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TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal
Published by Yayasan Baitil Ashwatul Quran
ISSN : 29638135     EISSN : 29617553     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Other
TOFEDU Journal is a scientific journal related to research results, conceptual studies, critical/comprehensive studies in the field of education. The results of the work of the researchers are expected to make a positive contribution in the field of education in order to achieve equitable, inclusive and affordable dissemination of information for all people. The main focus of this journal is: Early Childhood Education Elementary School Teacher Education English Education Physical Education, Health and Recreation Mathematics Indonesian Language Education Science Education Social Studies Education Cultural Arts Education Citizenship Education (PKn) Religious Education General Education Character Education Education with Special Needs Curriculum and Educational Technology Educational Management and Leadership Guidance and Counseling Multicultural Education Educational Psychology Evaluation in Education
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 1,738 Documents
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From Tariff Threats to Trade Agreements: An Analysis of U.S. Reciprocal Tariff Policies toward Indonesian Trade Khairani Alawiyah Matondang; Novia Hanifa Surbakti; Khairun Nisa; Miftahul Jannah
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/e7kh5d40

Abstract

The United States is one of Indonesia’s important trading partners, particularly as a major destination for Indonesian exports. Changes in United States tariff policy therefore have implications for Indonesia’s international trade performance. This study aims to analyze the changes in United States reciprocal tariff policy and their relation to the development of Indonesian exports to the United States during 2025–2026. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach based on secondary data obtained from official sources. The data include Indonesian export values to the United States, exchange rate information, and official documents related to United States tariff policies. Data were analyzed descriptively by comparing trade developments before and after changes in tariff policy and presenting the results through tables and narrative analysis. The results show that Indonesian exports to the United States remained relatively strong amid changes in United States tariff policy. In 2025, Indonesian exports to the United States reached US$30.96 billion, while imports amounted to US$12.85 billion, resulting in a trade surplus of US$18.11 billion. In early 2026, the United States remained one of Indonesia’s major non-oil and gas export destinations. The Agreement on Reciprocal Trade established an additional reciprocal tariff rate of up to 19 percent for most Indonesian products, with specific products receiving different tariff treatment. These findings indicate that tariff policy is an important factor in the Indonesia–United States trading environment, although export performance is also influenced by market demand, product competitiveness, exchange rates, and broader international trade conditions.
The Concept of Natural Resource Economics Bonaraja Purba; Febyana Br Sembiring; Felora Anjani; Gina Ami Sefi Br Ginting
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/atsxzx69

Abstract

Natural resources play a crucial role in economic activities as they are utilized to meet various human needs and support production processes. However, natural resources are finite, and their utilization must therefore be managed responsibly to prevent resource scarcity and environmental degradation. This study aims to examine the concept of natural resource economics, its role in economic activities, the issue of resource scarcity, its relationship with economic growth, and the environmental implications of natural resource utilization in the context of sustainable development. This study employs a literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained from various sources, including scientific journals, books, scholarly articles, and publications related to natural resource economics. The findings indicate that natural resources play a significant role in supporting production activities, increasing household incomes, creating employment opportunities, and promoting economic growth. However, excessive exploitation of natural resources can lead to resource depletion, pollution, ecosystem degradation, and declining environmental quality. Therefore, natural resource management should strike a balance among economic, social, and environmental interests. Sustainable management is expected to generate economic benefits in the present while ensuring the availability of natural resources for future generations.
The Effects of Fossil Energy Consumption and Renewable Energy Investment on Indonesia’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions: An Analysis within the Green Economy Framework Bonaraja Purba; Grace Sari Adinda Pakpahan; Novia Hanifa Surbakti; Rifka Ajeng Nurbalqis
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/frd4hz25

Abstract

This study aims to the relationship between fossil energy consumption, renewable energy development, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Indonesia within the framework of a green econmy. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) for the 2020–2024 period, covering the Energy Flow Accounts and GHG Emissions Accounts, along with supporting data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), and various related scientific literature. The results show that fossil energy consumption particularly coal continues to dominate Indonesia's energy input structure, reaching 96.89% of total natural energy inputs in 2024, while the renewable energy contribution actually declined from 3.51% (2020) to 3.11% (2024). Total GHG emissions increased from 820,375 GgCO₂e (2020) to 1,040,663 GgCO₂e (2024), with the Manufacturing and Electricity and Gas Supply sectors contributing 71.88% of emissions across all industries. The emission intensity of the Manufacturing sector increased by 41% during the study period, indicating that decoupling between economic growth and emissions has not yet occurred. Renewable energy development, as reflected by the renewable energy mix, showed a declining trend, from 7.20% in 2020 to 4.97% in 2024, which occurred alongside an approximately 6% increase in national GHG emission intensity. This study concludes that Indonesia’s continued dependence on fossil energy and the limited development of renewable energy occurred alongside increasing GHG emissions, indicating that the transition toward a green economy has not yet been optimal. This study recommends increased investment in renewable energy research and development, accelerated pro-renewable energy policies, and strengthening of an integrated green economy policy framework.
SYTACTIC ANALYSIS USED BY CHARACTER ON PEPPA PIG’S SERIES ‘THE BIGGEST BUFFET EVER’ EPISODE Yuspita Ayu
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/tofedu.v5i3.2312

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the syntax of character conversations in the Peppa Pig cartoon series in the episode “The Biggest Buffet Ever”. The study focused on sentence structure, verb tense, syntax, and complexity of the characters conversations in the episode. The research method uses transcription of the characters’ dialog and grammatical analy as to answer the research questions about the sentence structure and syntax used. The results show that the characters in Peppa Pig use a variety of simple, compound, and complex sentence structures. In addition, this study also discusses basic definitions such as grammar, grammatical analysis, and characters in a linguistic context. The significance of this study lies in a better understanding of sentence structure and syntax in a global lingua franca such as English. This research is not only useful for academic but also practical in the field of language education
Validity of Land Rights Determination Decisions Issued Beyond the Scope of Delegated Authority within the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) Yelse Maya Wulandari; Imelda Aprilia Putri; Wevy Efticha Sary
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/ct3jzs08

Abstract

A land rights determination decision issued by an official beyond the limits of delegated authority raises legal issues concerning the validity of the decision and legal protection for the rights holder who has relied upon it. This issue is significant because Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 2025, as amended by Regulation Number 9 of 2025, distributes authority for determining land rights among the Minister, Director General, Head of Regional Office, and Head of Land Office based on the type of right, legal subject, land area, and other specified circumstances. Such distribution makes the competence of the issuing official an essential element in determining the validity of a land administration decision. This research applies normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that the delegation of authority within the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency is carried out through delegation or subdelegation within predetermined limits. Officials receiving delegated authority are required to exercise it within those limits. A decision issued beyond such authority contains a defect of competence and may provide grounds for annulment or other administrative action under administrative law. Nevertheless, the settlement of such decisions must also consider legal protection, legal certainty, and the position of parties who acquired rights in good faith. Strengthening supervision over delegated authority and verifying official competence before the issuance of land rights decisions are therefore necessary to prevent legally defective land administration decisions.
Legal Protection of Buyers in The Pre-Project Selling Scheme for Residential Property in Indonesia Tasya Putri Afrudi; Thalita Audrey Azalia; Wevy Efticha Sary
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/k8d69t20

Abstract

This study examines the level of legal protection provided to buyers in pre-project selling (PPS) housing schemes during the early stages of development, when permits are incomplete, land titles are unclear, and buildings are not yet constructed. Using a normative approach and jurisprudential analysis, this study examines regulatory gaps, market practices, and relevant Supreme Court decisions. The results indicate that despite the existence of consumer protection regulations, protection during the pre-construction phase remains weak due to unclear land status, reliance on non-binding bank guarantees, and a lack of effective dispute resolution mechanisms. Implications of these findings include recommendations for regulatory improvements, increased transparency, and strengthening mediation institutions.
An Analysis of Murder Cases in Indonesia and the Evidence Used in Criminal Proceedings Dirgo Hafiizh Danil; Muhammad Azka Zidane; Wevy Efticha Sary
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/crhvth40

Abstract

In contemporary society, both individuals and groups may engage in conduct that deviates from prevailing social norms, particularly legal norms. The increasing incidence of criminal activity in Indonesia remains a significant concern, with criminal offenses ranging from seemingly minor acts of theft to robbery, sexual violence, and homicide. Homicide is a particularly serious criminal offense because it results in the loss of human life. In 2021, at least 1,076 homicide cases were recorded in Indonesia, involving victims of different ages and genders. This situation raises important questions regarding how homicide cases can be identified and distinguished and why evidence discovered at crime scenes can serve as a basis for identifying the perpetrator. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, case, and historical approaches. Homicide cases often originate from minor conflicts that escalate and persist over time. Under Article 184 of the Indonesian Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP), recognized forms of evidence include witness testimony, expert testimony, documentary evidence, indications, and the defendant’s statement. Factors contributing to premeditated and non-premeditated homicide include family circumstances, economic conditions, and environmental factors. Therefore, greater public awareness is needed regarding criminal offenses and the legal sanctions applicable under Indonesian law.
Integrating Circular Carbon Economy into Waste Bank Supply Chains: An Analysis of Collaborative Networks and Net-Zero Strategies in Surabaya City Bonaraja Purba; Amelia Shanna Adrave Sihombing; Irmayani Pulungan; Nursaidah Fitriyani Sirait
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/08abyy10

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the integration of the circular carbon economy into waste bank supply chains and to formulate an Integrated Circular Carbon Economy (ICCE) framework for net-zero strategies in Surabaya City. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, utilizing a literature-based approach focused on 15 key journals covering waste banks, the circular economy, the circular carbon economy, circular supply chains, and social network analysis; additional publicly available references were used to provide supporting information. Data were analyzed through cross-journal comparison, thematic grouping, and synthesis into an integrative framework. The results indicate that (1) the waste bank supply chain flow comprises households, waste banks, collectors, and the recycling industry; (2) the collaborative network structure among stakeholders remains fragmented and relies heavily on collectors and the Environmental Agency; (3) the most prominent "9R" practices are R3 (Reuse) and R8 (Recycle), whereas R0–R2 (Refuse, Rethink, Reduce) practices are minimal; and (4) the circular carbon economy concept encompasses elements such as emission reduction and carbon credits, yet major obstacles persist regarding Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) mechanisms and the institutional capacity of waste management entities. Managerial and policy implications are discussed to accelerate net-zero strategies within the waste management sector.
Implementation of the Rapid Application Development Method in an Inventory Information System at TB. Carada Eny Larosa Putri Utami; Ruliansyah Ruliansyah; Reni Septiyanti
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/tofedu.v5i3.2317

Abstract

TB. Carada Elektrik, a building materials store in Lahat City, South Sumatra, faces several challenges in inventory management, including an imbalance between inventory levels and customer demand, limited ability to monitor stock in real time, and the continued use of traditional methods for transaction processing and report recording. This study aims to develop an inventory information system using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method and the CodeIgniter framework. The system also incorporates the Safety Stock and Reorder Point (ROP) methods for inventory control and Black-Box Testing for system testing. The results indicate that the developed system can improve inventory management efficiency, enhance data accuracy, accelerate transaction processing and financial reporting, and support better decision-making at TB. Carada Elektrik.
An Analysis of Nike Inc.’s Role as a Multinational Corporation in the Global Value Chain of the Footwear Industry, 2020–2024 Khairani Alawiyah Matondang; Grace Sari Adinda Pakpahan; Nursaidah Fitriyani Sirait; Amelia Shanna Adrave Sihombing
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/3vaxdc08

Abstract

This study analyzes the role of Nike Inc. as a multinational corporation in the Global Value Chain (GVC) of the footwear industry for 2020–2024. Nike applies an asset-light model without owning factories. Using descriptive qualitative methods with secondary data from Nike's annual reports (Form 10-K) and supporting GVC journals, the results show that in FY2024 Nike coordinated 96 footwear factories in 11 countries and 285 apparel factories in 33 countries, with Vietnam as the largest base (±50%), followed by Indonesia (27%) and China (18%). Nike's FY2024 revenue reached $51.36 billion with net income of $5.7 billion. Nike serves as a GVC coordinator integrating design, production, distribution, and global marketing.

Page 172 of 174 | Total Record : 1738

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