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Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines
Published by PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution
ISSN : 29640121     EISSN : 29633699     DOI : 10.57096
Core Subject : Economy,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance
The Journal RETURN is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to social and scientific fields. The journal is published monthly by PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution. The Jurnal RETURN provides a means for sustained discussion of relevant issues that fall within the focus and scopes of the journal which can be examined empirically. The journal publishes research articles covering all aspects of social sciences, ranging from Economic, management and Bussines. Published articles are articles from critical and comprehensive research, studies or scientific studies on important and current issues, or reviews of scientific books
Arjuna Subject : Bisnis, Menejemen, dan Akutansi (semua kategori) - Bisnis, Menejemen, dan Akutansi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 358 Documents
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The Effect of Ethical Leadership and Work-Life Balance on Job Commitment, with Psychological Empowerment as a Mediating Variable, at Perumda Air Minum Tirta Tohlangkir in Karangasem Regency Kadek Rara Ragita Cahyani; I Ketut Setia Sapta; I Nengah Suardhika
Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business
Publisher : PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57096/return.v5i6.471

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the influence of ethical leadership and work-life balance on work engagement with psychological empowerment as a mediating variable at Perumda Air Minum Tirta Tohlangkir, Karangasem Regency. The background of this research is based on public service challenges and integrity issues that demand the strengthening of human resources through ethical leadership and work-life balance to increase employee dedication. This study used a quantitative explanatory approach. The population in this study were all employees of Perumda Air Minum Tirta Tohlangkir, Karangasem Regency, totaling 127 people. The sampling technique used was the saturated sampling method (census). Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling techniques based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.1 software. The results showed that: Ethical leadership has a positive and significant effect on psychological empowerment; Work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on psychological empowerment;  Psychological empowerment has a positive and significant effect on work engagement; Ethical leadership has a positive and significant effect on work engagement; Work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on work engagement; Psychological empowerment is able to partially mediate the influence of ethical leadership on work engagement; and Psychological empowerment is able to partially mediate the influence of work-life balance on work engagement. These findings confirm that to increase employee work engagement in the public service sector, organizations need to strengthen leadership integrity, support employee life balance, and build autonomy and work meaningfulness through psychological empowerment.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Poverty Levels and Their Influence on GRDP Growth in 11 Provinces in Indonesia Rahmat Pujiyanto; Heru Subiyantoro
Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business
Publisher : PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57096/return.v5i6.472

Abstract

Poverty remains a persistent development challenge in Indonesia, with significant regional disparities, particularly across the 11 provinces of Sumatra Island, where poverty rates vary widely and are often not proportional to economic growth. This research analyzes factors influencing the poverty rate and its effect on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) growth in 11 provinces of Sumatra Island from 2015 to 2022. Variables include open unemployment rate, average years of schooling, regional government expenditure, and investment realization. The analytical method was panel data with a fixed effect model (FEM) using EViews 12 software. Results show that unemployment positively and significantly affects poverty, while education, government expenditure, and investment have negative and significant effects. Furthermore, poverty negatively and significantly affects GRDP growth. These findings indicate that reducing poverty through improved education and accelerated investment realization can meaningfully stimulate regional economic growth. In conclusion, reducing poverty through improved education and accelerated investment realization can meaningfully stimulate regional economic growth, and poverty alleviation must be integrated as a core strategy in regional development planning.
Inequality of Economic Development Between Regions: A Case Study of Eastern and Western Indonesia Hapsari Widayani; Syaiful Syaiful
Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business
Publisher : PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57096/return.v5i6.473

Abstract

Indonesia faces persistent disparities in economic development between its western and eastern regions, a structural issue rooted in historical concentration of growth and investment.  This study aims to analyze the magnitude and trends of economic development disparities between Eastern and Western Indonesia, identify the main factors causing these inequalities, and evaluate the impact of such disparities on regional welfare. The research employed a quantitative approach with secondary data from 2015-2023. Indicators include Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Human Development Index (HDI), poverty rate, and investment. Results show significant gaps where Western Indonesia's average GRDP per capita reaches Rp 65.4 million while Eastern Indonesia only Rp 38.7 million. Western Indonesia's HDI reaches 72.8 while Eastern Indonesia reaches 68.3. Eastern Indonesia's poverty rate 11.8% is higher than Western Indonesia's 8.2%. Main factors include investment concentration, limited infrastructure, and primary sector dependence. In conclusion, these disparities are widening over time and have negative impacts on social welfare and national integration. The study recommends investment redistribution, infrastructure development acceleration, and economic diversification to reduce disparities.
The Relationship Between Poverty and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: An Empirical Analysis and Policy Implications Vinandri Hapsari; Elmiwati
Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business
Publisher : PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57096/return.v5i6.474

Abstract

The relationship between poverty and economic growth remains a central debate in development economics, as many developing countries experience high growth yet still face persistent poverty, raising questions about the effectiveness of growth in reducing poverty. This study aims to empirically analyze the relationship between poverty and economic growth in developing countries, identify factors influencing the effectiveness of growth in reducing poverty, and examine the roles of income distribution, institutional quality, and sectoral composition. The research employed panel data from 24 developing countries for the period 1997-2022 using System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS). The findings show a strong inverse link between poverty rates and economic growth. Results indicate that poverty levels can be lowered by 0.68% for every 1% increase in GDP per capita growth. However, institutional quality and income distribution have a significant impact on how well growth reduces poverty. Sub-Saharan African countries face difficulties in transforming growth into poverty reduction compared to East Asia and Pacific countries. In conclusion, sustained growth above 3.2% annually, combined with equitable income distribution, strong governance, and agricultural sector development, is essential for maximizing poverty reduction. This study recommends inclusive growth strategies with strengthening distribution systems and investments in education and infrastructure sectors.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Indonesia’s Government Policy in Optimizing the Utilization of ATA Carnet as a Trade Facilitation Instrument Erwan Bagja Erawan; Rudi Bratamanggala
Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Vol. 5 No. 7 (2026): Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business
Publisher : PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57096/return.v5i7.477

Abstract

This study looks at how well the Indonesian government's policy is working to make better use of the ATA Carnet as a tool to help with trade, especially in the bigger picture of aligning with international rules and moving towards more digital customs processes. The ATA Carnet is a temporary permit that makes it easier to move goods across borders. It is based on the Istanbul Convention from 1990 and is managed by the International Chamber of Commerce and the World Customs Organization around the world. Even though Indonesia officially joined the ATA Carnet system together with the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KADIN) and the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC), the number of people using it is still much lower compared to countries like Singapore and South Korea in the same region.  The study used a framework that mixes legal analysis with policy evaluation, looking at both the rules and how well the regulations work in practice, along with how well the institutions are performing. Information comes from official documents by ICC and WCO from 2023 to 2025, OECD trade facilitation reports, national customs reports, and insights gathered from different people involved. The results show that Indonesia's ATA Carnet policy works to some extent, but it is not very effective. This is because there are too many overlapping rules, not enough people know about the policy, and different government agencies aren't working together well enough.
Contribution of E-Money Transaction Volume, Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending, and Credit and Debit Card Ownership to Indonesian Financial System Stability Sofi Meidyasari; Heru Subiyantoro; Yolanda
Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Vol. 5 No. 7 (2026): Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business
Publisher : PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57096/return.v5i7.478

Abstract

In the context of the 2019-2024 period, the stability of Indonesia's financial system has become a critical pillar in the preservation of national economic resilience, particularly in the face of a variety of global disruptions. This study examines the contribution of e-money transaction volume, fintech peer-to-peer lending, credit and debit card ownership, and inflation to the stability of the Indonesian financial system. Employing the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) technique, we analyze monthly time series data spanning 84 observations from January 2019 to December 2024, sourced from official Indonesian financial authorities. The analysis reveals that, in both the short and long run, e-money transaction volume, fintech peer-to-peer lending, and credit and debit card ownership exert significant positive effects on financial system stability. In contrast, inflation demonstrates a significant negative impact. These findings underscore the stabilizing role of digital financial innovations amid inflationary pressures, offering policy implications for enhancing financial resilience in emerging markets like Indonesia.
System Shift Risk, Publication Effects, and the Decay of Stock Return Predictability: An Exploratory Empirical Framework Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business
Publisher : PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57096/return.v5i6.479

Abstract

The decay of stock return predictability after publication has been well documented, yet the underlying mechanisms are often explained as either statistical overfitting or market efficiency. This study introduces the System Shift Finance framework as a diagnostic lens to interpret why return predictability decays when a signal moves from private discovery into a public, crowded, and adaptive market environment. The framework codes seven system variables (System Condition, Domain Lock, Actor Complexity, Chokepoint Severity, Position Quality, Strategy Quality, and Feedback Maturity) and computes a System Shift Risk Score as the sum of pressure-side minus adaptive-side variables. Using three aggregate empirical phases drawn from the McLean and Pontiff-style return decay structure (in-sample discovery, out-of-sample pre-publication, and post-publication), this proof-of-concept validation employs descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, linear regression, logistic classification, feature importance, and cluster interpretation. Results indicate that a higher System Shift Risk Score is associated with higher total return decay, with Chokepoint Severity showing a particularly strong relationship with both total and post-publication decay. Position Quality and Strategy Quality behave as protective variables, while Feedback Maturity requires conceptual refinement as it appears to capture external market learning rather than internal adaptive capability. The study concludes that return predictability decay should be interpreted not only as a statistical or publication phenomenon but also as a system transition in which visibility, imitation, crowding, arbitrage pressure, and adaptive feedback jointly transform the profitability of trading strategies. The contribution lies in formalizing a systems-based explanatory architecture that can be scaled to anomaly-level datasets.
Determining Marketing Strategies for LRB Restaurant in Braga, Bandung Sultan Meurizki Prasetyo; Gallang Perdhana Dalimunthe
Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business
Publisher : PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57096/return.v5i6.481

Abstract

This study is motivated by the increasing competition in the food and beverage (F&B) industry, particularly in heritage tourism areas such as Braga, Bandung, where restaurants face challenges in sustaining revenue growth and brand visibility. The objective of this research is to analyze the current marketing mix of LRB Restaurant, identify internal and external business factors influencing its performance, and formulate an improved marketing strategy based on integrated strategic frameworks. The research employs a qualitative case study approach with 25 purposively selected participants consisting of staff, customers, and non-customers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires, and analyzed using thematic analysis supported by NVivo software. The study integrates the Resource-Based View (RBV) with VRIO analysis, Porter's Five Forces, SWOT, TOWS, and the 7P Marketing Mix to develop a comprehensive strategic formulation. The findings reveal that LRB Restaurant possesses a strong strategic advantage in its location and ambience but suffers from weaknesses in digital marketing capability, brand awareness, and operational consistency during peak hours. External analysis shows high industry rivalry and very high customer bargaining power, requiring stronger differentiation strategies. The study concludes that an experience-based differentiation strategy combined with strengthened digital marketing and structured service operations is essential to improve the competitiveness and market positioning of LRB Restaurant.
The Determinants of Indonesia's Processed Wood Export Performance Feridah Feridah; Darwati Susilastuti; Pudji Astuty
Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Vol. 5 No. 7 (2026): Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business
Publisher : PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57096/return.v5i7.475

Abstract

In the context of domestic supply-side constraints and fluctuating global demand, the Indonesian processed wood export sector is confronted with substantial obstacles. Although Indonesia has sizable forest resources, the export performance of processed timber products has varied significantly among provinces between 2016 and 2024, as a result of a variety of logistical and production factors. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the export performance of Indonesian processed wood products in the context of domestic processed wood production, forestry and wood processing investment, educated labor in the forestry sector, and logistics infrastructure. Panel data regression analysis is implemented in the investigation. The sample was comprised of 11 provinces in Indonesia that were observed annually from 2015 to 2024. The data was obtained from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the Ministry of Investment/BKPM, and Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The results of the panel data regression indicate that domestic processed wood production, forestry and wood processing investment, educated labor in the forestry sector, and logistics infrastructure simultaneously have a significant effect on the export performance of processed wood products. Partially, each independent variable also demonstrates a significant and positive influence on export performance. These findings suggest that increasing domestic production capacity, attracting investment to the forestry sector, developing a skilled workforce, and improving logistics infrastructure are key determinants in enhancing Indonesia's competitiveness in global processed wood markets
Implications of Processed Wood Export Performance for Regional Tax Income and Supporting Wood Industry MSMe Development in Indonesia Feridah Feridah; Darwati Susilastuti; Pudji Astuty
Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business
Publisher : PT. Publikasiku Academic Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57096/return.v5i6.476

Abstract

The processed wood export sector plays a strategic role in Indonesia's regional economies, yet its broader developmental impacts beyond direct foreign exchange earnings remain underexplored. As forestry sector performance fluctuates across provinces between 2016 and 2024, understanding how export activities stimulate local revenue generation and support the growth of wood industry MSMEs has become increasingly important for sustainable regional development planning. This study aims to analyze the implications of Indonesian processed wood export performance on regional tax revenue and the development of supporting wood industry MSMEs. The research employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis. The sample comprises 10 provinces in Indonesia observed annually from 2016 to 2024, with data sourced from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the Ministry of Finance, and relevant regional government agencies. The results of the panel data regression indicate that Indonesian processed wood export performance has a significant and positive impact on both regional tax revenue and the development of supporting wood industry MSMEs. These findings suggest that increased export activity generates substantial spillover effects that benefit local economies through enhanced tax contributions from the forestry value chain, while simultaneously creating opportunities for MSME growth in upstream and downstream activities such as raw material supply, transportation, processing services, and marketing.

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