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Jurnal Akademika Kimia
Published by Universitas Tadulako
ISSN : 24775185     EISSN : 23026030     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Chemistry Education
Jurnal Akademika Kimia is an electronic open-access journal that aims to publish the latest research results in the area of chemistry education and pure chemistry from academicians, professionals, and other practitioners at all levels of chemistry education. The journal coverage includes the following: current trends of professional chemistry education, educational technology, teacher education, educational science, learning assessment, learning models and development of learning materials, as well as pure chemistry including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry and other chemistry fields such as environmental chemistry, that emphasis on a broad description of the general methods and processes for the synthesis, modification, and characterization of chemical materials.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 201 Documents
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Determination of Hydrolyzed Tannin Content in Cocoa Fruit Peel Waste of MCC 01 Clone, Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Mangela, Yessika D.; Hamzah, Baharuddin; Rahmawati, Sitti; Pulukadang, Sri H. V.
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2025.v14.i1.pp58-63

Abstract

Cocoa Fruit Peel Waste MCC 01 Clone (Theobroma cacao L.) is a traditional medicinal plant with tannins that can be utilized as an anti-bacterial because it contains phenol groups and has antiseptic properties. This study aims to determine the type of tannin compound and the tannin content in cocoa fruit peel waste extract. The maceration method was used to extract the extract using 70% ethanol as a solvent. Qualitative test of tannin type was conducted using C2H4O2 10%, C2H3O2 10%, HCl, FeCl3, and KBr, while quantitative test was conducted using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 765 nm. The qualitative test results to determine the type of tannins obtained from cocoa fruit peel waste indicate that it contains hydrolyzed tannins. In the quantitative test, the average tannin content was 4.73 mg/g extract.
Optimization of Palm Bunch Ash-Based Catalysts for the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil into Biodiesel Sakhi, Fillah M.; Santoso, Aman; Sumari, Sumari
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2025.v14.i1.pp40-50

Abstract

The increasing dependence on fossil fuels to meet fuel needs has caused several problems, such as air pollution, greenhouse effects, unpleasant odors, and loud noises. This research aims to design an alternative fuel in the form of biodiesel by applying a heterogeneous catalyst based on palm bunch to synthesize biodiesel through transesterification. The research stages include activating the active sites of palm bunches through calcination at temperatures of 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C; refining waste cooking oil; esterification; and transesterification. The active components of palm bunch ash (PBA) were characterized using XRF and alkalinity testing. XRF results indicated that PBA contains active basic compounds such as K₂O and CaO, crucial in catalytic activity. Physical-chemical property testing revealed that the synthesis achieved the highest yield of 93.744 %. The results of the physical-chemical characteristic tests produced the best density with an average of 0.888 g mL⁻¹, and the lowest viscosity with an average of 3.79 cSt at 40 °C with an iodine number of 80.116 g I₂ 100 g⁻¹, a saponification number of 170.57 mg KOH g⁻¹, and a refractive index of 1.445. The catalyst demonstrated stable performance up to three reuses with yields ranging from 80–90 %. FTIR spectra showed strong absorption bands at 1172–1165 cm⁻¹, indicating C-O-CH₃ stretching from methyl esters. GC-MS analysis showed that the biodiesel consists of various fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), with the main component being methyl oleate, which appears at a retention time of 37.096 minutes with an area of 40.31 %. So it is shown that PBA catalysts have an excellent potential for commercial applications as they can reduce dependence on fossil fuels by utilizing household waste.
The Implementation of Project-Based Worksheets for Making Taro Tape with Dragon Fruit Peel to Develop Students’ Psychomotor Skills Ertika, Putrini S.; Subarkah, Cucu Z.; Sukmawardani, Yulia; Sari, Sari
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2025.v14.i2.pp103-111

Abstract

Developing students’ psychomotor skills is insufficient through theoretical learning in the classroom alone. Still, it must be supported by contextual, practical activities, such as fermenting taro tape with dragon fruit peel, through the application of project-based worksheets. This study aims to analyze students’ ability to complete project-based worksheets and the development of students’ psychomotor skills through testing the characteristics of taro tape. The method employed was a pre-experimental design with a one-shot case study involving tenth-grade students at a senior high school in Bandung City as the research subjects. The assessment instruments included a six-stage project-based worksheet, psychomotor tests covering three characteristics, and product and presentation assessments with eight and six aspects, respectively. Project-based worksheets were implemented in several stages: identifying problems, designing projects, conducting experiments, developing prototypes, evaluating products, and finalizing. The study’s results showed that students’ ability to complete project-based worksheets achieved an average score of 92, categorized as very good. The ability to complete project-based worksheets in the product evaluation stage received the highest score of 100, while the experimentation and prototype development stages received the lowest score of 88. Additionally, the development of students’ psychomotor skills, as measured by the Taro Tape Characteristic Test, showed an average score of 95, categorized as very good. Psychomotor skills in organoleptic tests received the highest score of 100, while the TAT test received the lowest score of 85. Implementing project-based worksheets proved effective in developing students’ psychomotor skills through the stages of project-based learning. These findings underscore the importance of using project-based worksheets as a contextual learning approach that supports chemistry education and fosters active student engagement in developing psychomotor skills.
Analysis of Nitrogen and Potassium in Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Rice Washing and Mature Coconut Water Bolang, Pinkan K.; Tiwow, Vanny M. A.; Abram, Paulus H.; Nurmayanti, Yuli
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2025.v14.i2.pp64-69

Abstract

Mature coconut and rice washing water contain nitrogen and potassium, which are helpful for plants. This study aims to determine the levels of nitrogen and potassium in liquid organic fertilizer from a mixture of mature coconut water and rice washing water. Nitrogen content was analyzed using the Kjeldahl method. Potassium levels were analyzed using a flame photometer. The results indicated that the best nitrogen and potassium levels were obtained in liquid organic fertilizer with a mixture ratio 50:50, namely N 1.26% and K 1.27%. The highest nitrogen content was obtained in liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) with a mixture ratio of 25:75, 1.40%, and the highest potassium content was obtained in liquid organic fertilizer with a mixture ratio of 50:50, 1.27%. When mixed, the increase in nitrogen and potassium levels was caused by the bacteria in the liquid organic fertilizer, which breaks down protein during digestion.
Protein Content and Organoleptic Test Central Sulawesi Pumpkin Seed Tempeh (Cucurbita moschata) for Learning Resource Jannah, Raodatul; Santoso, Tri; Pulukadang, Sri H. V.; Ahmar, Dewi S.
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Abstract

The yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is a plant that readily adapts to diverse soil conditions; however, the utilization of its seeds remains restricted. Despite possessing a relatively high protein content crucial for growth and energy, it can serve as an alternative raw material for tempeh production. This study intends to generate yellow pumpkin seed tempeh in compliance with SNI 3144:2015 organoleptically, assess variations in the protein content of yellow pumpkin seed tempeh from three distinct regions in Central Sulawesi, and produce a Student Worksheet as an alternative resource for chemistry education through expert lecturer validation. This research employs a quantitative methodology utilizing the Kjeldahl analysis technique to ascertain protein concentrations across three phases: destruction, distillation, and titration. Furthermore, a sensory evaluation was conducted by 20 panelists to analyze the texture, color, flavor, and scent of yellow pumpkin seed tempeh. The resultant tempeh has favorable organoleptic properties, achieving an average preference score of 4, characterized by uniform white coloration, a distinctive tempeh aroma, and a dense texture. Protein content research revealed that tempeh from Palu City had the most significant protein concentration at 24.5 %, followed by Palolo District at 23.91 %, and North Lore District at 20.41 %, suggesting the impact of environmental factors on the nutritional composition of the manufactured tempeh. According to SNI 3144:2015, the visual characteristics of yellow pumpkin seed tempeh and its protein content conform to the established quality criteria. The findings of this study were presented as Student worksheets, which achieved a validity rate of 85 %, indicating its high suitability as a learning resource. This research enhances the application of yellow pumpkin seeds as a nutritious food source and fosters the creation of engaging and novel educational materials.
Soybean Tempeh: Effect of Yeast Concentration and Fermentation Duration on Organoleptic Test as a Learning Resource Mufida; Santoso, Tri; Pulukambang, Sri H. V.; Ahmar, Dewi S.
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2025.v14.i2.pp70-76

Abstract

Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian fermented food known for its high nutritional value. This study sought to assess the impact of yeast concentration and fermentation length on moisture content, protein content, and organoleptic evaluation of yellow soybean tempeh sourced from Tojo Una-Una, Poso, and Palu. The research included a 3 × 3 factorial design incorporating yeast concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 grams, alongside fermentation durations of 30, 48, and 72 hours. The moisture content was assessed using the gravimetric method, the protein content was determined via the Kjeldahl method, and 20 panelists performed an organoleptic evaluation. The findings indicated that the moisture content of tempeh generally rose with prolonged fermentation time and elevated yeast concentration. The maximum moisture content, 63.22%, was observed in tempeh from Tojo Una-Una, which used 2 grams of yeast and had a fermentation duration of 72 hours. The minimum value, 50.18%, was also from Tojo Una-Una with 1 gram of yeast and 30 hours of fermentation. Protein levels peaked at 48 hours of fermentation with 3 grams of yeast, reaching a maximum of 26.88% in the Palu area. In contrast, the minimum was recorded at 18.55% in tempeh from Tojo Una-Una with 2 grams of yeast and 30 hours of fermentation. The organoleptic test results indicated that panelists favored Poso tempeh in terms of flavor, aroma, and texture. The concentration of yeast and the time of fermentation influence the moisture content, protein content, and organoleptic quality of tempeh. The methodologies and findings of this study serve as a resource for chemistry education in the format of LKPD.
Epoxidation of Eugenol from Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) Using H₂O₂ Oxidizer and H₃PO₄ Catalyst Gheje, Walburga E.; Abram, Paulus H.; Tiwow, Maria V.; Rahmawati, Sitti
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Abstract

Clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum) contains 80–90% eugenol. Eugenol is a pale yellow liquid with several active functional groups, such as hydroxyl, aromatic rings, and allyl groups, which allow it to be modified to produce various eugenol derivative compounds. This study aims to characterize eugenol epoxy resin synthesized from clove oil eugenol using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) as a catalyst. The resulting eugenol epoxide was in the form of a yellowish-white gel with a distinctive clove aroma. It was soluble in benzene and chloroform but insoluble in ethanol. FTIR analysis showed that the epoxy compound contained an ether group (C-O-C) at absorption peaks of 1266.07 cm⁻¹ to 1018.66 cm⁻¹, a hydroxyl group (─OH) at 3347.08 cm⁻¹, a methyl group (-CH₃) at 1470 cm⁻¹ to 1350 cm⁻¹, an alkene group (C=C) at 1637.39 cm⁻¹, and a vinyl group at 910.2 cm⁻¹.
Proximate Composition Study of Biscuits from Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murr.) Seed Flour as Food Innovation Pati, Andi C. D.; Said, Irwan; Ningsih, Purnama; Aminah, Sitti; Mulyani, Sri
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Abstract

Biscuits are one of the most popular snacks for the public, with the primary raw material being wheat flour. However, the high dependence on wheat flour encourages the need to find alternative ingredients that are more diverse and have high nutritional value. This study aims to analyze the proximate content (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) of biscuits made from durian seed flour (TBD), which is compared with cornstarch (TM) and wheat flour (TT). Proximate analysis methods included UV-Vis spectrophotometry for carbohydrate analysis, the Kjeldahl protein method, and Soxhlet fat extraction. The formulations used consisted of: F1 (100% TBD), F2 (100% TM), F3 (50% TBD:50% TM), and F4 (50% TT:50% TM). The results showed that the highest carbohydrate content was found in F1 at 70.07%, while the highest protein content in F4 at 13.65%. The highest fat content was found in F2 at 21.69%. The best formulation was obtained in F3 (50% TBD:50% TM) because it has a balanced nutritional composition and potential as a functional food product, especially for people with diabetes. In addition, this biscuit product has the potential as a contextual learning medium in food science and nutrition, especially in introducing proximate concepts and utilizing tropical fruit seed waste.
Silico Study of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Triterpenoid Compounds from Ethanol Leaf Extract of Manilkara Kauki Meilasari , Renita; Tukiran, Tukiran
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is the most common form of diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. One strategy for managing blood glucose levels is to inhibit the enzyme α-glucosidase, which plays a role in breaking down carbohydrates into glucose. Synthetic inhibitors such as acarbose have been widely used, but they often cause gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, there is a need to identify alternative inhibitors from safer natural sources. The leaves of Manilkara kauki are known to contain triterpenoid compounds with potential antidiabetic properties. This study aims to evaluate the activity of triterpenoid compounds from the ethanol extract of M. kauki leaves as α-glucosidase inhibitors using an in silico approach via molecular docking. The target protein used was 5NN8, with acarbose as the reference ligand. Docking results showed that two compounds, β1-barrigenol and barringtogenol C, exhibited good binding affinity with energy values of -7.74 and -7.75 kcal/mol, respectively. Both compounds were also able to interact with essential residues at the active site of α-glucosidase, such as ASP616, ARG281, MET519, and TRP376. These results indicate that triterpenoids from Manilkara kauki have the potential as natural α-glucosidase inhibitor candidates.
Determination of Tanin Extract of Belimbing Wuluh Leaves (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) by Uv-Vis Spectroscopy Methods Hardani, Ririen; Hardani, Muhammad F.; Hamzah, Baharuddin; Tamala, Sindy T.
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2025.v14.i3.pp138-143

Abstract

Wuluh star fruit plant (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) was a traditional medicinal plant that was rarely utilized as a natural medicine and contained many secondary metabolite compounds, one of which was tannin. This study aimed to determine the type of tannin and the amount of tannin content in belimbing wuluh leaves. Wuluh star fruit leaf powder was extracted by the maceration method using 96 % ethanol solvent, and then the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporator. Identification of tannin types in the extract was performed using CH3COOH 10 %, (Pb(CH3COO)2) 10 %, HCl, FeCl3, and KBr. For analysis of tannin content, Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and 15 % Na2CO3 solution were added, and then analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 765 nm. The results of the identification of tannin types showed that belimbing wuluh leaves included condensed tannins, and the results of the analysis showed that the tannin content was 7.282 mg/g extract.

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