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INDONESIA
Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Published by Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional
ISSN : 30902355     EISSN : 30902355     DOI : https://doi.org/10.59261/iclr.v1i1
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
The Indonesian Cyber Law Review focuses on issues related to cyber law and society in Muslim and non-Muslim countries from various perspectives, covering both theoretical and practical studies. Its aim is to communicate original research and current issues within the subject. The Review publishes articles in the field of law with special themes for each issue. The specialty of this journal is that it publishes articles in contemporary legal studies with an interdisciplinary approach, whether from an economic, political, socio-cultural, technological, forensic linguistic, psychology, and other related field, both in Indonesian studies and in global perspectives. This Review is also intended to publish various studies on social justice and crime in a broad perspective. The Review publishes articles (Research and Review Article), Case Note, Book Review, and Symposia every January-June and July-December.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 29 Documents
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Juridical Analysis of the Responsibility of Social Media Platforms for Cyber Threats Against Digital Activists in Indonesia Fahira, Siti Hapsah; Daimah, Daimah; Mu'amar, Irkham Mu'amar; Theresa, Akpoghome
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v2i1.11

Abstract

The increasing intensity of cyberattacks against digital activists in Indonesia highlights the urgency of re-reading the responsibilities of social media platforms as providers of digital space. Attacks in the form of doxing, hacking, and intimidation not only threaten freedom of expression, but also create inequality in legal protection for vulnerable groups. This research aims to juridically analyze the legal responsibility of digital platforms for cyber threats experienced by activists in Indonesia, and formulate a more adaptive and human rights-based regulatory framework. The method used is a normative-empirical approach, with data collection techniques through documentation studies, in-depth interviews with activists and legal experts, as well as analysis of laws and regulations and internal platform policies. The results showed that the majority of platforms failed to carry out the principle of due diligence and only followed up on a small portion of the reports submitted. On the other hand, the absence of national legal norms that explicitly regulate the responsibility of platforms also weakens legal protection for victims. This research recommends the establishment of new norms based on shared responsibility and the integration of digital human rights principles in national laws and regulations. The findings emphasize the importance of a regulatory approach that is not only reactive, but also preventive and accountable in dealing with threats to civil liberties in the digital space.
Legal Compliance and Regulatory Challenges Towards The Use of AI Algorithms in Facial Recognition Systems in Public Secrets Sutrisno, Anom
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v2i2.34

Abstract

This study examines legal compliance and regulatory challenges in the use of AI algorithms for facial recognition systems in the public sector, with a comparative analysis between Indonesia and neighboring countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. The study uses a qualitative comparative approach based on legal documentation and regulatory analysis to explore the extent to which public institutions comply with applicable laws and regulations, identify regulatory gaps, and assess accountability and transparency mechanisms. The findings indicate that Indonesia exhibits moderate legal compliance due to limited technical guidelines, inconsistent internal monitoring, and underdeveloped audit procedures, while Singapore and Malaysia demonstrate higher levels of compliance supported by adaptive regulations, systematic audits, and comprehensive technical procedures. Regulatory challenges in Indonesia include slow adaptation of laws to rapidly evolving AI technologies, inadequate oversight, and unclear operational procedures, which can increase the risk of data misuse and undermine public trust. The study concludes that strengthening technical guidelines, conducting regular audits, increasing transparency, and adopting best practices from neighboring countries are important steps to improve legal compliance and effective AI regulation in the Indonesian public sector. This research contributes to policymaking and academic understanding of AI governance in public institutions.
Metaverse-Based Cyber Harassment and Virtual Reality: A Critical Review of The Current Legal Framework and Recommendations on Normative Needs Lala, Andi
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v2i2.35

Abstract

This study explores the phenomenon of cyber harassment in the metaverse and virtual reality as a growing form of digital violence that challenges the adequacy of existing legal frameworks. Using a qualitative approach with desk research and normative-analytical methods, this study examines the conceptual, juridical, and normative dimensions of virtual harassment and its implications for national and international law. The study's findings reveal that the immersive nature of virtual interactions generates new forms of harassment, such as verbal abuse, avatar manipulation, and non-consensual virtual contact, which have significant psychological impacts on victims. The study identifies a legal gap in Indonesian law, as existing regulations such as the ITE Law do not recognize virtual identities (avatars) or address immersive digital violations. A comparative analysis shows that countries such as South Korea, Japan, and the European Union have begun to develop preventive and ethical regulatory frameworks for metaverse governance. The study concludes that Indonesia urgently needs normative reforms to recognize the existence of virtual persons, enforce platform accountability, and integrate digital ethics into its legal structure to ensure user protection in virtual spaces.
Cross-Jurisdictional Law Against Cybercrime Using Private Blockchain in Global Supply Chain: A Case Study of The Food Industry Mukti Setiyawan, Wahyu Beny
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v3i1.31

Abstract

This study examines the cross-jurisdictional legal challenges in addressing cybercrime involving private blockchain technology in the global food supply chain. The research aims to identify cybersecurity risks, evaluate the adequacy of national and international regulations, and analyze mitigation strategies implemented by companies. A qualitative approach with a case study design was used, involving in-depth interviews with company managers, IT security teams, and regulators, as well as observations of blockchain implementation and documentation analysis. The findings indicate that private blockchains, while improving traceability and transparency, remain vulnerable to internal threats, malware, phishing, and system vulnerabilities. Legal challenges include overlapping jurisdictions, regulatory differences, and complex extradition processes, which hinder timely law enforcement. Companies adopt comprehensive mitigation strategies, including role-based access control, secure smart contracts, encryption, and collaboration with international regulators. The study concludes that an integrative approach combining technological safeguards, internal governance, and cross-jurisdictional legal coordination is critical to ensuring data integrity, regulatory compliance, and the resilience of global food supply chains to cyberthreats. This research contributes to understanding the intersection of blockchain technology, cybersecurity, and international law in the context of global trade.
Legal Analysis of The NFT (Non-Fungible Token) Based Digital Vaccine Certificate System in Digital Free Trade: Security, Privacy, and International Recognition Aspects Sarmento Soares, Vasio; Wibowo, Sundaru Guntur; Anwar, Syahrul
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v2i2.36

Abstract

This study analyzes the legal framework of Non-Fungible Token (NFT)-based digital vaccine certificates in the context of digital free trade, focusing on security, privacy, and international recognition. Using normative and comparative legal research methods with a multidisciplinary approach, the study integrates perspectives from law, digital technology, and international policy. The study examines three main aspects: first, security, evaluating how NFTs ensure authenticity, data integrity, and protection against manipulation through encryption, blockchain, and smart contracts; second, privacy, analyzing how personal data and the privacy rights of certificate holders are protected under national and international regulations, emphasizing data minimization, user consent, and secure access; and third, international recognition, assessing the extent to which NFT-based certificates can be recognized globally, highlighting regulatory harmonization and legal barriers. The findings indicate that NFT-based vaccine certificates provide strong technical security and privacy protection, but legal recognition across jurisdictions remains inconsistent. The study concludes that while NFTs have significant potential to facilitate secure and verifiable digital health credentials in global trade, harmonization of national and international regulations and the implementation of legal standards are crucial to ensure their effectiveness and legal validity worldwide.
Legal and Ethical Policies for Human Brain-Computer Interfaces Storage in The Cloud Era: Privacy Rights Protection and Neurological Data Treatment Guterres, Antonio; Martins, Lufiano Tilman; de Carvalho, Salustiano Quintão
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v3i1.37

Abstract

This study examines the legal and ethical implications of storing human brain memory through Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) integrated with cloud systems, with a focus on privacy rights protection and neurological data governance. Using a qualitative research design with a juridical-normative and technological ethics approach, this study analyzes regulatory gaps, ethical challenges, and technological risks associated with neurodata. Data were obtained through a literature review, normative legal analysis, and a comparison of international data protection frameworks. The findings reveal three key issues: the absence of specific legal regulations governing neurodata as a super-sensitive category; ethical concerns related to mental rights, cognitive autonomy, and the potential misuse of memory data; and technological vulnerabilities, including security breaches, unauthorized access, and commercial exploitation of neurodata by cloud service providers. The study argues that neurodata requires a dedicated regulatory framework supported by strict ethical principles and sophisticated security mechanisms. The study concludes that a comprehensive policy combining legal standards, ethical safeguards, and technological safeguards is urgently needed to ensure that cloud-based BCI systems do not compromise human dignity, mental integrity, and fundamental privacy rights.
Legal Analysis of The Use of AI Emotion Detectors in Online Recruitment by Private Companies Puspitasari, Dyah Ayu Kunthi; Fardiasnyah, Fardiasnyah; Riyan, Ade Bani
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v3i1.41

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) emotion detectors in online recruitment processes by private companies, with a focus on protecting prospective employees' privacy rights and the potential for algorithmic discrimination. The research method used is normative juridical with the Statute Approach, Conceptual Approach, and Comparative Approach to examine regulations, concepts, and comparisons of international practices. The results of the study indicate that the use of AI emotion detectors has the potential to violate the principles of personal data protection as stipulated in the PDP Law, especially regarding the transparency of biometric data processing, the basis of consent, and data security. In addition, there is a risk of algorithmic discrimination due to bias in the dataset, a lack of developer accountability, and the absence of specific regulations governing the use of AI in recruitment in Indonesia. These findings indicate the need for policy updates, the development of technical guidelines, and algorithm audit mechanisms to ensure fairness and non-discrimination in the selection process. This study concludes that the use of AI emotion detectors must be regulated more comprehensively to ensure a balance between technological efficiency and the protection of prospective employees' fundamental rights.
A Legal Analysis of Children's Personal Data Protection in AI-Based Education Platforms in Indonesia Mu’min, Halek; Setiawan, Andri Herman; Sahputra, Eko Siswo Adi
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v3i1.42

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the protection of children's personal data in artificial intelligence (AI)-based educational platforms in Indonesia through a normative juridical approach using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach to GDPR-K, COPPA, and the AI ​​Act. The research focuses on legal regulations related to children's data, the implementation of protection by AI-based EdTech platforms, the risk of child data misuse, and the adequacy and effectiveness of national regulations. The results of the study indicate that although Indonesia has a Personal Data Protection Law as the main legal framework, the regulation does not yet provide specific protection for children's data, especially regarding automatic profiling, verification of parental consent, algorithmic audits, and restrictions on data use for commercial purposes. Comparison with international standards also shows that Indonesian regulations are still general and do not meet the principle of preventive protection that is characteristic of global regulations. This study concludes the need to develop derivative regulations related to children's data, technical guidelines for data processing by AI, and the establishment of an effective oversight mechanism to minimize the risk of data misuse and ensure the fulfillment of the principle of the best interest of the child in the digital education ecosystem.
Legal Analysis of Transaction Security in The Metaverse: Consumer Protection Challenges in The Virtual World Martins, Lufiano Tilman; Amri, Lala Hucadinota Ainul; Putra, Darma Setiawan
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v3i1.43

Abstract

This study aims to analyze legal protection for transaction security in the metaverse and the challenges faced by consumers in the virtual world. The method used is a normative juridical approach with a qualitative approach, combining the Statute Approach to examine laws and regulations, the Conceptual Approach to examine legal concepts related to digital assets, smart contracts, and cybersecurity, and the Comparative Approach to compare consumer protection practices and international regulations in other countries. The research focuses on analyzing the authority of cyber law in protecting users, evaluating the effectiveness of existing regulations, identifying legal challenges resulting from the unique characteristics of the metaverse, and developing legal policy recommendations. The results show that national regulations provide basic protection, but are still limited in addressing the unique risks of virtual transactions, such as digital fraud, hacking, and smart contract disputes. Key legal challenges include cross-border jurisdiction, the legal status of digital assets, and the security of immersive data. This study recommends regulatory updates, transaction security standards, digital dispute resolution mechanisms, and cross-jurisdictional collaboration to strengthen consumer protection. The implications of this research provide a basis for developing adaptive cyber law policies in Indonesia and serve as a reference for international practices in regulating transactions in the metaverse.

Page 3 of 3 | Total Record : 29

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