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Educational Studies and Research Journal
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30319013     DOI : -
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Educational Studies and Research Journal (ESRJ) is a reputable and scholarly peer-reviewed publication that aims to advance knowledge and understanding in the field of education. ESRJ provides a platform for researchers, educators, policymakers, and practitioners to disseminate their original research, theoretical insights, and innovative practices. The journal covers a wide range of topics within the field of education, including curriculum development, educational psychology, teacher education, educational technology, and inclusive education, among others. By fostering the exchange of diverse ideas and evidence-based research, ESRJ seeks to contribute to the improvement of educational practices and policies, ultimately enhancing the quality of education and fostering positive educational outcomes. With a commitment to academic excellence and ethical publishing standards, ESRJ follows a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the high quality and validity of the published articles. The journal embraces interdisciplinary perspectives and encourages the exploration of novel approaches to address the challenges and opportunities in the ever-evolving educational landscape. By promoting open access to its published content, ESRJ facilitates the global dissemination of knowledge, enabling researchers and educators worldwide to access and benefit from the latest advancements in the field of education. Through its dedication to scholarly inquiry and innovative ideas, the Educational Studies and Research Journal continues to be an influential resource for the advancement of educational research and practices, making a significant impact on the field and the broader educational community.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 61 Documents
Uncovering the Factors that Caused the Decline in the Civil Liberties Space on the Quality of Democracy in 2021 Ariyan, Said; Agustin, Elsa
Educational Studies and Research Journal Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Educational Studies and Research Journal
Publisher : MID Publisher International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60036/cpqge378

Abstract

The Democracy Index, compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), has been measuring democratic conditions across 167 countries since 2006. In 2021, Indonesia received a composite score of 6.71, placing it at rank 52 in the 'flawed democracy' category. While the electoral process and pluralism indicator scored 9.17, civil liberties remained notably low at 6.18. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to the decline in civil liberties space and its impact on the quality of democracy in Indonesia in 2021. Employing a qualitative approach through literature study, participatory observation, and interviews with political elites, academics, and civil society representatives, this research analyzes civil liberties across four dimensions: freedom of assembly and association, freedom of opinion, freedom of belief, and freedom from discrimination. The findings reveal that the decline in civil liberties is driven by restrictive regulations such as the CSO Law and the ITE Law, excessive use of force against protesters, criminalization of public expression, persistent religious intolerance, and inadequate enforcement of anti-discrimination laws. The study concludes that strengthening civil liberties requires comprehensive legal reform, enhanced human rights education for law enforcement, and genuine government commitment to protecting fundamental freedoms as pillars of democratic governance.