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The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Published by International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd.
ISSN : -     EISSN : 3048104X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
ims: The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine aims to advance the field of medicine by disseminating high-quality research findings that are accessible to a broad audience of healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers. The journal is committed to supporting the development of medical knowledge and practice in Indonesia and globally, fostering innovative research and evidence-based clinical practices. Scope: The journal covers a wide range of topics within the general medical field, including but not limited to: Clinical studies in various medical disciplines Epidemiological research and public health issues Innovations in diagnostic techniques and treatments Reviews on current practices and emerging trends in medicine Case studies and clinical trials Health policy and medical education The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine welcomes submissions from all areas of medicine, particularly those that have significant implications for patient care, public health, and policy-making. The journal encourages submissions that offer new insights, propose novel approaches, or address challenges pertinent to the Indonesian and international medical communities.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 190 Documents
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Which Anti-VEGF Therapy (Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab, or Aflibercept) Demonstrates The Most Cost-Effective Outcomes For Treating Age-Related Macular Degeneration ? : A Systematic Review Olivia Putri Chairunnisa; Mia Audina; Irawati
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/vbsedq58

Abstract

Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), particularly its neovascular form (nAMD), is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies, including ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept, have revolutionized treatment by inhibiting pathological angiogenesis. However, their high costs and varying efficacy profiles necessitate a comprehensive evaluation of cost-effectiveness to guide clinical and policy decisions. Methods: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analyzing 40 studies from databases like PubMed, Sagepub, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria focused on adult AMD patients treated with anti-VEGF agents, reporting both clinical outcomes (e.g., visual acuity, central retinal thickness) and cost data. Data extraction included study design, intervention details, patient demographics, visual outcomes, cost-effectiveness metrics, and adverse events. Results: Bevacizumab emerged as the most cost-effective option, with annual costs significantly lower than ranibizumab and aflibercept (e.g., €27,087/year vs. +€4,000–€6,000). All three agents showed comparable efficacy in visual acuity improvements, though aflibercept required fewer injections (7.0/year vs. ranibizumab’s 5.8/year). Safety profiles were similar, but bevacizumab was associated with marginally higher systemic risks. Economic analyses highlighted bevacizumab’s dominance in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), while aflibercept’s reduced injection frequency offered potential long-term savings. Discussion: Despite bevacizumab’s economic advantages, its off-label status and safety concerns limit universal adoption. Ranibizumab and aflibercept, though FDA-approved, present higher financial burdens. Geographic disparities in drug pricing and dosing regimens further influence cost-effectiveness. Emerging agents like brolucizumab show promise but require long-term safety data. Conclusion: Bevacizumab is the most cost-effective anti-VEGF therapy for nAMD, balancing efficacy and affordability. Policymakers should prioritize its inclusion in formularies, especially in resource-limited settings, while addressing regulatory and safety barriers.
What are The Most Effective Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Managing Progression of Cerebral Atrophy in Patients with Neurodegenerative Disorders? : A Systematic Review Franky Abryanto; Anistia Wigata; Susi Susanti Gurning
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/pdy3qg38

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebral atrophy, a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), leads to cognitive and functional decline. Identifying effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to slow this progression is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, including RCTs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or longitudinal observational studies of adults with neurodegenerative disorders. Studies required validated neuroimaging (MRI/CT) for atrophy assessment, minimum 6-month follow-up, and quantitative brain volume measures. A PICO-based keyword strategy was used for database searches. Results: Thirty-one studies were included, predominantly focusing on MS and AD. Pharmacological interventions, especially in MS, consistently reduced brain atrophy rates. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine showed small but significant effects in AD. Non-pharmacological interventions like exercise and cognitive rehabilitation preserved brain structure and improved function, particularly in early-stage disease or cognitively impaired individuals. Combined interventions showed additional benefits in AD. Discussion: Pharmacological agents like siponimod and ibudilast demonstrated robust atrophy reduction in MS. In AD, cholinesterase inhibitors and choline precursors reduced gray matter atrophy. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as exercise with music, preserved medial temporal lobe integrity and daily living activities. While direct comparisons are sparse, pharmacological interventions appear more potent in MS, while combined approaches excel in AD. Early intervention and patient neural reserve significantly influence efficacy. Conclusion: Effective cerebral atrophy management demands disease-specific, early, and tailored interventions. Pharmacological interventions show strong structural benefits in MS and AD, while non-pharmacological and multimodal approaches offer complementary advantages, especially in early-stage disease. Future research should prioritize head-to-head comparisons to optimize treatment protocols and improve long-term outcomes.
What Are The Differences In Melasma Diagnosis And Management Across Diverse Ethnic Populations With Varying Skin Types? : A Systematic Review Juliave Dora Odheta Purba; Ketut Kwartantaya Winaya; Pande Agung Mahariski
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/wxrcgp16

Abstract

Introduction: Melasma presents significant therapeutic challenges due to its varied presentation across diverse ethnic populations and skin types. There is a critical need for treatment strategies tailored to a patient's ethnic background and Fitzpatrick skin type to optimize efficacy while minimizing risks such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), particularly in darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick III-V). Methods: This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Springer, and Sagepub databases was performed using a PICO-based strategy to identify studies on melasma diagnosis and management with respect to ethnic variations or skin types. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria for final analysis. Results: The Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) was the most common diagnostic tool. Treatment efficacy varied significantly by population. In Indian cohorts, salicylic-mandelic acid peels and topical tranexamic acid were found to be safe and effective. Asian populations showed a preference for combination laser therapies, such as dual toning and picosecond lasers, to reduce the risk of rebound hyperpigmentation. Triple combination creams were effective in Middle Eastern skin , and non-hydroquinone alternatives demonstrated efficacy across multi-ethnic groups. High recurrence rates and PIH remain major challenges, especially in darker skin. Conclusion: The evidence confirms that a 'one-size-fits-all' approach to melasma is obsolete. Effective management requires a personalized strategy that considers the patient's ethnicity and skin phototype to balance efficacy with pigmentary safety. Combination therapies targeting multiple pathogenic pathways are superior , and the use of versatile agents like tranexamic acid alongside strict sun protection is crucial. Individualizing treatment is paramount for achieving sustained improvement and managing this chronic condition.
Transfusi Darah Dalam Pandangan Islam Nadila Ardyani Nahardi; Irna Diyana Kartika Kamaluddin; Nurfadhillah Khalid; Ida Royani
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/gsczjq72

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Transfusi darah merupakan intervensi medis penting yang sering kali menjadi penentu keselamatan jiwa dalam kondisi darurat. Namun, dalam konteks Islam, praktik ini menimbulkan pertanyaan fiqhiyah karena Al-Qur’an dan Hadis tidak secara eksplisit membahasnya, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan ijtihadiyah untuk menetapkan hukumnya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perspektif hukum Islam terkait transfusi darah melalui telaah literatur ilmiah, serta mengidentifikasi pendapat ulama dan dalil syar’i yang mendukung praktik tersebut sebagai bentuk penyelamatan jiwa. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan narrative literature review dengan metode pencarian data berdasarkan pendekatan PICO. Sumber data berasal dari jurnal ilmiah, laporan nasional, dan literatur relevan lainnya yang diperoleh melalui database elektronik seperti Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ResearchGate. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan tabel sintesis terhadap tujuh artikel terpilih. Hasil: Dari tujuh artikel yang dianalisis, enam membahas secara eksplisit hukum transfusi darah dalam Islam, dan satu artikel fokus pada manfaat donor darah secara medis. Sebagian besar artikel sepakat bahwa transfusi darah diperbolehkan, bahkan diwajibkan dalam kondisi darurat. Mayoritas ulama menganggap donor darah sebagai amal saleh, dengan dasar kaidah fikih “ad-darūrāt tubīḥu al-maḥẓūrāt” dan prinsip ḥifẓ al-nafs dalam maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. Kesimpulan: Transfusi darah dalam pandangan Islam merupakan bentuk tolong-menolong dalam kebajikan  yang tidak hanya diperbolehkan, tetapi juga sangat dianjurkan dalam situasi darurat. Donor darah merupakan amal ibadah kontemporer yang mencerminkan nilai kemanusiaan dan solidaritas sosial. Disarankan agar edukasi mengenai transfusi darah ditingkatkan melalui kerja sama antara lembaga kesehatan dan institusi keagamaan untuk mendorong partisipasi masyarakat Muslim secara aktif dan sadar syar’i.
Tuberkulosis Paru Aktif Dengan Anemia Mikrositik Hipokrom Pada Remaja 16 Tahun : Sebuah Laporan Kasus Andi Muhammad Aqil Anwar; Muhammad Alfian Jafar; Floria Eva
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/fnxaj356

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi menular yang masih menjadi beban kesehatan global, dengan Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua tertinggi jumlah kasus TB di dunia. Anak dan remaja termasuk kelompok rentan yang sering menunjukkan gejala tidak khas, sehingga diagnosis sering terlambat. TB paru sering disertai anemia, terutama anemia mikrositik hipokrom, yang dapat memperburuk kondisi klinis dan respons terapi. Laporan Kasus: Dilaporkan seorang remaja perempuan usia 16 tahun datang dengan keluhan demam naik turun, batuk, sesak napas, mual, muntah, serta penurunan berat badan 5 kg dalam sebulan. Riwayat kontak erat dengan penderita TB paru ditemukan. Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan konjungtiva anemis, ronki paru, dan retraksi dinding dada. Pemeriksaan fotothorax menunjukkan hasil TB paru aktif, dengan BTA positif dan darah rutin menunjukkan anemia mikrositik hipokrom (Hb 7,8 g/dL, MCV 65,4 fL). Hasil: Berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang pasien didiagnosis dengan TB Paru terkonfirmasi bakteriologis dan anemia mikrositik hipokrom. Pasien diberikan terapi antituberkulosis sesuai pedoman WHO dan IDAI, yaitu HRZE selama 2 bulan diikuti HR selama 4 bulan. Anemia ditangani dengan pemberian transfuse PRC sebanyak 2 x 250 mL. Edukasi dan pemantauan terapi turut diberikan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan. Kesimpulan: Kasus ini menegaskan pentingnya deteksi dini TB pada remaja, terutama pada pasien dengan riwayat kontak dan gejala sistemik. Penatalaksanaan terpadu terhadap TB dan anemia memberikan hasil klinis yang baik dan mencegah komplikasi jangka panjang.
Hubungan Karakteristik Ibu Primipara dengan Terjadinya Baby Blues : Literature Review M. Hamsah; Isma Inggit Milinia Wati Nur; Erlyn Limoa
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/v64yf664

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Fenomena baby blues merupakan kondisi yang cukup umum dialami oleh ibu pasca persalinan di seluruh dunia. Menurut World Health Organization, prevalensi baby blues di seluruh dunia berkisar antara  0,5%  hingga  60,8%. Ibu primipara merupakan kelompok yang rentan mengalami baby blues syndrome akibat kurangnya pengalaman, ketidaksiapan emosional, serta terbatasnya dukungan sosial setelah persalinan. Kondisi ini dapat mengganggu kesehatan mental ibu dan perkembangan bayi. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain narrative review. Dengan metode ini, review dan identifikasi jurnal dapat dilakukan secara sistematis, dengan setiap proses dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur atau protokol yang telah ditetapkan. Studi ini juga menggunakan metode PICO untuk mencari literatur. Hasil : Tinjauan literatur menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik ibu seperti usia (<20 tahun atau >35 tahun), pekerjaan (baik ibu rumah tangga maupun wanita karir), serta dukungan suami dan status kehamilan, berhubungan dengan kejadian baby blues. Faktor-faktor ini mempengaruhi kesiapan psikologis dan kemampuan adaptasi ibu dalam menjalani masa nifas. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik ibu primipara dengan kejadian baby blues. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi tenaga kesehatan untuk melakukan deteksi dini dan memberikan dukungan psikososial guna mencegah gangguan yang lebih serius.
What is The Relationship Between Seasonal Weather Variations and Tension Headache Prevalence among Working Professionals in Urban Environments? : A Systematic Review Satya Agung Nugroho; Nazalla Gwen Vaganesha; Hasnan Habib Afifudin
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/px8p3168

Abstract

Introduction: Tension-type headaches are a prevalent condition among working professionals in urban environments, significantly impacting productivity and quality of life. While anecdotal evidence suggests a link between weather changes and headache onset, scientific validation for this association remains unclear. This systematic review aims to evaluate the relationship between seasonal weather variations and the prevalence of tension-type headaches among this specific population. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Springer, and Google Scholar. The review included observational studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, and systematic reviews focusing on adult working professionals (18-65 years) in urban settings who experience tension-type headaches. The primary criteria required studies to have clear methodologies for measuring outdoor weather variables. Results: The search identified 10,306 records, from which 21 studies were included in the final synthesis. A significant finding was the profound lack of direct evidence; the majority of included studies did not measure or report on weather variables. The few that did found associations between barometric pressure changes and self-reported weather sensitivity with headache induction. In contrast, the review found substantial evidence linking workplace factors to headaches, including sedentary work, indoor air quality, and psychological stress. Interventions such as acupuncture and relaxation exercises were shown to be effective in reducing headache frequency and severity. Discussion: The scarcity of high-quality research prevents a definitive conclusion on the relationship between seasonal weather and tension headaches. The available evidence is more robust in identifying modifiable occupational and indoor environmental risk factors. The findings suggest that for urban professionals, the immediate work environment may be a more significant and consistent contributor to headache pathogenesis than ambient meteorological conditions. Conclusion: While the link between seasonal weather and tension headaches in urban working professionals remains unverified due to a lack of dedicated research, this review highlights the critical role of the workplace environment. Addressing occupational risk factors through targeted interventions presents a more evidence-based approach to mitigating the burden of tension headaches in this population.
Characteristics Of Herpes Zoster Patients At The Dermatology And Venereology Outpatient Clinic Of Wangaya Regional Hospital  From January 2021 - December 2024 Ida Ayu Trisna Wulandari; Putu Ayu Krisna Cahyaning Putri; Putu Eksa Bidja; Ida Ayu Uttari Priyadarshini
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/1v86qx81

Abstract

Introduction: Herpes zoster (HZ) is a clinical condition resulting from the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV), typically presenting as painful, unilateral vesicular eruptions. Its incidence tends to increase with advancing age and in individuals with compromised immune systems. Objective: This study aims to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with HZ at the Dermatology and Venereology outpatient clinic of Wangaya Regional Hospital. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. Secondary data were obtained from medical records of patients diagnosed with HZ between January 2021 and December 2024. A total sampling method was applied, including 56 eligible patients. Results: The highest proportion of patients was in the 61–80-year age group (30.36%), followed by those aged 41–60 years (28.57%). Females accounted for 53.57% of cases. Vesicular and/or bullous lesions were the most common presentation (89.28%), with the thoracic dermatome being the most frequently affected region (44.64%). A majority of patients (60.71%) had no comorbidities; however, hypertension was the most prevalent comorbid condition (27.28%). Most patients (80.36%) received combination therapy comprising oral antivirals and topical agents. Post-herpetic neuralgia (21.43%) was the most commonly reported complication. Conclusion: Herpes zoster predominantly affects elderly individuals, particularly involving the thoracic dermatomes. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial in minimizing complications.
Pengaruh Pemberian Seduhan Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia Sinensis) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total dan High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) pada Mencit (Mus Musculus) yang Menderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Ghina Ayuna Rizka; Armanto Makmum; Imran Safei
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/6rwmvs60

Abstract

Latar belakang: Gangguan kadar lipid dapat ditemukan pada pasien diabetes melitus. Teh hijau (camellia sinensis L.Kuntze) dapat menurunkan berat badan, kolesterol, trigliserida, dan glukosa darah. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian seduhan teh hijau (camellia sinensis L.Kuntze) terhadap perubahan kadar Kolesterol total dan High Density Lipoprotein pada Mencit (Mus Musculus) yang menderita DM tipe 2. Metode: Menggunakan desain pretest-posttest control group design dengan jumlah Mencit (Mus musculus) Sebanyak 20 ekor yang terbagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu control negatif (placebo), kelompok perlakuan dosis 1 (30mg/dl), kelompok perlakuan dosis 2 (37,5mg/dl), dan kelompok kontrol positif (simvastatin) Intervensi dilakukan selama 14 hari. analisis data menggunakan uji T berpasangan dan uji One Way Anova. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji One Way Anova diperoleh nilai p berturut-turut pada Kolesterol total sebesar (p=0,000) dan pada High Density Lipoprotein perlakuan P1 sebesar (p=0,008) dan perlakuan P2 (p=0,016). Kesimpulan: Pemberian seduhan teh hijau sama efektifnya dengan pemberian simvastatin.
Role Model Dokter Pendidik Klinik di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Hermalia Fathna Safitri; Sri Julyani; Moh. Reza Zainal Abidin
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/tm4e4t96

Abstract

Pendidikan di lingkungan kedokteran merupakan bagian penting dari pendidikan kedokteran. Dapat dikatakan bahwa keberhasilan proses pembelajaran klinik akan menentukan kualitas dokter yang dihasilkan dari pendidikan kedokteran. Keterampilan klinis, kemampuan komunikasi, dan profesionalisme seorang dokter sebenarnya diperoleh ketika menjalani pembelajaran klinis. Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan literatur bisa ditarik kesimpulan bahwasanya keterampilan pendidik, kualitas / karakteristik pendidik, keterampilan klinis, profesional, pendidik / mentor yang efektif,  pendidik medis yang menginspirasi, pelayanan medis yang sangat baik dan pembelajaran mandiri merupakan berbagai role model dokter pendidik klinik di rumah sakit pendidikan.

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