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Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
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Core Subject : Health, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik (Journal of Nutritional Science and Dietetics) merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang mempublikasikan berbagai artikel penelitian tentang ilmu gizi dan dietetik, yang berhubungan dengan aspek biokimia gizi, gizi klinik, gizi masyarakat, gizi olahraga, dietetik, komponen pangan untuk kesehatan, suplementasi dan fortifikasi gizi, ketahanan pangan dan gizi, pendidikan dan konseling gizi, serta aspek sosioekonomi dan budaya gizi, termasuk regulasi dan informasi gizi dan dietetik.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Makanan
Articles 20 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol 5 no 3 (2026)" : 20 Documents clear
Nutritional Status of Toddlers and Its Association with Feeding Practices and Screen Time in Kadudampit Village, West Java Amelia, Aura Gina; Amelia , Aura Gina; Hasanah, Laeli Nur
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Gizi, IPB University dan PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25182/jigd.2026.5.3.742-752

Abstract

The toddler stage is a golden period that significantly determines a child's health quality and overall growth and development. A child's nutritional status is influenced by various factors, including feeding practices and the duration of screen exposure (screen time). This study aimed to examine the associations of feeding practices and screen time with the nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months in Kadudampit Village, Sukabumi Regency, West Java. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 participants selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected from six Posyandu (integrated health posts) in Kadudampit Village between December 2024 and May 2025. The research instruments consisted of questionnaires on feeding practices and screen time. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric data and analyzed through the Kick Stunting web application based on weight-for-age (W/A), length/height-for-age (L/H/A), weight-for-length/height (W/L/H), and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) indicators. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that most toddlers had normal nutritional status; however, the prevalence of stunting remained relatively high (31,5%). The majority of parents demonstrated good feeding practices (51%), and most children had low screen time duration. Nevertheless, the analysis indicated no significant relationship between feeding practices or screen time and nutritional status across all anthropometric indicators (p>0.05). These findings suggest that although feeding practices and screen time are important, other factors such as socioeconomic conditions and environmental influences may also play a significant role in determining toddler nutritional status. Therefore, a more comprehensive, family- and community-based nutritional intervention approach is recommended.
Evaluation of the Food Provision System at Al-Ma’tuq Islamic Boarding School Sukabumi Al Adawiyah, Nisrina Fauziah; Yunieswati, Wilda
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Gizi, IPB University dan PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25182/jigd.2026.5.3.673-683

Abstract

Food service in Islamic boarding schools plays an important role in supporting the nutritional status of female students. Evaluation covering nutritional adequacy, food liking and satisfaction, as well as food hygiene and sanitation is necessary to assess the extent to which food service meets the needs of female students and food safety principles, thereby improving the quality of food service in Islamic boarding schools. This study aimed to evaluate the food service system at Al-Ma’tuq Islamic Boarding School for Girls in Sukabumi, assess the levels of food liking and satisfaction among female students, and examine the adequacy of energy and macronutrients provided through the daily menu. The study employed a mixed-method approach using descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods and was conducted at Al-Ma’tuq Islamic Boarding School for Girls, Sukabumi, from April to July 2025. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and food weighing. The respondents consisted of 43 twelfth-grade female students and 11 kitchen staff. The food hygiene and sanitation observation instrument was developed by adapting a food service hygiene and sanitation checklist and adjusting it to the applicable requirements for the hygiene and sanitation of ready-to-eat processed food under Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. The Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method was used to analyze satisfaction. Most female students had normal nutritional status (62.8%); however, both undernutrition and overnutrition were identified. The adequacy of energy and macronutrients provided by the daily menu remained below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), with average energy adequacy ranging from 41–51% of the RDA. Food liking assessment showed that taste was the most preferred aspect, while menu variety influenced food acceptance. The level of satisfaction was categorized as satisfied (73.7–79.7%). Hygiene and sanitation assessment indicated that several aspects did not meet the standards, particularly food storage and protection. The food service system at Al-Ma’tuq Islamic Boarding School was implemented relatively well but requires improvement in menu variety, nutritional adequacy, and the implementation of hygiene and sanitation standards. These findings are expected to provide input for the boarding school to improve the quality of food service and the nutritional status of female students.
Association of Knowledge, Ability, and Habit of Reading Nutrition Facts Labels with Overweight among Adolescents at MAN 20 Jakarta Hanani, Najwa Dzati; Dainy, Nunung Cipta
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Gizi, IPB University dan PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25182/jigd.2026.5.3.635-644

Abstract

Overweight among adolescents is an important nutritional concern. The ability to understand Nutrition Facts labels may support adolescents in making appropriate food choices; however, knowledge, ability, and reading habits may not have the same relationship with nutritional status. This study aimed to analyze the associations of knowledge, ability, and habit of reading Nutrition Facts labels with overweight among adolescents at MAN 20 Jakarta. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 68 grade XI students at MAN 20 Jakarta from May to June 2025. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Nutritional status was determined based on body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age). Knowledge, ability, and habit of reading Nutrition Facts labels were assessed using questionnaires. Bivariate analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test with a significance level of p<0.05. Most participants (66.2%) had normal nutritional status. Most participants had good knowledge (50.0%) and ability to read Nutrition Facts labels (55.9%), while the majority had a moderate reading habit (64.7%). Knowledge and habit of reading Nutrition Facts labels were not significantly associated with overweight (p value>0.05). In contrast, ability to read and interpret Nutrition Facts labels was significantly associated with overweight (p value<0.05). The ability to read and interpret Nutrition Facts information is an important aspect associated with overweight among adolescents. School-based nutrition education should emphasize practical skills in understanding serving sizes, interpreting nutrient information, and comparing nutritional information across products to support appropriate food choices.
The Effect of a Combination of Red Dragon Fruit, Starfruit, and Tomato Juice on Blood Pressure in Hypertension patients at the Gondangrejo Public Health Center Karanganyar Hanyfah, Chezarin Eisya; Devina, Kezia Elian; Ma’rifah, Bahriyatul
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Gizi, IPB University dan PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25182/jigd.2026.5.3.713-723

Abstract

Hipertensi menjadi salah satu penyebab utama mortalitas dan morbiditas, sehingga perlu penatalaksanaan yang tepat. Penatalaksanaan farmakologi dalam jangka panjang memiliki efek samping bagi kesehatan, sehingga perlu penatalaksanaan secara nonfarmakologi dengan mengonsumsi makanan tinggi mineral seperti kalium dan kalsium serta vitamin C dan likopen yang terdapat pada buah naga merah, belimbing, dan tomat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi jus buah naga merah, belimbing, dan tomat terhadap tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Gondangrejo Karanganyar. Jenis penelitian yaitu quasi eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest posttest with control group. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 39 orang yang terdiri dari 18 orang kelompok intervensi dan 21 orang kelompok kontrol yang diperoleh menggunakan purposive sampling. Kelompok intervensi diberikan jus sebanyak 200 ml dan diberikan 1 kali/hari selama 14 hari. Pada kelompok kontrol penurunan tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 9,67±10,21 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 4,52±7,37 mmHg, sedangkan pada kelompok intervensi penurunan tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 16,39±8,48 mmHg dan penurunan tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 8,61±6,54 mmHg. Hasil uji Repeated Measure Anova menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian jus buah naga merah, belimbing, dan tomat terhadap tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada pasien hipertensi (p=0,000). Hasil uji independent t test menunjukkan bahwa pada H0 dan H7 tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok intervensi (p≥0,088). Namun H14 terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok intervensi pada H14 (p≤0,043). Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu terdapat pengaruh kombinasi jus buah naga merah, belimbing, dan tomat terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di wilayah Gondangrejo, Karanganyar dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif intervensi pendamping dalam pengelolaan tekanan darah. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat meneliti asupan natrium responden.
Relationship Dietary Intake, Knowledge Level, and Body Image Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Adolescent Girls Hanifah, Fanny Novanty Nur; Fitriany, Deswita Ayu; Hanifah , Fanny Novanty Nur; Ma'rifah, Bahriyatul
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Gizi, IPB University dan PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25182/jigd.2026.5.3.703-712

Abstract

Adolescent girls are particularly vulnerable to nutritional problems, one of which is Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). CED is a condition of malnutrition caused by prolonged inadequate food intake, which can negatively affect health, productivity, and quality of life. The direct factor contributing to CED is dietary intake, while indirect factors include nutritional knowledge and body image. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary intake, nutritional knowledge, and body image with the incidence of CED among adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 1 Mojolaban. A quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The study population consisted of 427 female students, and a sample of 91 was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements (upper arm circumference), dietary intake interviews using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and questionnaires on nutritional knowledge and body image. Statistical analysis included the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression. Univariate analysis revealed that most respondents were aged 16–18 years (91.2%), had daily pocket money of IDR 10,000–15,000 (41.8%), and experienced inadequate intake of energy (72.5%), protein (63.7%), fat (74.7%), and carbohydrates (78%). Furthermore, 51.6% had moderate nutritional knowledge, 90.1% were indifferent to body image, and 74.7% suffered from CED. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between all independent variables and CED (p=0.000). Multivariate analysis indicated that only energy intake (B=0.461; p=0.031), nutritional knowledge (B=0.200; p=0.010), and body image (B=0.395; p=0.000) were significant predictors of CED, while protein intake was not significant (p=0.762). In conclusion, dietary intake, nutritional knowledge, and body image are significantly associated with CED among adolescent girls, with energy intake being the most dominant factor. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive nutritional interventions focusing on adequate energy intake, nutrition education, and fostering a healthy body image to prevent CED in adolescents.
Analysis of Protein, Flavonoids, and Acceptability of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Cookies with the Addition of Ferns Flour (Diplazium esculentum) Rochmah, Fani Lailatul; Rohmawati, Ninna
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Gizi, IPB University dan PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25182/jigd.2026.5.3.724-734

Abstract

  Stunting is a linear growth disorder associated with chronic malnutrition. The development of snacks made from local food ingredients rich in protein and bioactive compounds can support food diversification. This study aims to analyze the protein and flavonoid content, as well as the acceptance level, of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) cakes supplemented with fern leaf flour (Diplazium esculentum). The laboratory phase used a completely randomized design with four formulations. The laboratory phase employed a completely randomized design with four formulations containing 0, 5, 10, and 15 g of fern leaf flour, each with three replicates. Protein content was analyzed using the Kjeldahl method, and flavonoid content was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Acceptability was assessed using a hedonic test involving 30 untrained child panelists aged 9–11 years. Laboratory data were analyzed according to their distribution; nonparametric comparisons were performed using the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by paired comparisons with multiple comparisons correction if differences were found. Acceptability data were analyzed using the Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Protein content increased from 11.67 to 15.31 g/100 g of cookies as the fern leaf flour content increased from 0 to 15 g. Flavonoid content also increased from 1.2 to 52.7 mg/100 g cookies. Formula P1, with the addition of 5 g of fern leaf flour, received the highest average acceptability ratings for taste, aroma, texture, color, and overall acceptability. The results of the study indicate that the addition of fern leaf flour can increase the measured protein and flavonoid content in catfish cookies, whereas adding too much can reduce sensory acceptability. The product still requires evaluation of its nutritional adequacy, safety, serving size, and suitability for the target group before it can be recommended as a dietary supplement.
Case Report: Enteral Nutrition Therapy in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Diabetes, and Pneumonia Agustina, Nur Aida; Ambarwati, Ria; Jaelani, Mohammad
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Gizi, IPB University dan PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25182/jigd.2026.5.3.753-764

Abstract

Acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with type 2 respiratory failure accompanied by diabetes mellitus and pneumonia represents a critical condition requiring adequate enteral nutrition therapy to meet metabolic demands, control blood glucose levels, and reduce respiratory workload. This case report aims to describe the standardized nutrition care process and evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and respiratory responses of the patient during intensive care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The subject was a 56-year-old female admitted to the ICU supported by a mechanical ventilator. Initial assessment results showed severe hyperglycemia (random blood glucose 453 mg/dL and HbA1c 8,97%), respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation (pH 7,193 and pCO2 82 mmHg), leukocytosis (13,18 thousand/µL), and radiographic findings of pneumonia on chest X-ray. Based on the 24-hour enteral food recall results, the patient experienced deficits in energy intake of 61%, protein 47%, fat 46.6%, and carbohydrates 82,5% of total requirements. The nutrition diagnoses established were inadequate energy and protein intake (NI-5.2) and altered laboratory values related to carbohydrates and respiratory function (NC-2.2). The nutritional intervention used a diabetes-specific formula on day 1, then continued with a different diabetes-specific formula from day 2 to day 7, and returned to the initial formula from day 8 to day 9. This diabetic formula contains high protein and low carbohydrate. Enteral nutrition was administered via a nasogastric tube with the volume increased gradually starting from 180 cc/4 hours. Monitoring results showed that the fulfillment of energy and protein intake increased approaching 100% of requirements from day 5 onwards. A favorable trend of improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters was observed, marked by a decrease in blood glucose to 226 mg/dL, improvement in arterial blood gas analysis with pCO2 decreasing to 54 mmHg and pH normalizing to 7,471, and successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. In conclusion, enteral nutrition therapy based on a high-protein diabetes-specific formula integrated with intensive medical care plays an important role in supporting intake adequacy, glycemic control, and respiratory recovery in critically ill patients.  
Vitamin D status among female textile workers in tropical areas in Indonesia Lubis, Anwar; Sukandar, Dadang; Khomsan, Ali; Simanjuntak, Betty Yosephin; Nurwati, Yuni; Pranoto, Adi
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Gizi, IPB University dan PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25182/jigd.2026.5.3.645-654

Abstract

Status vitamin D pada pekerja perempuan dapat tetap tidak memadai di wilayah tropis meskipun ketersediaan sinar matahari tinggi karena faktor pekerjaan, perilaku, dan pakaian dapat membatasi paparan radiasi ultraviolet B. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kadar serum 25-hidroksivitamin D [25(OH)D] serta mengevaluasi beberapa karakteristik gaya hidup dan status gizi pada pekerja perempuan industri tekstil di Sukabumi, Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang pada 65 pekerja perempuan di industri garmen Cicurug, Sukabumi. Kadar serum 25(OH)D diukur menggunakan metode imunoasai kemiluminesensi. Status vitamin D diklasifikasikan menjadi defisiensi (<12 ng/mL), insufisiensi (12–19,9 ng/mL), dan memadai (≥20 ng/mL). Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik subjek, sedangkan analisis bivariat digunakan untuk menilai asosiasi usia, durasi paparan sinar matahari, penggunaan hijab, konsumsi suplemen vitamin D, persentase lemak tubuh, dan indeks massa tubuh dengan defisiensi vitamin D (<12 ng/mL). Rata-rata kadar serum 25(OH)D adalah 13,2±4,4 ng/mL; sebanyak 46,2% subjek mengalami defisiensi, 44,6% insufisiensi, dan 9,2% memiliki status memadai. Penggunaan hijab berasosiasi dengan odds defisiensi yang lebih tinggi pada analisis bivariat (OR=3,37; IK95%: 1,105–10,269; p=0,029). Persentase lemak tubuh tinggi (≥35%) menunjukkan odds defisiensi yang lebih rendah (OR=0,18; IK95%: 0,036–0,894; p=0,028; uji Fisher), tetapi estimasi ini perlu ditafsirkan secara hati-hati karena jumlah subjek pada kelompok lemak tubuh tinggi relatif kecil. Usia, durasi paparan sinar matahari, konsumsi suplemen vitamin D, dan indeks massa tubuh tidak menunjukkan asosiasi yang bermakna dengan defisiensi vitamin D. Temuan ini menunjukkan tingginya proporsi status vitamin D yang tidak optimal pada kelompok pekerja ini dan menunjukkan perlunya penelitian dengan sampel lebih besar serta pengukuran paparan ultraviolet dan suplementasi yang lebih rinci.  
The Relationship Between Dietary Patterns, Stress Levels, and Nutritional Status and the Severity of Dysmenorrhea Among Female University Students Ferrynda, Tiara Putri; Widayanti, Linda Prasetyaning; Suprayogi, Dedy
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Gizi, IPB University dan PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25182/jigd.2026.5.3.765-774

Abstract

Dysmenorrhea is discomfort that occurs during menstruation, characterized by lower abdominal pain accompanied by dizziness, nausea, and vomiting due to excessive prostaglandin production, which triggers ischemia of myometrial cells and uterine contractions. Dysmenorrhea can occur with varying degrees of severity depending on several factors, including nutritional status, dietary habits, and stress levels. Dysmenorrhea experienced by female college students can interfere with their academic activities during the semester. This study aims to analyze the correlation between dietary patterns, stress levels, and nutritional status and the severity of dysmenorrhea among female students in the Faculty of Psychology and Health at UIN Sunan Ampel, Surabaya. This is a descriptive-analytical study using a cross-sectional approach. The sample was selected using simple random sampling from a total population of 875 female students, resulting in 34 respondents. Data collection was conducted through anthropometric measurements and the completion of questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed, and correlations were tested using Spearman’s rank correlation with a significance level of 5%. Based on the correlation analysis, the following results were obtained: (1) dietary patterns (p-value=0.300; ρ=−0.183) and nutritional status (p-value=0.132; ρ=0.264) were not associated with the severity of dysmenorrhea among female college students; (2) stress levels were associated with a fairly strong relationship with the severity of dysmenorrhea (p-value=0.035; ρ=0.364). Thus, it can be concluded that there is no association between dietary patterns and nutritional status and the severity of dysmenorrhea. Conversely, there is an association between stress levels and the severity of dysmenorrhea in this study sample.
Implementation of the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) in the Nutritional Therapy of Stroke Patients with Dysphagia: A Case Study Sabuluntika, Novita; Ekawidyani, Karina Rahmadia
Jurnal Ilmu Gizi dan Dietetik Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Gizi, IPB University dan PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25182/jigd.2026.5.3.775-786

Abstract

Stroke adalah fase akut disfungsi neurologis fokal yang berlangsung selama lebih dari 24 jam. Komplikasi utama pada stroke akut adalah disfagia atau gangguan menelan. Tujuan studi kasus ini adalah untuk mengekspolarasi dampak implementasi modifikasi diet berbasis kerangka kerja International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) dalam penatalaksanaan terapi gizi pasien stroke dengan disfagia. Kasus adalah seorang perempuan berumur 50 tahun dengan diagnosis medis stroke iskemik transformasi perdarahan, hipertensi, disertai diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2. Hasil asesmen gizi didapatkan skrining disfagia positif, asupan energi dan zat gizi tidak adekuat, intoleransi laktosa, hiperkolesterolemia dan hiperglikemia. Diagnosis gizi kasus antara lain; 1) (NI-1.2) asupan energi tidak adekuat berkaitan penurunan kemampuan untuk mengonsumsi energi yang cukup ditandai asupan energi berdasarkan food-recall 24 jam didapatkan 53% kebutuhan dan gangguan menelan, 2) (NI-5.8.2) kelebihan asupan karbohidrat berkaitan dengan ketidakpatuhan menjalankan diet ditandai estimasi asupan karbohidrat berdasarkan SQ-FFQ 262g (118% kebutuhan), GDP/GD2pp: 172/183 mg/dl, HBa1c: 8.8%. Intervensi pada hari pertama diberikan asupan enteral 6x200 ml, hari kedua diberikan 3x250 dan 3x150 ml formula DM bebas laktosa rute Naso-Gastric Tube (NGT) dilanjutkan latih menelan menggunakan Disfagia Kit. Hari ketiga pasien diberikan diet DM rute oral dengan tekstur makanan yang disesuaikan kondisi disfagia pasien yakni puree (Level 4), hari keempat moist and mince (Level 5), hari kelima soft and bite size (Level 6), dan hari keenam easy to chew (Level 7) dengan penambahan diet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Implementasi modifikasi diet berbasis IDDSI ini mampu mencegah risiko aspirasi dan memenuhi kebutuhan energi adekuat secara bertahap sesuai kondisi disfagia serta mendukung peningkatan kemampuan menelan pasien yang disertai dengan kolaborasi antar Profesional Pemberi Asuhan (PPA).  

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