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Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan

jtkl
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Published by Politeknik Negeri Malang

ISSN : 25798537 EISSN : 25799746 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jtkl

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

JTKL editors welcome manuscripts in the form of research articles, literature review, or case reports that have not been accepted for publication or even published in other scientific journals. Articles published in cover key areas in the development of chemical and environmental engineering sciences, such as: Energy Waste treatment Unit operation Thermodynamic Process simulation Development and application of new material Chemical engineering reaction Biochemical Biomass Corrosion technology The "JURNAL TEKNIK KIMIA DAN LINGKUNGAN" journal is a peer-reviewed Open Access scientiﬁc journal published by Politeknik Negeri Malang. This journal ﬁrst appeared in October 2017. The main purpose of the journal was to support publication of the results of scientiﬁc and research activities in the field of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. It is published twice a year in April and October.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi

Articles 133 Documents

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Produksi Crude Selulase dari Bahan Baku Ampas Tebu Menggunakan Kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium Sri Rulianah; Zakijah Irfin; Mufid; Prayitno
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Bagasse contain high cellulose which potentially to be used to raw material for producing cellulase enzyme using fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium. This fungus has ability to produce cellulase enzymes from substrates which contain cellulose and also produce enzymes that can degrade lignin content so it didn’t need the delignification process. The objective of this study was to convert cellulose in bagasse to be crude cellulase enzymes by using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and determine the effect of substrate concentration and fermentation time to the enzyme activity. This research was conducted by drying and reducing the bagasse particle size, rejuvenating mold Phanerocheate chrysoporium, making inoculum in liquid medium, fermenting bagasse in accordance with the variable, with media NLM (nitrogen limited media) using Phanerocheate chrysoporium. Fermentation results were filtered, and it was analyzed the activity of crude cellulase. The variable in this study was the time of fermentation 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 days and substrate concentration: 5, 6, and 7 % b/v. Crude cellulose was filtered and was analyzed the enzyme activity by DNS (dinitro salicylic acid) reagent, using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The best result of this study was the crude cellulase with highest activity 91,304 U/mL for 7 % substrate concentration with fermentation time 17 days.

Studi Kinetika Reaksi Metanolisis Pembuatan Metil Ester Sulfonat (MES) Menggunakan Reaktor Batch Berpengaduk Abdul Chalim; Agung Ari Wibowo; Ade Sonya Suryandari; Muhammad Muhajjir Syarifuddin; Moh. Tohir
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Surfactant is a surface active agent which is widely applied in chemical industry related to its ability to stabilize the emulsion between the oil phase and the water phase. Surfactant-based on vegetable oil is a technology developed in the field of surfactant which has been dominated by surfactants made from petroleum. Methyl ester sulfonate (MES) is an anionic surfactant produced by the reaction between fatty acid methyl ester with a sulfonating agent or called as sulfonation reaction. MES undergoes an advanced process called methanolysis and neutralization reactions. This study investigated the effect of reactant molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature on MES yield on methanolysis reaction. The highest MES yield of 49.71% was achieved at a reaction temperature of 120°C, the reaction time of 120 minutes and the molar ratio between MES and methanol of 1:3. The rate constants of methanolysis reactions are determined by reacting the reactants in the stirred batch reactor under those operating conditions.

Pengaruh Komposisi Air Laut dan Pasir Laut Sebagai Sumber Energi Listrik Okky Putri Prastuti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Electrical energy is energy derived from electric charge that causes static electric field or the movement of electrons in a conductor (conductor of electricity) or ions (positive or negative) in a liquid or gas. The electrical energy needed by society to lighting, heating, cooling, or to move back in mechanical equipment to produce other forms of energy. Utilization of a mixture of sand and sea water is one of the methods of renewable energy. In other hand, utilization of sea water is known that it can generate electricity. This study is a preliminary study to combine sea water and sea sand as raw materials. The purpose of this study was to analyze the optimal composition of sea water and sea sand in generating electrical energy. Source of sea water and sea sand comes from Kenjeran Beach Surabaya Indonesia. Research methods such as mixing sea water and sea sand with a weight percent ratio sea sand in the mixture of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The electrical energy generated is determined by observing the current flow and power are seen on the multi meter. Based on the results of current and voltage measurements obtained respectively 2,4 V; 2,3 V; 2,3 V; 1,8 V; and 0,9 V. So the results of the analysis of the composition of sea water and sea sand can potentially be used as a source of electrical energy, although sea sand as agent of resistant.

Pengolahan Air Tanah di Kawasan Politeknik Negeri Bandung menjadi Air Minum dengan Metoda Ultrafiltrasi Emma Hermawati Muhari; Ayu Ratna Permanasari; Fitria Yulistiani
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Di Indonesia, khususnya di sekitar Politeknik Negeri Bandung, sebagian besar sumber air berasal dari air tanah. Air tanah di lingkungan Politeknik Negeri Bandung memiliki pH asam (< 6), coliform > 2.400, dan colitinja positif. Proses pemanasan air kurang efektif untuk mengolah air tanah karena memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama, energi besar, dan tidak dapat meningkatkan pH air agar memenuhi standar air minum sebagaimana tercantum dalam Permenkes Nomor 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010. Untuk mengolah air tanah di lingkungan Politeknik Negeri Bandung, telah dibuat alat pengolahan air minum portabel dengan menggunakan konsep aliran dead-end filtration. Membran yang dipakai merupakan membran hollow-fiber, berjenis membran ultrafiltrasi berbahan dasar PVDF (Poly Vinylidene Flouride), ukuran pori 0,1μm, panjang membran 15cm, jumlah membran sebanyak 148 buah, dan dapat dioperasikan pada daya isap normal manusia. Permeat yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan standar PERMENKES No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 dari parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Lifetime membran diamati melalui jumlah permeat yang dihasilkan dari awal pemakaian membran hingga membran tersebut rusak. Lifetime pada alat pengolah air minum portabel ini adalah 38,879 L. Pengolahan air tanah menggunakan alat ini dapat menaikkan pH sebesar 12,78%, menurunkan konduktivitas sebesar 39,31%, dan menurunkan Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 13,72%. Dari segi ekonomi, penggunaan alat ini dapat menghemat biaya 50% dibandingkan dengan pembelian air minum kemasan 600 ml. In Indonesia, especially around the Bandung State Polytechnic, most of the water sources come from ground water. Ground water in the Bandung State Polytechnic environment has acidic pH (<6), coliform> 2,400, and positive colitis. The process of water heating is less effective for treating ground water because it requires a relatively long time, large energy, and can not increase the pH of the water to meet drinking water standards as stated in Permenkes No. 492 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010. To treat ground water in the Bandung State Polytechnic, portable drinking water treatment equipment has been made using the concept of dead-end flow filtration. The membrane used is a hollow-fiber membrane, a type of ultrafiltration membrane made from PVDF (Poly Vinylidene Fluoride), pore size of 0.1μm, membrane length of 15cm, membrane number of 148 pieces, and can be operated on normal human suction. The permeate produced is in accordance with PERMENKES No. 492 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010 from physical, chemical and biological parameters. Lifetime membranes are observed through the amount of permeate produced from the beginning of the use of the membrane until the membrane is damaged. Lifetime of this portable drinking water treatment device is 38,879 L. Ground water treatment using this tool can increase pH by 12.78%, decrease conductivity by 39.31%, and reduce Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 13.72%. From an economic standpoint, the use of this tool can save 50% costs compared to the purchase of 600 ml of bottled water.

Pengaruh Kedalaman Anoda pada Metode Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis (CGDE) dalam Degradasi Pewarna Tekstil Remazol Red Dian Ratna Suminar; Nelson Saksono
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Limbah pewarna tekstil yang mempunyai komponen utamanya zat pewarna sintesis berbahaya bagi lingkungan sekitar. Pengolahan limbah pewarna tekstil secara fisika dan biologi kurang efektif. Elektrolisis plasma dengan menggunakan metode Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis (CGDE) merupakan bagian dari pengolahan secara kimiawi, yang efektif dalam mengolah limbah pewarna batik. Parameter kedalaman anoda sangat mempengaruhi dalam proses elektrolisis plasma metode CGDE. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kedalaman anoda terhadap produksi •OH, energi yang digunakan proses degradasi, persen dekolorisasi Remazol Red RB 133, serta mengetahui penurunan konsentrasi COD limbah pewarna batik Remazol Red RB 133. Kedalaman anoda dalam penelitian ini adalah 1,5 cm dimana produksi •OH sebesar 11,63 mmol dan energi proses selama 30 menit adalah 806,4 KJ. Persen dekolorisasi Remazol Red RB 133 pada konsentrasi 250 ppm, terbesar selama 30 menit mencapai 99,66 %, pada kedalaman 4,5 cm dengan energi 1075,212 KJ. Nilai COD limbah pewarna batik Remazol Red RB 133 menurun dari 169 mg/L menjadi 3,6 mg/L setelah proses CGDE selama 180 menit (sesuai dengan baku mutu limbah). Textile dye waste having the main component of synthetic dye is hazardous to the surrounding environment. Textile dye waste treatment is physically and biologically less effective. Electrolysis plasma that used Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis (CGDE) method is part of chemical treatment. The anode depth parameters greatly affect the electrolysis CGDE method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of anode depth on • OH production, the energy used in the degradation process, percent decolorization of Remazol Red RB 133, as well as knowing the decrease in COD concentration of Remazol Red batik dye RB 133. The anode depth in this study is 1.5 cm where the production of OH • 11.63 mmol and the processing energy for 30 minutes is 806.4 KJ. The largest Percentage degradation of Remazol Red RB 133 at concentration 250 ppm is 99,66%, that’s reach at depth 4.5 cm for 30 minutes with energy 1075,212 KJ. COD value has decreased from 169 mg/L to 3,6 mg/L after 180 minutes CGDE process (conform to waste quality standards).

Simulasi CHEMCAD: Studi Kasus Distilasi Ekstraktif pada Campuran Terner n-Propil Asetat/n-Propanol/Air Agung Ari Wibowo; Cucuk Evi Lusiani; Rizqy Romadhona Ginting; Dhoni Hartanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Pemisahan n-propil asetat dari campuran terner n-propil asetat/n-propanol/air merupakan salah satu proses yang tidak dapat dilakukan dengan distilasi sederhana. Adanya azeotrop terner minimum dari campuran tersebut menyebabkan n-propil asetat hanya dapat dipisahkan dari campuran n-propanol dan air salah satunya dengan metode distilasi ekstraktif. Distilasi ekstraktif merupakan proses vaporisasi parsial dengan menambahkan suatu agen pemisah non-volatil yang disebut sebagai sovent atau agen ekstraktif. Solvent yang digunakan dalam simulasi proses ini adalah campuran DMSO (Dimetil Sulfoksida) dan Gliserol dengan komposisi 50 % massa dengan perbandingan 1:2 untuk massa umpan kolom : solvent. Feed yang digunakan adalah n-propanol (10 kmol/jam) dan asam asetat (13 kmol/jam) masing-masing pada suhu 25°C dan tekanan 101,3 kPa. Hasil n-propil asetat terbaik diperoleh saat solvent diumpankan pada stage 5 dengan fraksi mol n-propil asetat pada distilat 0,9975 disertai dengan minimumnya energi reboiler yang digunakan pada konfigurasi kolom ini. n-Propyl acetate separation of the n-propyl acetate /n-propanol/water mixture composition can't be done by simple distillation. The existence of minimum ternary azeotrope on the mixture causes n-propyl acetate can be separated only by extractive distillation method. Extractive distillation is a partial vaporization process in the presence of a non-volatile separating agent called as solvent or extractive agent. Solvent used in the simulation process is DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide)-Glycerol mixture (50% mass) with a ratio of 1: 2 for column feed : solvent. n-Propanol (10 kmol/hour) and acetic acid (13 kmol/hour) are fed into reactor (before extractive distillation process) at 25°C and 101.3 kPa, respectively. The best results of n-propyl acetate were obtained when the solvent was fed to stage 5 in which mole fraction of n-propyl acetate in distillate 0.9975 accompanied by the minimum reboiler energy used in this column configuration.

Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Menggunakan Kombinasi Settlement Tank dan Fixed-Bed Coloumn Up- Flow Khalimatus Sa’diyah; Muchamad Syarwani; S. Sigit Udjiana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Air limbah domestik yang memiliki kadar BOD, COD, TSS, Turbidity dan pH tinggi menjadi salah satu penyebab pencemaran air. Sehingga perlu adanya pengolahan lebih lanjut sebelum dibuang ke sungai atau badan air. Salah satu pengolahan air limbah yang bisa digunakan adalah kombinasi settlement tank dan fixed-bed coloumn up-flow. Alat ini dipilih karena harganya terjangkau, bahan mudah didapat dan peralatannya mudah dioperasikan. Tujuan utama penelitian ini untuk menurunkan kadar turbidity, TSS dan BOD. Penurunan parameter ini dipengaruhi oleh waktu settlement tank, waktu pengontakkan effluent dan tinggi unggun pasir. Hasil penelitian pada settlement tank secara aerob didapatkan persen penurunan turbidity, TSS dan BOD yang tertinggi pada settlement tank 6 hari dengan nilai 48,21%; 75,27% dan 52,84 %. Pada alat fixed-bed coloumn up- flow secara kontinyu dengan waktu aerasi settlement tank 6 hari didapatkan persen penurunan turbidity yang tertinggi pada tinggi unggun pasir 20 cm sebesar 18,57%, sedangkan persen penurunan TSS dan BOD yang paling tinggi pada tinggi unggun pasir 30 cm yaitu 41,46% dan 11,23%. Domestic waste water is one of the causes of water pollution. Domestic waste water has high levels of BOD, COD, TSS, Turbidity and pH. Therefore, it need futher processing so that the conditions is safe when discharged in river or lake. One of waste water treatment is combination of settlement tank and fixed-bed coloumn up-flow. This equipment is selected because the price is affordable, materials and equipment can be obtained, and easy to operate. The main purpose of this study is to decrease levels of turbidity, TSS and BOD. Decreased parameters are affected by time of seetlement tank, time of effluent contact and high of sand beds. Result of research on settelement tank aerob obtained highest percentage of turbidity, TSS and BOD decrease in 6 day settlement tank with value 48.21%, 75.27% and 52.84%. In a continuous fixed-bed coloumn up-flow with aeration time, 6-day in settlement tank, obtained the highest percentage of turbidity reduction at 20 cm sand bed height of 18.57%, while the highest percentage of TSS and BOD reduction in sand bed height was 30 cm is 41.46% and 11.23%.

Sintesis Nanoenkapsulasi Ekstrak Kulit Durian dengan Metode Spray Drying dan Aplikasinya sebagai Biopestisida: Review Nina Hartini; Syarifatur Richana; Bayu Triwibowo; Nur Qudus; Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Indonesia sebagai negara agraris, sebagian penduduk Indonesia bermata pencaharian di bidang pertanian. Pada umumnya, masyarakat menggunakan pestisida untuk membasmi hama. Karena tingginya penggunaan pestisida maka WHO (2016) menyatakan kasus keracunan pestisida mencapai 193.000 jiwa selama tahun 2012. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, biopestisida menjadi bahan alternatif pengganti pestisida karena lebih aman dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satu bahan alam yang berpotensi sebagai biopestisida adalah kulit durian. Rata- rata produksi durian setiap tahunnya 780.032,8 ton/tahun. Limbah kulit durian memiliki berat 60-75% dengan kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder relatif tinggi belum termanfaatkan secara maksimal. Senyawa tersebut dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan dan antimikroba dalam proses pembasmi hama. Biopestisida yang dikembangkan dengan metode sokletasi menghasilkan ekstrak berbentuk cair. Namun, hasil tersebut kurang efektif dan mudah teroksidasi sehingga menurunkan keefektifitasan kadar bahan aktif. Mengatasi masalah tersebut maka perlu dikembangkan inovasi dengan proses enkapsulasi. Artikel ini me-review pengembangan metode enkapsulasi. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk enkapsulasi biopestisida yaitu ekstrusi, spray chilling dan spray drying. Metode spray drying lebih berpotensi mengenkapsulasi biopestisida dari kulit durian karena memiliki efisiensi enkapsulan lebih tinggi dan hampir mendekati 100%. Distribusi ukuran partikel yang dihasilkan tergolong nanoenkapsulan. Indonesia as an agrarian country, most of Indonesia's people work in agriculture. In general, people use pesticides to eradicate pests. Due to the high use of pesticides, WHO (2016) stated the case of pesticide poisoning reach 193,000 in 2012. To solve the problem, Biopesticide as an alternative of synthetic pesticides because it’s more safe and environmentally friendly. One of the natural ingredients that potentially as biopesticide is durian peel. The average durian production per year is 780,032.8 tons/year. Durian peels waste weighs 60-75% with a relatively high contains of secondary metabolite not yet fully utilized. It’s used as antioxidants and antimicrobials in pesticides. Biopesticide is developed by socletation method. However, the results are less effective because it’s easily oxidized, so reduce the flavonoid efectiveness. To solve this problem, to be developed innovation with encapsulation process. This article reviews the development of encapsulation methods. Methods that can be used for biopesticide encapsulation are extrusion, spray chilling and spray drying. Spray drying method is more likely to encapsulate biopesticides because it has higher encapsulation efficiency and is close to 100%. The resulting particle size distribution is classified as nanocapsul.

Reducing Sugar Production by Cellulose Immobilized Enzyme from the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Brunch (OPEFB) Treated by Organosolv Pretreatment Pardeny, Vini Ivania; Nurfadiya, Alvanissa; Hidayatulloh, Irwan; Haq, Muhammad Umair Ul; Permanasari, Ayu Ratna
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): October 2023
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v7i2.2437

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) is lignocellulosic that consists of 13.20-25.31% lignin, 42.70-65.00% cellulose, and 17.10-33.50% hemicellulose. Cellulose can be used as a material for a new renewable energy source in the term of reducing sugar through a combination of organosolv pretreatment and hydrolysis process using immobilized enzymes. Organosolv pretreatment was used for lignin degradation, by using ethanol as solvent, which are environmentally friendly and easy to recover, with a concentration S/L 10%(w/w), in 160°C for 90-150 min. The following process is to produce crude enzyme from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride. The resulting crude enzyme cellulase activity of 0.774 U/mL. Then, the crude enzyme is immobilized by Chitosan-GDA. OPEFB hydrolysis process with immobilized cellulase was carried out for 5, 7 and 9 days at 37°C. The best result of lignin degradation reaches out 56.68% lignin removal at 160°C for 150 min, while the hydrolysis of cellulose gives the highest yield, 47.59%, in the 9 days processing time.

Restaurant Liquid Waste Treatment into Clean Water Using Graded Filter-Ultrafiltration Membrane Polyethersulfone (PES) Method Fadhilah, Intan; Hamdan, Abd Mujahid; Razi, Fachrul
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): October 2023
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v7i2.1691

Restaurant liquid waste contains elevated pollutant levels and is commonly discharged directly into the environment, leading to adverse impacts on ecosystems and aquatic life. The traditional methods for processing such wastewater often involve extensive land usage and complicated operations, posing challenges for effective treatment. Therefore, there is a need for a more practical technology to manage restaurant liquid waste, and one promising approach is the utilization of membrane technology for wastewater treatment. In this study, the researchers employed a combination process of multilevel filters with downflow flow and PES membrane ultrafiltration to treat the restaurant liquid waste. The multilevel filter comprised several layers of filter media, including silica sand, activated carbon, zeolite, and gravel, with specific thicknesses on a PVC pipe. For the PES membrane, two different concentrations were tested: 15% and 20% PES. To evaluate the efficiency of the treatment process, pollutant parameters such as pH, TSS (Total Suspended Solids), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and turbidity were measured. The results indicated significant pollutant reduction: pH levels could reach 6.9, TSS degradation achieved up to 98.37%, COD degradation up to 88.14%, and turbidity degradation up to 97.03%. Based on the outcomes, the most effective treatment for converting restaurant wastewater into clean water involved the combined use of multilevel filters and a 20% PES membrane ultrafiltration system.

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Editorial Address Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, Indonesia

Location Kota malang, Jawa timur INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Agung Ari Wibowo

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agung.ari@polinema.ac.id

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+62341404424

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jtkl@polinema.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, Indonesia

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA