Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia
The MOLEKUL is dedicated to fostering advancements in all branches of chemistry and its diverse sub-disciplines. It aims to publish high-quality research encompassing a wide range of topics, including but not limited to Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biological Activities of Synthetic Drugs, Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, and Agricultural Chemistry. By providing a platform for rigorous scientific inquiry and dissemination of knowledge, the journal strives to contribute to the understanding, innovation, and practical applications of chemistry in various fields. We encourage submissions that explore new methodologies, elucidate fundamental principles, address pressing challenges, and demonstrate the potential for real-world impact. Our journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and perspectives from researchers, scholars, and professionals across the global scientific community, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and the advancement of chemical sciences. The scope of this journal encompasses a wide range of topics within the field of chemistry, with a particular focus on advancing knowledge and innovation in the following areas: 1. Theoretical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry: This includes theoretical studies, computational modeling, and experimental investigations related to chemical reactivity, molecular structures, spectroscopy, and the environmental fate and impact of chemicals. 2. Materials Synthesis for Energy and Environmental Applications: The journal welcomes research on the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials for energy storage, catalysis, solar energy conversion, pollution mitigation, and sustainable environmental technologies. 3. Isolation, Purification, and Modification of Biomolecules: Manuscripts addressing the isolation, purification, and modification of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, along with their applications in areas such as biotechnology, drug discovery, and diagnostics, are of particular interest. 4. Fabrication, Development, and Validation of Analytical Methods: The journal encourages submissions focusing on the development and optimization of analytical techniques, including chromatography, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry. Topics may include method validation, sample preparation, quality control, and applications in diverse fields.
Articles
218 Documents
<![CDATA[Molecular Vibration and Physicochemical Performance of Proton-Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membrane based on CMC/PVA/CH3COONH4 ]]>
<![CDATA[Ndruru, Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo]]>;
<![CDATA[Rachmadhanti, Elvira Nur]]>;
<![CDATA[Fridarima, Shanny]]>;
<![CDATA[Berghuis, Nila Tanyela]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetyo, Ridho]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulianti, Evi]]>;
<![CDATA[Hayati, Atika Trisna]]>;
<![CDATA[Adriana, Risda]]>;
<![CDATA[Siregar, Rabiyatul Adawiyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Sofyan, Muhammad Ihsan]]>;
<![CDATA[Sampora, Yulianti]]>;
<![CDATA[Annas, Dicky]]>;
<![CDATA[Madiabu, Muhammad Jihad]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11001
<![CDATA[This work studied examined the influence of ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) on CMC/PVA-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes, focusing on molecular vibration, proton conductivity, and physicochemical properties. SPE membranes were prepared via the casting solution method with varying CH3COONH4 concentrations to determine the optimal proton conductivity. Various characterizations, including FTIR, EIS, XRD, and TGA, were performed. The optimal membrane condition was achieved with 10 wt-% CH3COONH4 in the CMC/PVA (80/20) blend, yielding proton conductivity of 3.93×10⁻⁴ S/cm and favorable mechanical, thermal, and crystallinity properties, making it suitable for proton-conducting polymer applications. Keywords: ammonium acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose, ionic conductivity, poly(vinyl alcohol), proton battery, solid electrolyte membrane]]>
<![CDATA[Utilization of Used Cooking Oil from Street Vendor: Recycle and Anti-Oxidant Enrichment with Moringa oleifera leaves ]]>
<![CDATA[Ismet, Rhahmasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Sianipar, Rut Novalia Rahmawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Adelia, Nesha]]>;
<![CDATA[Filaila, Euis]]>;
<![CDATA[Jovianto, Andrian]]>;
<![CDATA[Firdaus, Ridwan]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanifah, Hanifah]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwiastuti, Rahma]]>;
<![CDATA[Aninda, Yunita]]>;
<![CDATA[Alfiona, Della]]>;
<![CDATA[Akmalina, Rifkah]]>;
<![CDATA[Iswantini, Dyah]]>;
<![CDATA[prasetyo, Joni]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11023
<![CDATA[Used cooking oil (UCO) is abundant in Indonesia because of lifestyle of people. Especially UCO from street vendors had very low quality based on its Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content that reached 5.074%. When UCO was deposed into drainage, it would pollute the environment. Low grade UCO from street vendors contained Unsaturated-Fatty-Acid, Saturated-Fatty-Acid, and other hydrocarbons. Recycling UCO to replace edible oil considered more desirable rather than biodiesel since higher added value. FFA was the most undesired compound affecting cooking oil quality. FFA reducing with diluted 0.1 M NaOH 10% v/v could reduce FFA from 5.07% to 0.53%. Bleaching earth (BE) content mostly Si, Nb, Al, Ca and Na was safe to treat UCO for edible cooking oil. BE played cleaning UCO but absorbed the oil 17%. ANOVA analysis for BE and Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) treatment fits with Reduced Quadratic model. Based on the ANOVA, the model showed that the decrease of FFA was determined significantly by BE amount and temperature with P-values less than 0.05. Optimization for BE treatment was done using Response Surface Method to find out the lowest FFA. And based on the simulation, it was obtained 0.2854% while the experimental results showed 0.2908%. Furthermore, BE combined with Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) that known anti-oxidant source was used to treat UCO. UCO originally content stronger anti-oxidant activity rather fresh palm oil with IC50 62.12 and 83.03 mg/kg, respectively. Stronger anti-oxidant in UCO allegedly derived from fried foods. Treatment 10% BE and 5% MOL considered optimal for good appearance edible oil, little yellow greenish. Moreover, GC/MS analysis showed improvement active compounds in treated UCO with 5, 7.5 and 10 g MOL in 150 ml UCO with 24.36%, 30.32% and 37.76% active compounds, respectively. Moreover, anti-oxidant measured with IC50 the treated UCO were 43.18, 42.33 and 41.78 mg/kg, respectively. Increasing the number of MOL did not significantly increase the anti-oxidant activity. Anti-oxidant detected in treated UCO identified such as ethyl acridine, indolizine derivatives, cyclotrisiloxane-hexamethyl, benzimidazoles, and Fumaric acid. Based on the results, UCO recycling is applicable for a community, save expenses and strengthen food security and food sovereign. Further thought for its implementation is to design an integrated system from collecting UCO in a reservoir tank equipped with filter, recycling process and finally product tank at mini plant scale. Keywords: Anti-oxidant enrichment, bleaching earth, edible treated UCO, Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) , UCO recycle]]>
<![CDATA[The comparison of the Sensitivity Value of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) between ANTAM and Commercial Gold Sources in the Detection of SARS-CoV-2: A Preliminary Study ]]>
<![CDATA[Istianah, Istianah]]>;
<![CDATA[Vidiawati, Agustina]]>;
<![CDATA[Alfiyan, Akhmad Irfan]]>;
<![CDATA[Andreani, Agustina Sus]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11037
<![CDATA[Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been developed as a colorimetric sensor to detect SARS-CoV-2 with surface modification using N-ethyl-N′-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) and angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2). The gold sources used in the synthesis are produced by PT Aneka Tambang Indonesia (ANTAM) and commercial gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This study compares the sensitivity values of ANTAM gold sources and commercial AuNPs in detecting SARS-CoV-2. The AuNPs-ANTAM detection test against the SARS-CoV-2 resulted in LoD and LoQ values of 5.38 ng/mL and 17.92 ng/mL, in the linearity curve range of 10 – 50 ng/mL, respectively. LoD and LoQ values of commercial AuNPs for detecting SARS-CoV-2, respectively, are 6.69 ng/mL and 22.31 ng/mL in the linearity curve range of 10 – 50 ng/mL. Based on the LoD and LoQ values, AuNPs-ANTAM is more sensitive than commercial AuNPs in detecting SARS-CoV-2 over the same range of linearity curves. Keywords: ACE-2, colorimetry sensor, EDC/NHS, gold nanoparticles, SARS-CoV-2, surface Modifications]]>
<![CDATA[Preparation of Proton-Conducting Solid Electrolyte Membrane Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan Complexed with Ammonium Acetate ]]>
<![CDATA[Berghuis, Nila Tanyela]]>;
<![CDATA[Fridarima, Shanny]]>;
<![CDATA[Rachmadhanti, Elvira Nur]]>;
<![CDATA[Sudaryanto, Sudaryanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Ndruru, Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11056
<![CDATA[This research aims to prepare the proton-conducting solid electrolyte membrane based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) complexed with ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4). The membranes were prepared by using casting solution technique where the various weight percentages of ammonium acetate mixed to CMCh for obtaining optimum condition based on ionic conductivity analysis. Some characterizations were conducted to analysis the functional groups (involving complexation studies), ionic conductivities, mechanical properties, crystallinities, and thermal analysis by using FTIR, EIS, tensile tester, XRD, and TGA. The results showed that the optimum proton conductivity was obtained at the addition of 40% (w/w) CH3COONH4 salt as high as 1.39×10-4 S/cm and a tensile strength of 9.06 MPa. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the optimum condition of the membrane shows good characteristics to be applied as a proton conducting solid electrolyte. Keywords: Ammonium acetate, carboxymethyl chitosan, polymer electrolyte, proton conductivity, proton-conducting membrane]]>
<![CDATA[Preliminary Studi of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Photoelectrochemical for CO2 Conversion to Methanol Using CuO-modified Dark TiO2 Nanotubes Array as Cathode ]]>
<![CDATA[Arda, Hany Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Syauqi, Muhammad Iqbal]]>;
<![CDATA[Gunlazuardi, Jarnuzi]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11162
<![CDATA[The increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels can lead to climate change and adversely affect human health. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method to capture CO2 and convert it into a more valuable substance, such as methanol. In this study, we established a tandem system involving dye-sensitized solar cells and photoelectrochemical (DSSC-PEC), which included the PEC zone using CuO/dark TiO2 nanotube array (CuO/dTNA) as the dark cathode where CO2 reduction takes place, and Co-Pi/blue TiO2 nanotube array (Co-Pi/bTNA) as the counter photoanode. For the DSSC zone, N719/TNA was used as the photoanode, I-/I3- electrolyte, and Pt/FTO as the cathode. The tandem system was constructed by connecting the PEC cathode to the DSSC photoanode and the PEC photoanode to the DSSC cathode using silver wire. Under solely visible light induction and water containing sodium bicarbonate electrolyte saturated with CO2, the proposed devise produced methanol at 1.292 μmol/hour. Keyword: Carbon dioxide, copper oxide, dark TiO2 nanotube, DSSC-PEC]]>
<![CDATA[Influence of Chitosan and Alginate as Reinforcement Towards Sugar Palm Starch-Based Hydrogel ]]>
<![CDATA[Zahra, Tazkia Qonita]]>;
<![CDATA[Nizardo, Noverra Mardhatillah]]>;
<![CDATA[Restu, Witta Kartika]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11222
<![CDATA[Nowadays, hydrogel has a wide range of applications, such as in the biomedical field, due to its excellent biocompatibility. Hydrogel may be synthesized using biomaterials that are abundantly found in the natural environment. This research involved the synthesis of a hydrogel using sugar palm starch as the base material, but hydrogel made from starch has lower chemical and physical properties. To enhance its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, alginate and chitosan were incorporated as reinforcing agents because they can form strong gels, which might be due to the interaction of the amino (-NH2) group from chitosan and carboxyl (-COO-) group from alginate with the hydroxyl (-OH) group from starch. The objective of the study was to determine the best reinforcing agents for the formation of two sugar palm-based hydrogel formulations: sugar palm starch/chitosan hydrogel and sugar palm starch/alginate hydrogel, with good chemical, physical and mechanical properties, such as thickness, swelling ratio, water contact angle, functional group, mechanical properties including tensile strength, and elongation at break, surface morphology images, and thermal properties. The result showed that the hydrogel composed of sugar palm starch and chitosan as reinforcing agent exhibited better characteristics than alginate, indicating their potential for biomedical application as shown by its result in swelling ratio with value of 67.81±0.11%, average tensile strength of 0.113±0.04 MPa and elongation at a break value of 37.83±7.0%. Keywords: Alginate, chitosan, hydrogel, Sugar palm starch]]>
<![CDATA[Antioxidant Activity of Aloe vera and Prediction of Interaction Mechanisms on ROS1 Kinase and Collagenase Receptorsco ]]>
<![CDATA[Atun, Sri]]>;
<![CDATA[Aznam, Nurfina]]>;
<![CDATA[Arianingrum, Retno]]>;
<![CDATA[Azeeza, Sabira Nurul]]>;
<![CDATA[Sangal, Aditi]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11427
<![CDATA[The Aloe vera plant has been widely used as a food ingredient, medicine and cosmetics. This research aims to test the gel and ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves as an antioxidant and absorber of UV light in vitro, as well as predicting the interaction mechanism for ROS1 kinase and collagenase receptors in silico.The antioxidant activity test method was carried out in vitro using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl-Hydrazine) reagent. Activity as a UV light absorber is carried out by calculating the sun protected factor (SPF) value. The antiaging activity test was carried out by predicting the interaction mechanism of the ROS1 kinase and collagenase receptors in silico using several phenolic compounds that have been found in Aloe vera. The total phenolic content of Aloe vera ethanol extract was 379.136 ± 0.34 GAE/g sample, while that of Aloe vera gel was 0.0619 ± 0.04 GAE/g sample. Aloe vera ethanol extract showed moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 101.9 µg/mL, and is able to absorb UV light at concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1% with ultra protection criteria. Several phenolic compounds found in Aloe vera plants showed high binding energy to ROS1 kinase and collagenase receptors. Isoquercitrin showed the highest binding energy to the ROS1 kinase receptor, while isovitexin showed the highest binding energy to the collagenase receptor. The conclusion of this research showed that Aloe vera leaves contain compounds that have potential as antioxidants and antiaging. Keywords: Aloe vera, antioxidant, antiaging, ROS1 kinase, collagenase]]>
<![CDATA[The Cytotoxic Evaluation of Steroids Isolated from Dysoxylum alliaceum (Blume) Blume ex A.Juss. ]]>
<![CDATA[Riyadi, Sandra Amalia]]>;
<![CDATA[Naini, Al Arofatus]]>;
<![CDATA[Mayanti, Tri]]>;
<![CDATA[Lesmana, Ronny]]>;
<![CDATA[Azmi, Mohamad Nurul]]>;
<![CDATA[Supratman, Unang]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11439
<![CDATA[Dysoxylum alliaceum belongs to the Dysoxylum genus (Meliaceae) and there are few reports concerning the phytochemical components of this plant. To examine the chemical constituents of Dysoxylum alliaceum stem bark, a phytochemical study has been conducted and identified five known steroids, 3β,16β-dihydroxy-24(S)-methyl cholestenol (1), ergosta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (2), ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3β-ol (3), 22(E)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β,5α,8α-triol (4), and 20α-dihydroprogesterone (5) from its ethanolic extract. Spectroscopic data such as FT-IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR as well as comparison with previously published spectral data were used to identify the chemical structures of compounds 1–5. Furthermore, these steroids 1-5 were assessed in vitro regarding their cytotoxic effect against A549 lung cancer cell lines and revealed weak to inactive with IC50 values ranging from 68.52 to >150 µM. Keywords: A549 cell lines, cytotoxic evaluation, Dysoxylum alliaceum (blume) blume ex a.juss, meliaceae, steroid]]>
<![CDATA[Exploring The Inhibition of SARS-COV-2 PLpro: Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Flavonoid in Red Fruit Papua and Its Derivatives ]]>
<![CDATA[Ananto, Agus Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Pranowo, Harno Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryadi, Winarto]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetyo, Niko]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11717
<![CDATA[In early 2024, Covid-19 witnessed a substantial decline in cases. Nevertheless, with lingering cases and fatalities persisting, it remains crucial to focus on research to develop patented medicines to inhibit the spread of this virus effectively. This study focuses on the Papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 because of its crucial role in the viral life cycle, where it is vital for processing precursor proteins into functional components required for viral replication and propagation. This study investigated the inhibitory potential of flavonoid compounds derived from red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) and their derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro. Employing an in silico approach through molecular docking and MD simulation, internal validation was conducted by redocking the native ligand 100 times, resulting in an average RMSD of 0.228. The Molecular Docking stage conducted for all flavonoid compounds found in red fruit revealed that Quercetin 3′-glucoside exhibited a binding energy of -8.2440 Kcal/mol, surpassing its comparators, remdesivir and paxlovid, which recorded binding energies of -8.2590 Kcal/mol and -7.2170 Kcal/mol, respectively. Consequently, Quercetin 3′-glucoside was selected as a reference compound for identifying derivative compounds. Subsequently, a derivative compound coded DN5 (2-hydroxy-5-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)phenyl 2-methoxybenzoate) was obtained, demonstrating a higher binding energy than the reference compound, remdesivir, and paxlovid, with a value of -8.9300 Kcal/mol. Molecular dynamic simulations over 100 ns at 300 K further validated the stability of DN5's structure, supported by the presence of hydrogen bonds, van der Waals bonds, and several other bonds, underscoring its potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 PLpro and positioning it as a promising candidate for drug development. Keywords: Docking, MD Simulation, red fruit, SARS-CoV-2 PLpro]]>
<![CDATA[Adsorption of Cationic Malachite Green Dye using Easily Separated Adsorbent of Magnetized Coal Fly Ash ]]>
<![CDATA[Romadhona, Miftakhul]]>;
<![CDATA[Aprilita, Nurul Hidayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Mudasir, Mudasir]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11756
<![CDATA[A study on the synthesis of magnetized adsorbents from coal fly ash (FA) for the adsorption of malachite green (MG) dye has been conducted. The method involves acid activation and ferrite magnetization of FA. The activation of FA was performed by mixing it in an HCl solution, while the magnetization was carried out by the coprecipitation method using the molar ratio of 1:2 of Fe2+/Fe3+. The magnetized coal fly ash adsorbent (FA/Fe3O4) was then utilized to adsorb the MG dye, and the results were compared with that adsorbed by activated fly ash (AFA). Characterization of the materials was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The optimized parameters in the adsorption study were pH, adsorbent mass, contact time, and initial concentration. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of MG dye with AFA and FA/Fe3O4 are obtained at pH 7, the adsorbent mass of 0.1 and 0.25 g respectively, a contact time of 45 minutes, and the initial concentration of MG dye of 175 ppm. The MG adsorption on both adsorbents follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and can be best described by the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The synthesized adsorbent is prospective as it is low cost and easily separable from the solution using an external magnet after adsorption. Keywords: Adsorption, coal fly ash, magnetite, malachite green]]>
