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Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir
Published by Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
ISSN : 08541418     EISSN : 2503426X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
EKSPLORIUM is published to deliver the results of studies, research and development in the field of nuclear geology. The manuscripts are the result of study, research and development of nuclear geology with scope: geology, exploration, mining, nuclear minerals processing, safety and environment, and development of nuclear technology for the welfare.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Geologi
Articles 172 Documents
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Phytoremediation of Hexavalent Chromium Using Aquatic Plants in Nickel Mine Waste Permatasari, Nur Vita; Abidin, Faizinal; Azmi, Mifta Ulul; Novitasari, Yeni; Hapid, Abdul
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 44 No. 2 (2023): NOVEMBER 2023
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6927

Abstract

The abundant wealth that Indonesia has is very profitable. Wealth is not only from natural resources, but wealth or biodiversity is also able to make Indonesia an independent country in managing its environment. One of the varieties that can be utilized is the existence of aquatic plants that can be used in the restoration of polluted environments. The ability of plants to recover from pollutants is called phytoremediation. Hexavalent chromium/ Cr(IV) is a hazardous waste originating from the washing of ore/open pit waste from rainwater washing. The quality standard allowed for Cr (IV), according to the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 9 of 2006, concerning the Quality Standard of Wastewater for Nickel Ore Mining Businesses and/or Activities is 0.1 mg/L. Besides being used to reduce pollutant loads, this aquatic plant can also provide aesthetic value because it has a very beautiful shape, type, color, and flowers. The purpose of this research is to find out which plants can be used to reduce hexavalent chromium levels. Variations of aquatic plants that can reduce levels of hexavalent chromium which are harmful to living things include water hyacinth/Eichornia crassipes; water hyacinth; Kayambang/ Salvinia Cucullata; Kiambang/ Apu Wood/ Pistia Stratiotes; Hydrilla verticillata; Water Bamboo/Equisetum hyemale; Water spinach / Ipomoea Aquatica; and Sagittaria lancifolia. This aquatic plant can reduce Cr (IV) up to 99.5%. The ability of these aquatic plants not only to reduce Cr (IV) but also to reduce TSS, BOD, and COD and to neutralize pH. The combination of several aquatic plants also provides a high effectiveness value.
Characteristics and Genesis of Mount Pengki: A Scoria Cone of Dago Volcano, West Java, Indonesia Adimedha, Tyto Baskara; Ciputra, Roni Cahya; Rosianna, Ilsa; Sukadana, I Gde; Harijoko, Agung; Handini, Esti; Pratiwi, Fadiah; Indrastomo, Frederikus Dian; Syaeful, Heri; Rachael, Yoshi; Sukmawan, I Gusti Made
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 45 No. 2 (2024): NOVEMBER 2024
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2024.7131

Abstract

Scoria cones are a typical product of volcanic activity constructed by the bomb and lapilli-sized pyroclasts formed by Strombolian eruption. Mount Pengki is a scoria cone found in Miocene Dago Volcano, West Java. Mount Pengki was a remnant of a Miocene volcano that was exceptionally well preserved and exposed. This scoria cone contains layers of scoria beds and a lava flow unit. The study aims to characterize the exposed scoria bed deposits and investigate the eruptive history and degradation process of Mount Pengki. Field observation, including measured sections and detailed characterizations of the Mount Pengki quarry, allows us to observe its volcanic sequence from its internal structure toward the surface. Morphometric analysis of Mount Pengki can describe the degradation process undergone by the scoria cone. The early phase deposits were characterized by massive to weakly bedded, poorly sorted, clast-supported beds mainly composed of coarse lapilli to bombs/blocks scoria grain. The middle phase deposit typically shows well-stratified, well-sorted, clast-supported scoria beds with coarse ash to coarse lapilli grain size. The late phase deposit is similar to the middle phase deposit, with additional features of coarser-grain, reverse grading, and clast-supported lenticular beds. Eruptive mechanisms involved in the formation of Mount Pengki include ballistic transport of clasts, fallout deposition, and grain avalanching process. The degradation process was likely influenced by prolonged exposure to weathering, cone rim collapse, and regional deformation processes.
Evaluation of Geothermal Prospects in The Patuha Field Based on Derivative Analysis and 3D Inversion of Gravity Anomaly Dewi, Soraya Tiana; Sarkowi, Muh; Wibowo, Rahmat Catur
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 1 (2025): MAY 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.11327

Abstract

The Patuha geothermal field has the potential to be developed as a source of energy for power generation. This study was conducted to evaluate the Patuha geothermal system based on Global Gravity Model Plus Gravity data. The study refers to the Bouguer Anomaly value, which is the difference between the observed gravity value (gobs) and the theoretical gravitational value (gn), or the sum of corrections applied to the gravity measurement. This difference reflects variations in mass density between the survey area and its surroundings, occurring in both lateral and vertical directions. Derivative analysis and 3D inversion of gravity anomalies are used to identify the presence of faults, reservoir prospects, cap rocks, and heat sources. The Complete Bouguer Anomaly map displays decreasing values from southwest to northeast. The high anomaly coincides with Mount Patuha, indicating that this feature may become the heat source. The 3D inversion of the gravity anomaly yielded a density range of 2 g/cm³ to 3 g/cm³. The reservoir prospect is controlled by the graben structure and is located in the Ciwidey Crater. It has a density of 2.5 g/cc, with an area of ​​130 km2, located at a depth of 2200 meters above MSL to 700 meters below MSL. Cap rock crosses along the Cibuni Crater, White Crater, and Ciwidey Crater with a density of 2.66 g/cc at a depth of 2300 meters to 800 meters above MSL. The heat source is shallow and originates from Mount Patuha, with a density of 3 g/cc at a depth of 1500 meters above MSL and 4600 meters below MSL.
Evaluating The Effectiveness of Radon Measurement Techniques in Soil Gas: Impact of Hole Depth and Measurement Time Iqbal, Mochamad; Berlian, Fitra; Al Farishi, Bilal; Ipmawan, Vico Luthfi; Siregar, Rahmat Nawi; Umam, Rofiqul
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 45 No. 2 (2024): NOVEMBER 2024
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2024.7134

Abstract

Radon measurement methodologies are critical for accurate risk assessment and resource optimization, yet challenges persist in determining the optimal sampling depth and measurement duration. These factors significantly influence radon concentration readings, and their impact still needs to be explored in systematic evaluations, particularly in balancing efficiency and accuracy. This study evaluates the effectiveness of radon measurement methodologies by experimenting with how sampling hole depth and measurement duration affect radon concentration in soil gas. Radon experiments were conducted at depths of 0.5 m, 1.0 m, and 1.2 m over a 39-day period in soft tuff rock formations at Institut Teknologi Sumatera. Measurements were taken on Days 0, 6, 12, 18, 27, and 39 using the RAD7 Radon Detector, with multiple cycles to ensure stability. The results indicate that radon concentrations varied significantly with both depth and time, with the highest concentrations observed at 1.2 m on Day 18 (1,089 Bq/m³). A noticeable “lag effect” was observed following rainfall events, where radon levels initially decreased due to soil saturation but spiked as the soil dried. The depth of 0.5 m provided the most consistent measurements, with the lowest coefficient of variation (CV = 31%), making it the most reliable and practical depth for routine radon assessments. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering environmental conditions, such as rainfall and soil moisture, when interpreting radon data and provides insights into optimizing radon measurement practices for accuracy and efficiency.
Hydrogeology and Groundwater Potential in The Sirimau District, Ambon City, Maluku Province Matrutty, Michelle Theodora; Kololu, Micky; Limehuwey, Resti; Purwoarminta, Ananta; Ulfa, Yuniarti; Jati, Stevandrus Nalendra; Puradimaja, Deny Juanda
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 45 No. 2 (2024): NOVEMBER 2024
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2024.7050

Abstract

The demand for clean water in Sirimau District is the highest among all districts in Ambon City, with a total of 14.6 million liters per day for 146,453 people. Moreover, the demand for clean water is increasing with population growth. Therefore, research on hydrogeology and groundwater potential is necessary. The study aims to analyze the discharge and quality of groundwater. The methods used include field surveys, geoelectric measurements, and the analysis of physical and chemical water parameters. The geology of Sirimau district can be divided into five units: Kanikeh Formation, Ultramafic Rock, Ambon Volcanic Rock, Coral Limestone, and Alluvium. Unconfined aquifers are identified in three geological units: the Ambon Volcanic Rock, Alluvium and Coral Limestone, while confined aquifers are in the Ultramafic Rock and the Kanikeh Formation. The water facies are calcium magnesium bicarbonate and sodium-potassium chloride sulfate facies. The groundwater flow in Sirimau District has a northwest flow direction with an average hydraulic gradient of 0.0104. The groundwater discharge in the unconfined aquifer of the Ambon Volcanic Rock is 30 l/s, which is classified as a large discharge. The water quality from physical parameters does not exceed the maximum limit except for three sampling points. In contrast, the chemical content mostly does not exceed the maximum limit except at one drilled well location. Three springs develop due to fractures, while another occurs due to contact.
Identification of Basalt Rock Distribution Using Resistivity Geoelectric Method in The National Capital City (IKN), Paser, East Kalimantan Sopan, Langnanda Ekakurnia Putri; Agustin, Erisa; Kuncoro, Kirana Helga Aimee; Sarkowi, Muh; Kuswanto, Agus; Kumalasari, Isti Nur; Mulyasari, Rahmi
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 45 No. 2 (2024): NOVEMBER 2024
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2024.7081

Abstract

The construction of the National Capital City (IKN) is currently being carried out in East Kalimantan, resulting in increased demand for construction materials. Basalt is among the rocks that can be used as construction material in IKN. This rock has a high economic value due to its high demand but limited quantity. Basalt exploration around IKN is carried out to acquire rock resources and reduce construction costs due to its proximity to the site. This study aims to determine the distribution of basalt in the Kuaro area, East Kalimantan. The geology of the research area is composed of the Ultramafic Complex Formation, which comprises gabbro, basalt, serpentinite, and harzburgite. This research uses the Wenner-Alpha configuration geoelectric method to identify the distribution of basalt in the subsurface. Geoelectric measurements were carried out on six measurement lines, each line length of 470 m and electrode spacing of 10 m. The results of geoelectric data analysis show that the basalt has a specific resistivity value ranging from 200–4022 Ωm. Basalts were identified at depths of 10–75 m with 145 m, 325 m, 165 m and 183 m thicknesses in lines 1, 2, 5 and 6, respectively. The presence of basalt in lines 3 and 4 is at a depth of 10–75 m with an average thickness of 153 m and 125 m, respectively. Economically, basalt rocks in this area are classified as medium to highly recommendable for exploitation.
Facies and Depositional Environment Analysis of Limestone in Citeureup Area, West Java, Indonesia Andriansyah, Rian; Syaputra, Rizky; Robbani, Nur Ikhsan; Tabri, Kristian Nurwedi
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 45 No. 2 (2024): NOVEMBER 2024
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2024.6953

Abstract

The Citeureup area in West Java Province hosts Middle Miocene limestone outcrops belonging to the Klapanunggal Formation, which has long been considered a promising source of raw material for Indonesia’s cement industry. Despite its economic significance, detailed sedimentological studies and facies characterization of this formation remain limited. This study aims to identify the dominant lithofacies and reconstruct depositional environments to understand the formation’s genesis and assess its resource potential. Thin-section petrographic analysis, enhanced with blue epoxy resin, was employed to identify porosity, fossil assemblages, and mineral composition. The investigation revealed three primary facies types: packstone, boundstone, and dolomitic grainstone. The packstone and dolomitic grainstone facies are interpreted to have formed in reef-flat settings, associated with shallow, high-energy marine conditions. The boundstone facies, in contrast, are linked to reef-crest environments subjected to more dynamic hydrodynamic regimes. These findings point to a depositional system characteristic of a carbonate platform shaped by variable energy conditions. The presence of abundant skeletal grains, well-developed porosity, and mature mineralogical features indicates the limestone’s high potential as a quality raw material for cement production. Beyond its industrial relevance, the study enhances sedimentological insights into the Klapanunggal Formation and provides a scientific basis for informed resource evaluation and sustainable exploitation strategies in similar carbonate settings.
Geology and Land Suitability Analysis for Final Processing Waste Site in Ambon Island Mailoa, Winardcova Vania Cerwyn; Kololu, Micky; Ulfa, Yuniarti; Puradimadja, Deni Juanda
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 45 No. 1 (2024): MAY 2024
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2024.7042

Abstract

The production of waste in Ambon City increased from 200 tons per day to 297 tons per day between 2017 and 2021, yet the state of the Toisapu landfill in Ambon did not keep up with this growth. The Toisapu landfill has been in operation since 2007, however, due to its proximity to residential areas and slope of more than 20 percent, it is currently in an overload state and requires a re-evaluation. The goal of this study is to identify a different landfill to replace the Toisapu landfill that fulfills the Indonesian National Standards and functions as a Waste Processing and Final Processing Site (TPPAS). This study combines an evaluation of the geological and non-geological parameters using an environmental geological technique called Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE). In order to determine the most possible land, the study findings for each parameter are superimposed, assigned a value, and then added together. According to the research's findings, Wakal, which has 126,668 hectares of land is the best option. Since the groundwater in this area is quite deep (>80 meters) and has low permeability, there is minimal possibility of leachate seepage contaminating the groundwater. Wakal, unlike the Toisapu landfill, is located far from inhabited areas and protected forests, with a slope of less than 20%.
Rare Earth Elements (REEs) Potential in Active Geothermal Systems: A Global Review and Regional Study at Mount Slamet, Indonesia Utama, Peter Pratistha; Pratomo, Septyo Uji; Haty, Intan Paramita; Yoni, Dian Rahma; Afrilita, Afrilita; Pambudi, Setia
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 1 (2025): MAY 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.11407

Abstract

As global demand for REEs continues to rise due to their strategic role in clean energy technologies, geothermal systems offer an emerging unconventional source. Although data on Indonesian geothermal REEs remain limited, geochemical signals from Mount Slamet provide valuable insights when interpreted alongside global analogs. This study investigates the occurrence, mobility, and potential of rare earth elements (REEs) in the active geothermal system of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia, with a focus on the hot spring manifestations in Baturraden and Guci using a systematic literature review method based on published research. Baturraden exhibits neutral fluids (pH 6–7) with elevated chloride levels, suggesting enhanced REEs mobilization and strong positive europium (Eu) anomalies under deeper reducing conditions. In contrast, Guci displays more alkaline fluids (pH ~8) with lower chloride content, indicating possible meteoric water dilution and lower REEs transport efficiency. These contrasting hydrochemical profiles highlight diverse water-rock interaction mechanisms and fluid pathways. The findings highlight Mount Slamet as a promising candidate for REEs exploration in a volcanic-related geothermal system. This study underscores the urgent need for systematic research on REEs geochemistry in Indonesian geothermal fields to support mineral diversification and sustainable energy transitions.
Assessing Watershed Characteristics and Hydrological Response Using SWAT: A Case Study in the Raya Watershed, West Kalimantan Alhakim, Euis Etty; Bondan, Abimanyu; Iswanto, Eko Rudi; Anzhar, Kurnia; Indrawati, Yuni; Solihat, Sufiana; Setiawan, Muhammad Anggri
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 1 (2025): MAY 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.11420

Abstract

The watershed is primarily influenced by land use and population activities within the watershed area. Along with the increasing number of people, there is the potential for land-use changes that lead to a change in the land's function. This condition can cause soil erosion in the upstream areas and potential flooding in the downstream area of the watershed. This study aims to determine the hydrology response based on watershed characteristics in terms of annual flow coefficient (AFC) and geomorphology. Geospatial hydrological modeling was built to assess hydrological characteristics using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The analysis utilized primary data from field surveys and secondary spatial data, including geological maps, DEM, land use, soil, and daily rainfall, from 2013 to 2022. The study area covers the Raya Watershed in West Kalimantan. It was found in the Raya Watershed that open land use is prominent, with slopes ranging from sloping to steep in the upstream areas. The type of soil generally had porosity that did not support water absorption. These conditions caused more rainfall to be discharged as surface flow than absorbed into the soil. The AFC value during the study period ranged from 0.36 to 0.45, indicating a moderate hydrological response. Thus, groundwater storage in the watershed was very low. Consequently, the hydrological response of the watershed is unable to function optimally in its current condition. To overcome these problems, land conservation strategies, reforestation, and rehabilitation of old mine fields in upstream sub-basins are needed to reduce runoff and improve the watershed's ability to maintain a sustainable water balance.

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