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The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Published by International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd.
ISSN : -     EISSN : 3048104X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
ims: The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine aims to advance the field of medicine by disseminating high-quality research findings that are accessible to a broad audience of healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers. The journal is committed to supporting the development of medical knowledge and practice in Indonesia and globally, fostering innovative research and evidence-based clinical practices. Scope: The journal covers a wide range of topics within the general medical field, including but not limited to: Clinical studies in various medical disciplines Epidemiological research and public health issues Innovations in diagnostic techniques and treatments Reviews on current practices and emerging trends in medicine Case studies and clinical trials Health policy and medical education The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine welcomes submissions from all areas of medicine, particularly those that have significant implications for patient care, public health, and policy-making. The journal encourages submissions that offer new insights, propose novel approaches, or address challenges pertinent to the Indonesian and international medical communities.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 205 Documents
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Gambaran Cakupan Imunisasi Dasar Balita Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Tahun 2020-2022 Fajriani Yusma; Shofiyah Latief; Sidrah Darma; Andi Husni Esa Darussalam; Abdi Dwiyanto Putra Samosir
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 21 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/rw3f8j43

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Imunisasi dasar merupakan intervensi kesehatan primer yang terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan angka kesakitan, kecacatan, dan kematian akibat Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah Dengan Imunisasi (PD3I). Pandemi COVID-19 sejak 2020 menyebabkan pembatasan mobilitas, perubahan akses layanan kesehatan, dan penundaan pelayanan rutin, sehingga berpotensi menurunkan cakupan imunisasi balita. Kondisi ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan meningkatnya risiko Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) PD3I pada periode pascapandemi. Tujuan: Meninjau gambaran cakupan imunisasi dasar balita serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penurunannya selama pandemi COVID-19 tahun 2020–2022. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain literature review dengan pendekatan narrative review. Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui PubMed, Google Scholar, DOAJ, ScienceDirect, dan SINTA menggunakan kata kunci terkait imunisasi dasar balita dan pandemi COVID-19. Kriteria inklusi mencakup artikel tahun 2020–2025 dan textbook 2015–2025 dalam bahasa Indonesia atau Inggris. Total 20 artikel memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis secara naratif berdasarkan hasil, metode, dan konteks wilayah penelitian. Hasil: Sebagian besar studi menunjukkan penurunan cakupan imunisasi dasar selama pandemi, berkisar 18–30% di berbagai daerah. Faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan adalah ketakutan orang tua terhadap penularan COVID-19, akses fasilitas kesehatan yang terbatas, kebijakan pembatasan mobilitas, kurangnya sosialisasi, keterbatasan tenaga kesehatan, serta faktor sosiodemografis seperti pendidikan dan pengetahuan ibu. Beberapa studi juga menunjukkan bahwa dukungan keluarga, kualitas layanan, serta intervensi pendidikan kesehatan mampu meningkatkan kembali cakupan imunisasi. Beberapa daerah mulai menunjukkan pemulihan cakupan pada 2021–2022. Kesimpulan: Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak signifikan terhadap penurunan cakupan imunisasi dasar balita di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Faktor dominan yang berpengaruh meliputi pengetahuan ibu, dukungan keluarga, akses layanan, serta persepsi risiko terhadap COVID-19. Upaya pemulihan cakupan diperlukan melalui peningkatan edukasi, penguatan layanan primer, pemerataan akses posyandu, serta strategi mitigasi agar program imunisasi tetap berjalan dalam kondisi krisis.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review of The Relationship between Vaginal Douching and The Increased Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Annisa Nurul Qalbi; Andaru Cahya Sekarini
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 22 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/3vx4sw04

Abstract

Introduction: Vaginal douching is a widespread intimate hygiene practice, particularly among women of reproductive age, driven by cultural, religious, and personal hygiene motivations. Despite its prevalence, there is ongoing debate regarding its impact on vaginal health, specifically its potential role in increasing the risk of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) (Rael et al., 2021; Umami et al., 2022). Methods: This comprehensive systematic review followed a structured screening and data extraction protocol. We included observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) and systematic reviews/meta-analyses examining vaginal douching as a primary exposure and reporting BV and/or STI outcomes. A total of 40 sources were included after applying criteria related to population, exposure, outcomes, and study design. Results: The evidence presents a complex and heterogeneous picture. For BV, intervention studies on douching cessation showed minimal overall impact on prevalence (Klebanoff et al., 2006; Sivapalasingam et al., 2014; Masese et al., 2012). However, subgroup analyses revealed significant risk reduction for women who douched post-menstruation (Brotman et al., 2008). Observational data indicated an increased risk of BV recurrence associated with vaginal cleansing (Guédou et al., 2013). For STIs, findings were inconsistent. While a large RCT found no significant link between douching and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) (Rothman et al., 2003), meta-analyses suggested an elevated risk of HIV acquisition (Hilber et al., 2010; Low et al., 2011), and cross-sectional studies reported higher STD history among douchers (Yıldırım et al., 2020). Dose-response relationships were noted for HPV infection (Museba et al., 2021). Discussion: The heterogeneity in findings can be attributed to population differences, methodological quality, douching practices (frequency, timing, solution), and challenges with reverse causation and confounding. Biological mechanisms proposed include disruption of vaginal microbiota and pH, mucosal trauma, and inflammation (Sivapalasingam et al., 2014; Tokmak et al., 2015; Masese et al., 2011). Conclusion: Current evidence does not support a universal, strong causal link between all douching practices and increased BV/STI risk. The association appears modified by practice characteristics and population context. Public health messaging should move beyond blanket warnings to provide nuanced, context-specific education on vaginal health.
PERBANDINGAN MODALITAS RADIOLOGI DALAM DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT GAGAL JANTUNG KONGESTIF (CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE/CHF) : TINJAUAN LITERATUR Ananda Hikmal Akbari; Wisudawan; Ana Meliyana
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 22 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/e45evv95

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Gagal Jantung Kongestif (Congestive Heart Failure/CHF) merupakan sindrom klinis kompleks dengan prevalensi dan beban morbiditas yang terus meningkat secara global, termasuk di Indonesia. Diagnosis CHF sering terkendala oleh gejala yang tidak spesifik, sehingga pemeriksaan pencitraan radiologi memegang peran penting dalam menegakkan diagnosis, menilai fungsi jantung, menentukan etiologi, serta memantau respons terapi. Berbagai modalitas radiologi tersedia, masing-masing dengan kelebihan dan keterbatasan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan pustaka (literature review) menggunakan data sekunder dari jurnal ilmiah, buku teks, dan e-book yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2015–2025. Penelusuran dilakukan melalui PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, ProQuest, dan ResearchGate. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, kemudian dianalisis secara naratif untuk membandingkan performa diagnostik berbagai modalitas radiologi dalam diagnosis CHF. Hasil: Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa ekokardiografi tetap menjadi modalitas lini pertama karena ketersediaan dan efisiensinya, meskipun memiliki keterbatasan akurasi terutama pada 2D-ekokardiografi. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR/MRI) merupakan standar emas untuk evaluasi fungsi dan karakterisasi jaringan miokard. Cardiac CT berkembang sebagai alternatif untuk evaluasi anatomi koroner dan fibrosis. Foto toraks (CXR) berperan sebagai skrining awal, sementara Dynamic Chest Radiography (DCR) dan penerapan kecerdasan buatan menunjukkan potensi sebagai metode non-invasif tambahan. Kesimpulan: Diagnosis CHF memerlukan pendekatan multimodalitas radiologi. Pemilihan modalitas harus disesuaikan dengan tujuan klinis, ketersediaan fasilitas, dan kondisi pasien untuk memperoleh diagnosis yang akurat dan optimal.
Peran Asam Folat pada Masa Kehamilan Terhadap Pencegahan Stunting Pada Anak Shafa Nathania Utami; Nur Fatimah Sirajuddin; Abdi Dwiyanto
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 22 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/08bfm854

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan anak yang serius dan berdampak jangka panjang pada pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan kognitif, dan produktivitas di masa dewasa. Kekurangan asam folat pada ibu hamil menjadi salah satu faktor risiko utama terjadinya stunting karena folat berperan penting dalam pembelahan sel, sintesis DNA, perkembangan sistem saraf pusat, dan pembentukan hemoglobin pada janin. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan menganalisis 15 artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020–2025. Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui Google Scholar dengan kata kunci terkait asam folat, kehamilan, dan stunting. Artikel yang dianalisis dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan, kemudian dianalisis secara naratif untuk memahami hubungan antara asam folat pada masa kehamilan dengan pencegahan stunting pada anak.. Hasil: Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa kecukupan asam folat sejak masa pra-konsepsi dan selama kehamilan berperan signifikan dalam mencegah stunting. Asupan folat yang adekuat mendukung perkembangan otak janin, fungsi plasenta yang optimal, dan ketersediaan nutrisi yang memadai bagi janin. Ibu hamil dengan defisiensi energi, anemia, atau kekurangan mikronutrien termasuk folat memiliki risiko lebih tinggi melahirkan anak dengan pertumbuhan terhambat. Intervensi gizi tepat waktu dapat menurunkan prevalensi stunting hingga 20%. Kesimpulan: Asam folat merupakan nutrisi penting yang efektif dalam pencegahan stunting. Pemenuhan folat sejak pra-konsepsi hingga kehamilan dapat mendukung pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan kognitif anak secara optimal. Upaya edukasi, suplementasi, dan pemantauan gizi ibu hamil menjadi strategi kunci dalam pencegahan stunting di masyarakat.
The Comprehensive Systematic Review of Association of Beta Blocker Titration Strategy to Patient Tolerance and Outcomes Dzaka Alim Asyam; Arif Setyo Hutomo
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/60z8sc16

Abstract

Introduction: Beta-blockers are cornerstone therapies in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF), yet achieving guideline-directed target doses in clinical practice remains challenging due to tolerability issues, often related to excessive heart rate reduction or hypotension. This creates a significant therapeutic gap between trial evidence and real-world application. Methods: This systematic review to compare two primary strategies for optimizing heart rate control in HFrEF: 1) The conventional strategy of up-titrating beta-blockers to maximum tolerated or target doses. 2) The combination strategy of using a lower or moderate dose of a beta-blocker with the addition of ivabradine, a selective sinus node inhibitor. Results: Both strategies effectively reduce heart rate, a key prognostic marker in HFrEF. Up-titration of beta-blockers like bisoprolol or carvedilol to target doses is associated with improved mortality, hospitalization rates, and left ventricular function (Fiuzat et al., 2016; Kato et al., 2013). However, a significant proportion of patients cannot tolerate full-dose titration (Gelbrich et al., 2012; Düngen et al., 2011). The combination of ivabradine with a beta-blocker provides an equivalent or superior reduction in heart rate and improvement in exercise capacity, left ventricular function, and clinical outcomes compared to forced beta-blocker up-titration, often with better tolerability (Amosova et al., 2011; Bagriy et al., 2015; Imamura et al., 2021). Discussion: The debate centers on whether therapy should be "dose-targeted" or "heart rate-targeted." Evidence suggests that achieved heart rate is a stronger predictor of outcomes than the beta-blocker dose itself (Fiuzat et al., 2016; McAlister et al., 2009). Therefore, for patients who are intolerant to high-dose beta-blockers, the combination strategy with ivabradine represents a viable and effective alternative to reach therapeutically beneficial heart rates (<70 bpm). This approach can mitigate side effects like fatigue and hypotension while still conferring prognostic benefit. Conclusion: Optimizing heart rate control is paramount in HFrEF management. While diligent up-titration of beta-blockers to evidence-based doses should remain the first-line goal, the addition of ivabradine is a crucial strategy for patients who cannot tolerate such titration. A personalized, heart rate-targeted treatment strategy, rather than a rigid dose-focused approach, may improve overall guideline adherence and patient outcomes.
Tatalaksana Pasien dengan Eritroderma Psoriasis: Sebuah Laporan Kasus Nurlaela Sari; Erlina Ari Windyareski
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/hqb0e103

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Eritroderma psoriasis (EP) adalah subtipe yamg jarang dari psoriasis vulgaris dengan prevalensi 1-2% dari pasien psoriasis. EP memiliki ciri berupa eritema generalisata dan skuama yang melibatkan lebih dari 75-90% luas permukaan tubuh. Pasien dengan psoriasis yang tidak terkontrol lebih mungkin untuk mendapatkan kondisi ini dan tanpa pengobatan yang tepat, dapat mengakibatkan morbiditas yang signifikan dan, dalam beberapa keadaan, mortalitas. Kami melaporkan sebuah kasus EP dengan tatalaksana yang berhasil di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara. Ilustrasi kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 42 tahun datang dengan keluhan rasa gatal dan terbakar di kulit sekujur tubuhnya disertai kulit yang mengelupas sejak 3 bulan terakhir. Pasien memiliki riwayat psoriasis selama 24 tahun tetapi tidak rutin berobat. Tanda-tanda vital stabil dan pemeriksaan laboratorium dalam batas normal. Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan plak hiperkeratosis generalisata dengan skuama psoriasiform. Skor PASI sebesar 41.9. Pasien tersebut mendapatkan metotreksat 7.5 mg, asam folat, vitamin D, cetirizine, dan terapi topikal (asam salisilat, antibiotik, lanolin, dan salep kortikosteroid poten). Setelah 1 minggu, kondisi kulit pasien membaik secara signifikan, tidak ada lagi keluhan gatal dan panas. Skor PASI berkurang sebanyak 75.2% menjadi 10.4. Kesimpulan: EP merupakan kegawatdaruratan di bidang dermatologi yang memerlukan pendekatan secara holistik dan respon cepat. Tatalaksana pasien termasuk stabilisasi, koreksi ketidakseimbangan, menjaga fungsi barier kulit, dan mencegah infeksi. Terapi topikal dan agen sistemik harus dipertimbangkan secara individual pada setiap pasien.
Sequential Serratia liquefaciens and Serratia odorifera Pneumonia in an Elderly Patient with ARDS and Septic Shock: A Case Report Aditya Kafi Amrullah; Syarifuddin; Reza Gusni S
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/a2x0jy64

Abstract

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the elderly is frequently precipitated by nosocomial pneumonia and complicated by sepsis and cardiac comorbidity. While Serratia marcescens is a recognized pathogen, pneumonia due to non-marcescens Serratia (e.g., S. liquefaciens, S. odorifera) is exceptionally rare. Antimicrobial stewardship—with early broad empiric therapy followed by de-escalation—may reshape respiratory microbiology during prolonged ICU care. Case Presentation: A 78-year-old man with hypertension and remote pulmonary tuberculosis presented with 3 days of progressive dyspnea and epigastric chest pain radiating to the right arm, plus diaphoresis. On arrival: RR 42/min, HR 105/min, BP 50/30 mmHg, SpO₂ 57% (room air). Chest radiographs showed bilateral alveolar infiltrates; he was intubated and ventilated (PSIMV, FiO₂ 100%, PEEP 5 cmH₂O) with persistent severe hypoxemia consistent with ARDS. Initial labs revealed leukocytosis, elevated CRP, D-dimer 430 ng/mL FEU, anemia, hypokalemia, and variable glycemia; ionized calcium was repeatedly low (0.97–1.05 mmol/L). He developed recurrent SVT with RBBB (rates up to ~200 bpm) requiring amiodarone and bisoprolol. Empiric meropenem (1 g IV q8h) was started. Sputum culture on day 2 grew Serratia liquefaciens. Following antimicrobial adjustment, a repeat culture on day 7 yielded S. odorifera with an AmpC-like resistance pattern (non-susceptible to early-generation cephalosporins/aminopenicillins; susceptible to cefepime / carbapenem / fluoroquinolone / TMP-SMX).Therapy was tailored to levofloxacin 750 mg IV daily plus cefoperazone 1 g IV q12h. Blood cultures remained negative; GeneXpert MTB/RIF was negative. Tracheostomy on ICU day 5 enabled weaning (PSV→CPAP→T-piece 10→5 L/min) with SpO₂ 96–99%. Doppler later showed right popliteal artery stenosis; heparin was escalated to therapeutic dosing. By ICU day 14, he was clinically improved and transferred to the ward. Conclusion: This case illustrates sequential pneumonia due to two rare non-marcescens Serratia species in severe ARDS, emphasizing careful microbiologic reassessment during stewardship-driven therapy and the value of targeted antibiotics plus multidisciplinary ICU care.
Pendekatan Terintegrasi Intermittent Fasting, Diet Rendah Karbohidrat, dan Aktivitas Fisik dalam Memperbaiki Obesitas, Hipertensi, dan Gangguan Glikemik: Sebuah Laporan Kasus Sulastri; Charles Sanjaya
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/zfpywk96

Abstract

Obesitas, hipertensi, dan gangguan glikemik merupakan masalah kardiometabolik yang sering terjadi bersamaan dan saling memperberat risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Perubahan gaya hidup menjadi pilar utama tatalaksana, namun laporan kasus yang menggambarkan pendekatan terintegrasi secara praktis di layanan primer masih terbatas. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan hasil klinis penerapan pendekatan terintegrasi berupa intermittent fasting, diet rendah karbohidrat, aktivitas fisik teratur, dan terapi antihipertensi tunggal pada pasien dengan obesitas, hipertensi, dan gangguan glikemik. Seorang perempuan usia 39 tahun dengan obesitas, hipertensi stage 2, dan kadar gula darah sewaktu meningkat menjalani pemantauan selama enam bulan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan primer. Pada awal observasi, pasien memiliki berat badan 105 kg, lingkar perut 105 cm, tekanan darah 180/100 mmHg, gula darah sewaktu 248 mg/dl, dan kolesterol total 210 mg/dl. Intervensi yang diberikan meliputi intermittent fasting pola 16:8, diet rendah karbohidrat dengan pengurangan makanan olahan, aktivitas fisik intensitas sedang berupa jalan santai selama satu jam sebanyak tiga kali seminggu, serta terapi farmakologis candesartan 8 mg satu kali sehari. Selama periode observasi enam bulan, terjadi perbaikan klinis yang konsisten dan bermakna. Berat badan menurun menjadi 85 kg, lingkar perut menjadi 98 cm, tekanan darah menjadi 120/90 mmHg, gula darah sewaktu menjadi 140 mg/dl, dan kolesterol total menjadi 156 mg/dl. Pasien menunjukkan kepatuhan yang baik terhadap intervensi dan tidak mengalami efek samping bermakna. Pendekatan terintegrasi yang mengombinasikan perubahan gaya hidup terstruktur dan terapi farmakologis minimal terbukti efektif dalam memperbaiki parameter kardiometabolik pada pasien usia produktif, serta berpotensi diterapkan secara luas di layanan primer.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review of The Relationship Between Obesity and The Prevalence of Dyspepsia Yuliana Sintia; Abilio Noviandi Jung
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/8rynra60

Abstract

Introduction: The parallel rise in global obesity rates and the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders, particularly dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), presents a significant public health challenge. Understanding the nature and strength of this association is crucial for effective clinical management and public health strategies (Eslick, 2012; Mahadeva, 2023). Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted by screening studies from multiple databases. Studies were included if they investigated the obesity-dyspepsia association as a primary objective, used validated measures for both obesity (e.g., BMI, waist circumference) and dyspepsia (e.g., Rome criteria, clinical diagnosis), involved adult populations, and reported quantitative data. Data on study characteristics, obesity measures, dyspepsia definitions, population demographics, association findings, proposed mechanisms, and limitations were systematically extracted from 59 included sources. Results: The evidence demonstrates a consistent positive association between obesity—particularly central adiposity—and dyspepsia/GERD. Meta-analyses show overweight individuals (BMI 25-30 kg/m²) have an odds ratio (OR) of 1.43-1.60 for GERD, rising to 1.94-2.15 for those with obesity (BMI >30 kg/m²) (Hampel, Abraham, & El‐Serag, 2005; Corley & Kubo, 2006; Cai et al., 2012). Central obesity measures like waist circumference show even stronger correlations (Zhan et al., 2021). However, findings are heterogeneous, with associations attenuated when controlling for diet and physical activity (Levy et al., 2005), and weaker or absent in some ethnic groups, particularly Asian populations (Goh, 2007). Discussion: The relationship is mediated by multiple interconnected pathophysiological mechanisms, including mechanical effects (increased intra-abdominal pressure, lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction), inflammatory pathways, hormonal alterations, and visceral hypersensitivity (Mathus-Vliegen & Tytgat, 2002; Al Mushref & Srinivasan, 2013; Doerfler et al., 2020). Weight loss of at least 10% significantly improves symptoms and reduces medication need (de Bortoli et al., 2016), while proton pump inhibitor (PPI) efficacy appears unaffected by BMI (Sharma et al., 2013; Peura et al., 2011). Conclusion: Obesity, especially central adiposity, is a significant modifiable risk factor for dyspepsia and GERD. Clinical management should prioritize weight loss and waist circumference measurement alongside conventional therapy. Future research should focus on ethnic-specific mechanisms and the role of lifestyle confounders.
HUBUNGAN GAYA HIDUP DENGAN ONSET TERJADINYA KATARAK SENILIS Nemal Anugrahyanti; Marlyanti Nur Rahmah Akib; Faridah Amien; Suliati P Amir; Hikmah Hiromi
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/m9k6rs59

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Katarak senilis merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan yang dapat dicegah dan prevalensinya terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia populasi. Bukti epidemiologis menunjukkan bahwa faktor gaya hidup berperan penting dalam patogenesis katarak melalui mekanisme stres oksidatif, inflamasi kronis, dan gangguan metabolik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara faktor gaya hidup dengan kejadian katarak senilis berdasarkan telaah literatur ilmiah terkini. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan literature review dengan desain narrative review menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari jurnal internasional, jurnal nasional, sitasi Fakultas Kedokteran UMI, ClinicalKey, textbook, dan proceeding book yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2018–2025. Literatur yang membahas katarak non-senilis atau katarak akibat penyebab sekunder dikeluarkan dari kajian. Hasil: Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa gaya hidup tidak sehat seperti merokok, konsumsi alkohol, obesitas, pola makan rendah antioksidan, paparan sinar ultraviolet berlebihan, serta kurang aktivitas fisik berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko katarak senilis. Sebaliknya, gaya hidup sehat yang mencakup aktivitas fisik teratur intensitas moderat, pola makan kaya antioksidan, pemeliharaan berat badan ideal, perlindungan terhadap paparan UV, serta pengendalian penyakit metabolik memiliki efek protektif terhadap kejadian dan progresivitas katarak. Kesimpulan: Gaya hidup merupakan faktor determinan penting dalam kejadian katarak senilis, sehingga modifikasi gaya hidup sehat berpotensi menjadi strategi pencegahan primer yang efektif untuk menurunkan risiko dan beban katarak pada populasi lanjut usia.

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