wayan
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/5v3be946

Abstract

The aims of this paper is to describe an innovative physics learning model in developing creative thinking skills. The studies carried out were 1) indicators of creative thinking skills, 2) ways to develop creative thinking skills. This study is a Systematic Literature Review which is carried out by identifying, reviewing, evaluating and interpreting all research that has been carried out and written in the form of scientific articles. The design used is to summarize and review 20 articles that have a specific focus on research objects in journals indexed by Scopus. The results of the study state that 1) the indicators of creative thinking skills that are widely used in research are Guilford and Torrance's creative thinking; 2) there are various innovative physics learning models that can be implemented to develop creative thinking skills, including project-based learning models, STEM-based learning models, problem-based learning models, flipped classrooms, and technology-assisted learning models.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru di Sekolah: Systematic Literature Review Leoparlin, Alfridho; Naufal, Naufal; Jalinus, Nizwardi; Ernawati, Ernawati; Yustisia, Henny
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/b1ps3c64

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja guru melalui kajian Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap 16 artikel ilmiah dari database akademik dan jurnal terindeks SINTA. Pendekatan ini dipilih untuk menemukan pola dan konsistensi hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan dan kinerja guru. Hasil review secara konsisten menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru. Dua gaya kepemimpinan spesifik yang terbukti efektif adalah Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Demokratis. Untuk mencapai kinerja optimal, kepala sekolah harus menjalankan peran multidimensi, termasuk sebagai pendidik, manajer, administrator, supervisor, motivator, dan inovator. Secara keseluruhan, mayoritas studi menegaskan bahwa kepemimpinan yang tepat, terutama gaya transformasional, adalah kunci utama dalam memotivasi dan meningkatkan kinerja serta kedisiplinan guru, dan efeknya akan semakin optimal jika didukung oleh motivasi kerja, komunikasi yang efektif, dan budaya sekolah yang positif. Studi ini berkontribusi dalam memberikan pemetaan sistematis mengenai pola hubungan gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kinerja guru sebagai referensi pengembangan kepemimpinan pendidikan di Indonesia.  The Influence of Principals’ Leadership Styles on Teachers’ Performance in Schools: A Systematic Literature Review  This research aims to identify various principal leadership styles and analyze their influence on teacher performance through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 16 scientific articles from academic databases and SINTA-indexed journals. This approach was chosen to find patterns and consistency in the relationship between leadership style and teacher performance. The review results consistently show that the principal's leadership style has a positive and significant influence on teacher performance. Two specific leadership styles proven to be effective are the Transformational Leadership Style and the Democratic Leadership Style. To achieve optimal performance, the principal must carry out a multidimensional role, including as an educator, manager, administrator, supervisor, motivator, and innovator. Overall, the majority of studies confirm that appropriate leadership, especially the transformational style, is the main key to motivating and improving teacher performance and discipline, and its effect will be further optimized if supported by work motivation, effective communication, and a positive school culture.This study contributes to providing a systematic mapping of the relationship between school principal leadership styles and teacher performance as a reference for educational leadership development in Indonesian
Model-Model Implementasi Link and Match Antara Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan dan Dunia Industri : Systematic Literature Review Leoparlin, Alfridho; Risna, Mega; Pebrianti, Laras; Abdullah, Rijal; Hidayat, Hendra
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/t0d3yk55

Abstract

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kesenjangan kompetensi antara lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) dan kebutuhan Dunia Usaha dan Dunia Industri (DUDI), yang tercermin pada tingginya tingkat pengangguran lulusan serta rendahnya relevansi keterampilan terhadap tuntutan pasar kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis model implementasi kebijakan Link and Match di SMK sebagai strategi penyelarasan standar kompetensi lulusan dengan kebutuhan DUDI. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap 15 studi relevan yang dipublikasikan dalam jurnal nasional. Tahapan SLR meliputi perumusan pertanyaan penelitian, penetapan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, ekstraksi data, serta sintesis temuan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Link and Match dilakukan melalui berbagai model, seperti Competency Based Training (CBT), Teaching Factory (TeFa), Kelas Industri, kemitraan IDUKA, serta konsep 8+i pada SMK Pusat Keunggulan. Secara umum, model-model tersebut efektif meningkatkan kompetensi teknis, kesiapan kerja, keterserapan lulusan, dan kesesuaian kurikulum dengan standar industri. Keberhasilan implementasi dipengaruhi oleh manajemen program yang sistematis, dukungan mitra industri, kualitas pelatihan guru, serta evaluasi berkelanjutan berbasis model CIPP. Secara teoretis, kajian ini menambah pemahaman konseptual mengenai model kolaborasi SMK–DUDI dalam konteks pendidikan vokasi di Indonesia. Models of Link and Match Implementation Between Vocational High Schools and the Industrial World: A Systematic Literature Review This research is motivated by the competency gap between Vocational High School (SMK) graduates and the needs of the Business and Industry World (DUDI), which is reflected in the high unemployment rate of graduates and the low relevance of skills to job market demands. This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation model of the Link and Match policy in SMK as a strategy to align graduate competency standards with DUDI needs. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 15 relevant studies published in national journals. The SLR stages include formulating research questions, determining inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction, and synthesizing findings. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Link and Match is carried out through various models, including Competency-Based Training (CBT), Teaching Factory (TeFa), Industrial Classes, IDUKA partnerships, and the 8+i concept at SMK Centers of Excellence. In general, these models are effective in improving technical competency, work readiness, graduate absorption, and curriculum alignment with industry standards. The success of implementation is influenced by systematic program management, support from industry partners, the quality of teacher training, and continuous evaluation based on the CIPP model. Theoretically, this study adds to the conceptual understanding of the SMK–DUDI collaboration model in the context of vocational education in Indonesia.  
Peningkatan Kemampuan Self-regulation Mahasiswa melalui Implementasi FLip Learning Berbantuan ChatGPT Zainuddin, Zainuddin; Ulum, Zaiful; Wijayanti, Rica
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/vj7e9383

Abstract

Kemampuan self-regulation merupakan kemampuan yang penting dalam pembelajaran abad ke-21, tetapi kemampuan self-regulation mahasiswa masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas integrasi ChatGPT dalam implementasi pendekatan Flip Learning (FL) untuk melatihkan kemampuan self-regulation mahasiswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di STKIP PGRI Bangkalan Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kuasi-eksperimen dengan desain penelitian  menggunakan one group pretest posttest design pada kelompok tunggal dengan kelas replikasi tanpa menggunakan kelas kontrol. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Semester Ganjil Tahun Akademik 2025/2026 kelas A dan kelas B masing-masing kelas 16 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi ChatGPT dalam implementasi pendekatan FL  efektif melatihkan kemampuan self-regulation mahasiswa. Hasil uji N Gain menunjukkan bahwa KBK mahasiswa meningkat pada kedua kelas dengan rata-rata N Gain kelas A sebesar 0,42 dan kelas B sebesar 0,57 dengan kategori sedang. Hasil uji hipotesis menghasilkan nilai signifikansi atau Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 0,22 > 0,05, sehingga Ho diterima, yang menunjukkan kemampuan self-regulation mahasiswa meningkat signifikan secara statistik pada taraf signifikansi 5% setelah integrasi ChatGPT dalam implementasi pendekatan FL  dengan rata-rata N Gain minimal pada kategori sedang dan tidak ada berbeda pada dua kelas. Integrasi ChatGPT dalam pembelajaran FL merupakan inovasi dalam pembelajaran abad ke-21. Temuan ini memperkuat pendekatan FL berbasis Artificial Intelligence dan berkontribusi bagi dosen merancang pembelajaran mandiri.  
Model Project Based Learning Berbasis Sejarah Lokal Dompu dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP Sulaiman, Sulaiman; Taufik, Taufik; Sukarddin, Sukarddin
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/hfxfqv75

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran sejarah yang masih didominasi metode ceramah dan hafalan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menerapkan Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) berbasis sejarah lokal Dompu sebagai upaya inovatif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMP. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penerapan PjBL berbasis sejarah lokal terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMP Negeri 3 Dompu. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain quasi experimental nonequivalent control group dengan melibatkan dua kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen (28 siswa) yang memperoleh pembelajaran PjBL dan kelas kontrol (27 siswa) yang menggunakan metode konvensional. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes keterampilan berpikir kritis pada tahap pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara kedua kelas, dengan nilai rata-rata posttest kelas eksperimen 78,6 dan kelas kontrol 64,2; nilai sig. 0,000 < 0,05 menandakan adanya pengaruh signifikan PjBL berbasis sejarah lokal. Analisis N-Gain menunjukkan peningkatan kategori sedang pada kelas eksperimen (0,56). Temuan ini tidak hanya menunjukkan efektivitas model PjBL, tetapi juga mengimplikasikan perlunya pemanfaatan sejarah lokal sebagai basis pembelajaran untuk mendukung implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dan penguatan konteks budaya dalam pendidikan sejarah. A Dompu Local-History–Based Project-Based Learning Model to Enhance Junior High School Students’ Critical Thinking Skills This study was motivated by the low critical thinking skills of students in history learning, which is still dominated by lecture-based and memorization-oriented approaches. To address this issue, a Dompu local-history–based Project Based Learning (PjBL) model was implemented as an innovative effort to enhance students’ critical thinking abilities. This study aims to examine the effect of the local-history–based PjBL model on the critical thinking skills of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Dompu. The research employed a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design involving two classes: an experimental class (28 students) taught using the PjBL model and a control class (27 students) taught using conventional methods. A critical-thinking skills test was administered during the pretest and posttest stages. The findings revealed a significant difference between the two groups, with the experimental class achieving a higher posttest mean score (78.6) compared to the control class (64.2). The significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 indicated a substantial effect of the PjBL model. The N-Gain analysis showed a moderate improvement in the experimental group (0.56). These findings demonstrate not only the effectiveness of the PjBL model but also highlight its practical implications for integrating local history into instructional practices to support Kurikulum Merdeka and strengthen cultural contextualization in history education.
Analisis Kritis terhadap Kebijakan dan Praktik Etika pada ChatGPT Purwanto, Devi Dwi; Wibawa, Aji Prasetya; Elmunsyah, Hakkun; Sendari, Siti
Reflection Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/xv4mqp17

Abstract

Perkembangan pesat dalam teknologi Generative AI berbasis teks melalui model seperti ChatGPT membawa dampak yang signifikan di berbagai sektor. Namun, penerapan teknologi ini juga memunculkan tantangan etika yang mendalam, khususnya terkait dengan transparansi, keadilan, akuntabilitas, dan pengelolaan bias algoritmik. Artikel ini mengkaji secara kritis penerapan kebijakan etika dalam desain dan pengembangan ChatGPT, dengan fokus pada prinsip-prinsip etika fundamental seperti keadilan, non-diskriminasi, dan transparansi. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adala Ex Post Facto, dimana analisis dilakukan setelah peristiwa atau kebijakan diterapkan, guna menilai dampaknya terhadap pengelolaan bias algoritmik dan risiko disinformasi. Pendekatan etika normative juga diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi sejau mana kebijakan diterapkan oleh OpenAI sejalan dengan nilai-nilai keadilan. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi tantangan besar yang dihadapi oleh pengembang dalam memastikan bahwa Generative AI dapat digunakan secara adil dan bertanggung jawab. Selain itu, artikel ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam penggunaan AI, guna menciptakan ekosistem yang lebih inklusif dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Keunikan artikel ini terletak pada analisis mendalam terhadap kebijakan etika yang diterapkan oleh OpenAI, serta focus pada prinsip-prinsip etika fundamental dalam konteks pengembangan Generative AI, yang belum banyak dibahas dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Kesimpulannya, keberhasilan AI yang etis bergantung pada penerapan kebijakan yang komprehensif dan sistematis, yang tidak hanya efisien secara teknis tetapi juga menghormati nilai-nilai sosial dan hak-hak individu. A critical analysis of Ethical Policies and Practices at ChatGPT The rapid advancement of text-based Generative AI technologies through models such as ChatGPT has had a significant impact across various sectors. However, the adoption of this technology also raises profound ethical challenges, particularly with regard to transparency, fairness, accountability, and the management of algorithmic bias. This article critically examines the implementation of ethical policies in the design and development of ChatGPT, with a focus on fundamental ethical principles such as fairness, non-discrimination, and transparency. The analytical method employed in this study is an ex post facto approach, in which analysis is conducted after the implementation of events or policies to assess their impact on the management of algorithmic bias and the risks of misinformation. A normative ethical approach is also applied to evaluate the extent to which OpenAI’s policies align with principles of justice. This study identifies major challenges faced by developers in ensuring that Generative AI is used fairly and responsibly. In addition, the article offers recommendations to enhance transparency and accountability in AI deployment in order to foster a more inclusive and accountable ecosystem. The novelty of this article lies in its in-depth analysis of the ethical policies implemented by OpenAI and its focus on fundamental ethical principles in the context of Generative AI development, an area that has received limited attention in prior research. In conclusion, the success of ethical AI depends on the implementation of comprehensive and systematic policies that are not only technically efficient but also respectful of social values and individual rights.

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