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Lex Journal : Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan
Published by Universitas Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
ISSN : 25812033     EISSN : 25809113     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25139/lex.v6i2
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Lex Journal is a scientific journal published by the Faculty of Law, Dr. Soetomo University which will be published regularly every six months. In July and December containing articles in the form of articles, studies, and research results. This journal is published as a forum to provide space for law and justice observers in their contribution to the development of law. Editors accept independent writings which can be in the form of articles, studies, and research results related to the field of law and justice, in Indonesian and English according to the writing style.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 225 Documents
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Evidentiary Validity in Corruption Cases: The Legal Standing of Public Accountant Audits Unreported to the Supreme Audit Agency Erik Eko Bagus Mudigdho; Pudji Astuti; Aditya Wiguna Sanjaya; Emmilia Rusdiana
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12488

Abstract

This study analyzes the normative conflict between Article 32 paragraph (1) of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes (UU PTPK), which permits Public Accounting Firms (KAPs) to calculate state financial losses, and Article 6 paragraph (4) of the Supreme Audit Agency Law (UU BPK), which mandates the submission of such audit reports to the BPK. The research focuses on the legal urgency of this submission obligation and evaluates the evidentiary weight of KAP reports unverified by the BPK through the lens of exclusionary rules. This study employs a normative juridical method, utilizing statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal two main points. First, state financial loss audit reports issued by Public Accountants must be submitted to the BPK, as mandated by Article 6 paragraph (4) of the UU BPK and the Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 2 of 2024. KAPs lack the constitutional attributive authority to declare state financial losses; such authority rests absolutely with the BPK as the final validator. Second, from the perspective of exclusionary rules, KAP reports that are neither submitted to nor verified by the BPK are classified as procedurally flawed (tainted/unlawful evidence). Consequently, these reports lose their absolute evidentiary weight as independent documentary evidence. Nevertheless, adhering to the principle of judicial independence and SEMA No. 2 of 2024, judges retain the discretion to dynamically assess state financial losses based on their conviction and the integration of other valid evidence presented during the trial.
Akses Keadilan bagi Korban Kekerasan: Peran Pendampingan Hukum Dinas P3AM Kota Binjai di Pengadilan Negeri Emil Fahriza; Akmaluddin Syahputra
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12491

Abstract

Kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak merupakan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang menimbulkan dampak fisik, psikis, sosial, dan ekonomi bagi korban. Dalam proses penegakan hukum, korban tidak hanya membutuhkan kepastian hukum, tetapi juga pendampingan agar hak-haknya tetap terlindungi selama menjalani proses peradilan. Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Perlindungan Anak, dan Masyarakat (DP3AM) Kota Binjai sebagai perangkat daerah memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan perlindungan dan pendampingan hukum kepada korban kekerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan hukum DP3AM Kota Binjai dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap korban kekerasan serta menganalisis peran DP3AM Kota Binjai dalam melakukan pendampingan hukum terhadap korban kekerasan di Pengadilan Negeri.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, studi dokumen, dan wawancara dengan pihak DP3AM Kota Binjai, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian DP3AM Kota Binjai telah menjalankan perannya secara efektif dalam memberikan pendampingan hukum terhadap korban kekerasan di Pengadilan Negeri melalui pelayanan yang bersifat terpadu, meskipun masih diperlukan peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, penguatan koordinasi antarinstansi, serta dukungan sarana dan prasarana agar perlindungan hukum terhadap korban dapat terlaksana secara lebih optimal.
Dynamics of Developers' Legal Liability for Breach of Contract Regarding Subsidized Housing Facilities: An Empirical Study in Purbalingga Regency Sabryan Likhan Nugraha; Marsitiningsih; Susilo Wardani; Astika Nurul Hidayah
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12503

Abstract

Housing is a basic necessity for the public, and its implementation within subsidized housing programs involves developers who are responsible for providing houses along with their supporting facilities. In practice, various issues persist, including delays in construction and home handover, non-compliance with building specifications, and the unavailability of public infrastructure, facilities, and utilities, all of which result in financial and non-financial losses for consumers. This study aims to analyze developers' legal liability for breach of contract regarding subsidized housing facilities in Purbalingga Regency, as well as the underlying factors contributing to such breaches. Using an empirical legal research method with a qualitative approach, this study relies on literature reviews and field research supported by interviews with relevant stakeholders, with data analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that developers' legal liability is fulfilled through executing unfulfilled obligations, repairing structural damages, delivering required housing facilities, and providing compensation to consumers. Meanwhile, dispute resolution is generally pursued through formal legal notices (somasi), deliberation, mediation, and complaints to the local government. Breaches of contract are driven by internal factors, such as poor financial management and weak development planning, alongside external factors, including delays in mortgage (KPR) disbursements, land administration bottlenecks, limited governmental oversight, and consumers' low understanding of legal agreements. Therefore, strengthening regulatory supervision, refining the substance of the Preliminary Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB), and enhancing consumer legal literacy are essential to ensuring legal certainty and consumer protection in the provision of subsidized housing.
A Juridical Analysis of the Crime of Mutilation: A Case Study of Decision Number 67/Pid.B/2025/PN Kdr (The "Red Suitcase" Case) Fachria Rizqy; Nur Aida
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12556

Abstract

The crime of premeditated murder accompanied by mutilation represents an exceptionally cruel form of crime against human life, causing widespread social unrest. Nevertheless, positive criminal law in Indonesia has not regulated mutilation as an independent offense. This study aims to analyze the application of substantive criminal law regarding mutilation associated with premeditated murder, analyze the judge’s legal considerations in sentencing the defendant to life imprisonment despite the Public Prosecutor's demand for the death penalty, and review the verdict from the perspective of Islamic Law. This study employs a normative legal research method, using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, and analyzes the Kediri District Court Decision No. 67/Pid.B/2025/PN Kdr as the primary object of analysis. The findings indicate that: (1) The application of Article 340 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) was proven legally and convincingly, where mutilation was positioned as an aggravating fact reinforcing elements of intent and premeditation; (2) The judicial reasoning for imposing life imprisonment instead of the death penalty was based on comprehensive juridical, philosophical, and sociological considerations, reflecting judicial independence, the prudential principle, and the application of combined punishment theory (verenigings theorie); (3) From an Islamic Law perspective, the defendant's act is categorized as qatl al-'amd (intentional murder), violating the principle of hifz al-nafs (protection of life) and the prohibition of desecrating human remains. The sentence of life imprisonment is justified as a form of ta'zir aimed at achieving public interest (maslahah 'ammah) and social protection.
Strategic Legal Diplomacy Alignment in Protecting Indonesian Migrant Workers under the Kafala System in Saudi Arabia Wafda Vivid Izziyana; Rini Heryanti; Helen Intania Surayda; Raka Wahyu Ananda; Mutiara Apriliyani
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12561

Abstract

The protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia encounters severe structural obstacles, primarily driven by the persistence of the kafala system, which exposes workers—particularly non-procedural migrants—to exploitation, human rights violations, and inadequate legal protection. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Indonesia’s protective diplomacy strategy and formulate an ideal protection framework based on Strategic Legal Diplomacy Alignment. Using a qualitative approach that combines normative legal research and descriptive-analytical methods, the study collected data through comprehensive literature reviews, document analysis, and in-depth interviews, then analyzed them using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings show that Indonesia’s protective diplomacy remains constrained by the kafala framework, fragmented migration governance, limited diplomatic resources, and fundamental disparities between Indonesian and Saudi legal systems. To address these systemic gaps, the proposed Strategic Legal Diplomacy Alignment model synthesizes national law, international human rights standards, bilateral diplomatic channels, and digital technology to enhance legal certainty, expand access to protection, and improve the overall efficacy of safeguarding Indonesian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia.
Reconstruction of Legal Regulations Regarding the Neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus from the Perspective of Kinship Relations in Island Communities Barbalina Matulessy; Atmanur Hajar Wagiman
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12562

Abstract

The neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) is fundamental to professional, integrity-driven governance, as enshrined in Law No. 20 of 2023. However, existing regulations fail to address how kinship ties in archipelagic communities influence ASN independence during local political dynamics. Strong familial, genealogical, and customary bonds in island societies create distinct compliance challenges, necessitating a legal reconstruction that accommodates social realities without compromising the rule of law, democracy, or the merit system. This normative legal study analyzes current ASN neutrality regulations, identifies normative weaknesses regarding kinship in archipelagic contexts, and formulates a legal reconstruction concept to reinforce neutrality. Using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches, primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were prescriptively analyzed through legal interpretation and argumentation. Findings reveal that current regulations rely primarily on administrative prohibitions and sanctions, overlooking sociological factors like kinship. Effective legal reconstruction must strengthen merit systems and oversight while integrating ethical dimensions, legal culture, and archipelagic characteristics into civil service policies. This reform will establish a more responsive legal framework that guarantees legal certainty, fairness, and ASN neutrality in democratic governance.
The Role of the Village Head in Resolving Community Land Disputes in Rahuning 1 Village, Rahuning District, Asahan Regency Vika Pradia Kesuma
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12564

Abstract

Land ownership certainty is fundamental to social stability, yet natural geographic changes—such as river course shifts—frequently create discrepancies between formal legal titles and physical land boundaries. This empirical legal study analyzes the role, effectiveness, and key determinant factors of the Village Head (Kepala Desa) in resolving agricultural land disputes in Rahuning 1 Village, Asahan Regency. By examining statutory frameworks alongside local mediation practices, the research investigates a boundary conflict between Khairuddin and Samsuddin triggered by a naturally altered riverbed. Findings indicate that attempts to update land titles to reflect physical changes caused legal uncertainty and resistance over potential land loss. In response, the Village Head served as an essential non-judicial mediator, driving consensus-based deliberation (musyawarah) to reconcile physical shifts with legal claims. Ultimately, the study highlights the strategic importance of grassroots administrative leadership in providing sustainable, non-litigious solutions where formal land administration intersects with environmental change.
Anomali Regulasi Sengketa Kepemilikan Tanah di Wilayah Perbatasan Area Tanah Milik Rakyat dan Perhutani Sulhendar; Wahyu Prawesthi; M. Taufik; Siti Marwiyah
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No S2 (2026): Special Issue
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10iS2.12608

Abstract

Sengketa kepemilikan tanah di wilayah perbatasan antara tanah hak milik rakyat dan kawasan hutan Perhutani berakar dari tumpang tindih Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria dan Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan. Tumpang tindih ini menghambat jalannya Penyelesaian Penguasaan Tanah dalam Rangka Penataan Kawasan Hutan atau PPTPKH yang diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 7 Tahun 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sinkronisasi dan disharmonisasi kedua aturan tersebut, sekaligus mengidentifikasi hambatan yuridis dan sosiologis dalam pelaksanaannya, dengan mengambil studi kasus penataan kawasan hutan di Kabupaten Blitar yang mencakup usulan seluas 580,90 hektare di 17 kecamatan dan 55 desa. Populasi penelitian adalah pihak yang terlibat langsung dalam sengketa batas tanah rakyat dan Perhutani. Sampel dipilih secara purposif dari lima unsur, yaitu masyarakat pemilik lahan perbatasan, Tim Verifikasi PPTPKH Daerah, perwakilan Perum Perhutani, Kantor Pertanahan/BPN, dan akademisi hukum agraria. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif dengan membandingkan bahan hukum primer dan hasil wawancara lapangan, lalu diuji lewat teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan PPTPKH mampu memberi kepastian hukum bagi lahan permukiman dan fasilitas umum, tetapi menyisakan ketidakpastian bagi lahan garapan pertanian yang justru diarahkan ke skema hak akses dan hak berjangka di atas Hak Pengelolaan Lahan Badan Bank Tanah, akibat benturan kepentingan sektoral antara Perhutani, Pemerintah Daerah, dan BPN. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa anomali regulasi tersebut mencerminkan ketegangan antara kepastian prosedural dan substansial, sehingga diperlukan harmonisasi regulasi pertanahan dan kehutanan serta mekanisme konversi hak berjangka yang jelas menuju hak milik penuh.
A Comparative Study of Indonesian and Chinese Laws on Justice-Based Compensation for Land Acquisition in the Public Interest Restu Adi Putra; Irham Rahman; Fitri Windradi
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12636

Abstract

Land acquisition in the public interest is a development instrument that simultaneously causes the reduction or loss of community rights over land. Therefore, the provision of compensation must balance development interests with the protection of affected parties based on the principles of justice. This study aims to analyze the regulations governing compensation for land acquisition in the public interest in Indonesia and China from the perspective of justice, as well as to formulate an equitable compensation framework for Indonesia based on a comparison of the two legal systems. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through functional comparative law. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively using descriptive-analytical, comparative, and prescriptive methods. The findings reveal that both Indonesia and China acknowledge justice as the foundation for providing compensation, yet they exhibit distinct orientations. Indonesian law emphasizes objective valuation of compensation, deliberation, and procedural protections, whereas Chinese law more explicitly connects compensation to the sustainability of living standards, resettlement, livelihoods, and social security. Based on this comparison, this study proposes an equitable compensation framework comprising four complementary elements: fair and adequate compensation, resettlement guarantee, livelihood protection and restoration, and social security protection. This framework shifts the orientation of compensation from merely replacing the economic value of land toward proportionately restoring losses and ensuring the sustainable livelihood of affected parties.
Legal Issues of Sole Proprietorship Companies as Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Irham Rahman; Fitri Windradi; Djoko Heroe Soewono
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12642

Abstract

A sole proprietorship company is an innovation in corporate law that enables micro and small enterprise actors to obtain legal entity status through sole ownership. However, this unique character gives rise to critical legal issues regarding the position and governance of corporate organs, the application of the limited liability principle, the segregation of corporate and personal assets, the protection of creditors and third parties, reporting obligations, and status transformation as the business expands. This study employs a normative legal research method with statute, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis evaluates Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies as amended by Law No. 6 of 2023, Government Regulation No. 7 of 2021, Government Regulation No. 8 of 2021, Regulation of the Minister of Law No. 49 of 2025, and relevant legal literature. The findings demonstrate that while sole proprietorship companies hold strategic potential in promoting the formalization and development of micro and small enterprises, they face persistent challenges regarding corporate governance, accountability, legal liability certainty, third-party protection, and legal status transitions. The study recommends regulatory harmonization, the implementation of proportional minimum governance standards, enhanced transparency and creditor protection, and a transition mechanism based on business scale development to ensure legal certainty and support the sustainability of MSEs and the national economy.

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