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ETERNAL: English Teaching Journal
Published by Universitas PGRI Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26141639     DOI : https://doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v16i2.2363
Core Subject : Education,
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
The aim of this journal publication is to disseminate the conceptual thoughts or ideas and research results that have been achieved in the area of English language teaching and learnings, literature and research ETERNAL: English Teaching Journal particularly focuses on the main problems in the development of the sciences as follows: 1. Analysis studies 2. Application of theories 3. Research reports 4. Material developments and reviews
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Linguistik dan Bahasa
Articles 73 Documents
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Unveiling Halliday’s Textual Metafunction in Indonesian and Samoan EFL Textbooks for Year 10 Aulia, Tazkia Aghnia; Fitriati, Sri Wuli; Widhiyanto
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i2.1613

Abstract

Abstract. Textual metafunction helps the authors develop text coherently and cohesively and significantly aids readers in understanding the idea, especially in EFL textbooks. EFL textbook has become the essential learning material in EFL classrooms which it should be delivered with clarity to fostered students to grasp the material. Due to the crucial role of EFL textbooks in EFL classrooms, this study aims to unveil how theme-rheme and thematic progression occurred in reading passages of Indonesian and Samoan EFL textbooks. To attain the aims of the study, twelve reading passages from the Indonesian EFL textbook and eight reading passages from the Samoan EFL textbook for year ten were examined. Data that has been examined by theme-rheme proposed by Halliday and Matthiessen (2014) revealed that topical theme is a common type of theme found in Indonesian and Samoan EFL textbooks. Concurrently, these textbooks have the same type order in the occurrence of theme-rheme’s type, from the most common to the least type of theme that appeared. However, the Samoan EFL textbook contains a smaller variety of components in theme types due to the limited text genres in it. After examined thematic progression of these textbooks, and it revealed that the zigzag theme pattern was the majority theme pattern. Alongside the zigzag theme pattern becoming the majority pattern, these textbooks had different order for the second and third place of theme pattern due to the various contents of these EFL textbooks. This study provides textual metafunction, especially theme-rheme and thematic progression, which could be analyzed in EFL textbooks and, eventually, in literary texts.
Inclusion and Exclusion of Social Actors in Judi Online ‘Online Gambling’ News:A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis Approach on Kompas.com Budiawan, Raden Yusuf Sidiq; Mualafina, Rawinda Fitrotul; Siti Ulfiyani; Mukhlis
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i2.1708

Abstract

Abstract. This study aims to describe the inclusion and exclusion of social actors in online gambling news coverage on Kompas.com using a critical discourse analysis approach assisted by corpora. By utilizing this approach, the language patterns used in the coverage are systematically analyzed to explore how the issue of online gambling is framed by the media. The findings reveal that the coverage predominantly features the government, such as "Budi Arie", in a positive role as an active actor in the fight against online gambling (inclusion). The government is portrayed as the key and dominant force in addressing this issue. In contrast, the online gambling perpetrators and victims are more frequently ignored or concealed (exclusion). The perpetrators are depicted as destructive agents responsible for the issue, while victims are often portrayed as suffering individuals who require external intervention. The language use that emphasizes the government's role highlights efforts to reinforce their legitimacy in addressing this social problem. Thus, the analysis shows that Kompas.com's news coverage tends to present a discourse that supports the government's role in tackling online gambling, while minimizing the representation of perpetrators and victims.
Exploring Body Positivity Through Instagram Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Clara Dao and Her Audience Baiq Rahayu Kurniasih; Aprillia
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i2.1817

Abstract

This study focuses on the feminist stylistic features of Clara Dao's Instagram discourse. A qualitative research design is employed, using Sara Mills’s feminist stylistics within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), which focuses on the word, sentence, and discourse levels. Data were collected through purposive sampling and documentation techniques. The subject of the study is the commentary associated with Clara Dao’s Instagram content, explicitly discussing body image issues. The data include 18 comments categorized as positive, negative, and neutral, selected based on the relevance issue of body positivity. The findings reveal that societal expectations impose certain norms and standards on women’s physical appearances. These expectations influence how women are judged and often criticized when they do not conform to dominant beauty ideals. Additionally, the construction of female identity is shown to be shaped by social norms that dictate how women should behave and present themselves in public discourse.
Beyond the ‘Uh-Oh’ Moment: Refusal Strategies in a Young EFL Learner’s Extensive Reading Responses Zalva Fajhira Shabrina Putri; Utami Widiati; Evynurul Laily Zen
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i2.1876

Abstract

Understanding refusal strategies utilized by young learners in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) is essential for teachers to foster more effective interaction in the classroom. The present study explores how a young EFL learner applies refusal strategies when interacting during extensive reading (ER) activities. Data were collected through real-time observations, the learner’s diaries, and a parent interview, and further analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed how the young EFL learner applied more direct refusals, influenced by the learner’s developmental traits. Indirect refusals, which appeared mostly as avoidance, emerged frequently only during the initial ER sessions. Refusals, regardless, did not appear as frequent towards the end of ER sessions as the learner became comfortable and confident with the teacher’s scaffolding. Considering the findings, the current study suggests future studies to investigate how refusal strategies are applied by young EFL learners in a larger group, which may be influenced by different developmental traits, learning situations, and language proficiencies, to further generalize the findings.
The Effect Of Using Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) On Students’ Reading Comprehension Abilities In Procedure Text Wijayanto, Rori; Firharmawan, Hastri
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i2.1905

Abstract

This research aims to discover how well the students' reading comprehension abilities are enhanced by QAR strategy and to discover how the students’ responses to the use of QAR strategy. The population in this research were students of 10th grade SMK Ma’arif 9 Kebumen which consisted of 507 students and the sample consisted of 60 students. This research used a quantitative and data was gathered from the test result as well as a questionnaire containing 16 questions with an item scale. The test result in experimental class showed that the pre-test average was 55.6 while the post-test was 82.2. The average score of both is quite different. After hypothesis testing was carried out, the results obtained were T Score < T Table (0,000<0,05), Therefore, it can be said that using QAR has an impact on students' reading comprehension abilities of 10th grade students in SMK Ma’arif 9 Kebumen. In addition, the students also showed positive responses to the use of QAR strategy such as the students were able to mark keywords from the text to find the correct answer, the students were able to explain the information contained in the reading text, and the students said that the QAR strategy facilitated them to understand the reading text and to answer the questions. It was evident from the results of the questionnaires. Most of students stated that the QAR technique was highly beneficial and helped them enhance their reading comprehension skills.
Reading Comprehension through Multimodal Literacy Approach for English Education Daulay, Ernita; Utami Dewi
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i2.1910

Abstract

In the digital era, reading comprehension of multimodal texts that integrate written language with images, videos, and interactive elements has become crucial yet challenging for many students. This mixed-methods study investigated the effectiveness of a multimodal instructional approach in enhancing reading comprehension among 120 Indonesian high school students. The quantitative component employed a quasi-experimental design with pre/post reading comprehension tests, while the qualitative component utilized observations and interviews. The results revealed that the experimental group receiving multimodal instruction achieved significantly higher reading comprehension scores compared to the control group receiving traditional text-based instruction (F(1, 117) = 12.68, p < .001, ηp2 = .098). The multimodal approach was particularly beneficial for students with lower initial reading proficiency levels. Qualitative data indicated increased engagement, motivation, comprehension facilitation, accommodation of diverse learning styles, and the need for technology integration support and instructional scaffolding. The findings align with multimedia learning theory and differentiated instruction principles, providing empirical evidence supporting the integration of multimodal elements to create engaging, accessible, and effective reading experiences. Implications for teacher professional development, curriculum design, and future research directions are discussed. Overall, this study contributes to the growing literature on multimodal literacy pedagogy and offers practical insights for enhancing reading instruction in the 21st century multimedia landscape.
Figurative Languages Found in  Paint My Love Greatest Hits Lyrics Ratna Putri Krisnisa; Sukarni, Semi; Zulia Chasanah
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i2.1912

Abstract

Language is a fundamental tool in communication and expression, including in the realm of music. Songs, as a form of art, often use figurative language to convey messages more emotionally and aesthetically. However, not all listeners are able to understand the hidden meaning behind the lyrics, especially when figurative language is used. This study aims to examine the use of figurative language in the album Paint My Love Greatest Hits by referring to Frederik's theory. This study uses a qualitative approach to analyze the types and meanings of figurative language found in song lyrics. Data were obtained from all songs in the album. The results of the analysis show that the most frequent type of figurative language is symbols (42.86%), while the least frequent are hyperbole, litotes, metonymy, and paradox. These findings reveal that figurative language plays an important role in enriching the meaning and emotional depth of song lyrics.
EFL Students’ Perception towards the Use of Debate Video Session for Vocabulary Acquisition and Retention Olivier, Gaetan; Suryati, Nunung
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i2.2056

Abstract

Discovering captioned debate videos for vocabulary acquisition is an essential learning strategy for EFL learners. Vocabulary is a crucial element in the acquisition of a foreign language. However, many students experience challenges in mastering English vocabulary. Various vocabulary learning strategies were established, with some students utilizing personalized techniques to learn new words. Learners' motivation and obsession with vocabulary acquisition are enhanced by audiovisual stimuli, such as animated films, videos, and music, which captivate their attention. This study aims to explore students' perceptions of using captioned debate video sessions in English for vocabulary acquisition and retention. In this study, the researcher utilized a mixed method. The research was conducted in the English Department of Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java. It involved 40 participants: 30 undergraduate students in their third and fifth semesters and 10 postgraduate students in their first semester of master's studies. The findings revealed that debate videos improved EFL learners' English vocabulary mastery and pronunciation and helped with word retention. Captioned debate videos should be employed in the EFL teaching classroom to enhance learners' English proficiency, particularly for vocabulary acquisition and retention, as well as to foster pronunciation. In addition, captioned debate videos can improve active vocabulary mastery and listening comprehension. 
An Analysis of Politeness Strategies in English Textbook Dialogues on Faith and Morality Mutiara Hanif Saputri; Djatmika; Fauziati, Endang
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i2.1459

Abstract

Faith and morality have been parts of Indonesian society. The values of Pancasila as the national ideology are sufficient to proof that this nation’s relationship with faith and morality has been inseparable. This study aims to analyze one of the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile, “faith, devotion to God Almighty, and noble character,” through the application of politeness strategies in textbook dialogues. The method of this study is qualitative content analysis. The data collection technique of this study is documentation. The data are in the form of dialogue texts from two textbooks from the series of “Buku PR Interaktif Bahasa Inggris.” This study implements the politeness strategy by Brown and Levinson (1987) and the Pancasila Student Profile as part of Indonesia’s character education as the frameworks of this study. After collecting and categorizing the data using those two frameworks, the results of this study show two elements of “faith, devotion to God Almighty, and noble character” to be represented through politeness strategies in the dialogue texts in both of the textbooks. These elements are “moral towards humans” and “moral towards nature.” The results suggest textbook authors to include more balanced representation of all elements within “faith, devotion to God Almighty, and noble character” in order to develop students’ character to be well-rounded individuals. These results also suggest teachers to utilize the textbook dialogues through various activities such as roleplay, group reading, and group discussion to help students learn various types of morality in interactive ways.
Exploring Paz Marquez-Benitez’ Dead Stars: A Linguistic Journey Through Transitivity Analysis D. Managbanag, Aericka Jane; Kay Tepait Juanillo
ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FPBS, Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/eternal.v16i2.1539

Abstract

This study analyzed the first modern short story written in English in the Philippines, Dead Stars by Paz Marquez-Benitez through Systemic Functional Linguistics using Transitivity analysis. This study aims to understand how language is used to represent actions, participants, and their contexts, serving as a powerful tool for uncovering meaning and patterns of communication. The study made use of the qualitative research design integrating a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of the short story. From the analysis, material processes appear to be the most dominant processes; actor emerges as the most dominant type of participant; and manner appears frequently in circumstantial elements. Further, the study uncovers deeper meanings and ideological stances shedding light on how language is used to establish the to convey the story's themes, character relationships, and personal dilemmas—ultimately enhancing our appreciation of both language and literature.

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