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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 02169347     EISSN : 23380772     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
JKB contains articles from research that focus on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, and preventive medicine (social medicine).
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 822 Documents
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The Role of Plasma Osmolarity in the Mortality of Patients with Covid-19 Indiastari, Dewi; Candradikusuma, Didi; Sutanto, Heri; Budiarti, Niniek; Samsu, Nur
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.12

Abstract

Covid-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a new infectious disease that attacks the respiratory tract and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), causing multiorgan failure, often requiring temporary support such as the use of a ventilator or hemodialysis equipment. This condition is related to an imbalance in fluid distribution associated with changes in osmolarity or hyperosmolarity. This research aims to explain the role of plasma osmolarity in Covid-19 patients at dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, in patient outcomes, especially death outcomes. The sample for this study was 205 medical records of Covid-19 patients, recorded from September 2021 to May 2022. This study used a retrospective cohort design to describe plasma osmolarity in Covid-19 patients and the outcome of hospitalized patients. There were 205 patient data obtained, with 85 patients dying aged <65 years. Sixty-eight patients of Covid-19 with comorbidities (DM, HT, AKI, CKD, combination) died. There was no difference in plasma osmolarity for living and deceased patients. Repeated plasma osmolarity (retest) had a good degree of accuracy in predicting the outcome of Covid-19 patients, where sensitivity was 71.3% and specificity was 73.4% at a cut-off value of 277.32mOsm/L. The repeat plasma osmolarity value of ≥277.32 had a PPV value of 75%, while plasma osmolarity <277.32 had an NPV value of 69.3%. The OR value was 6.77, meaning that Covid-19 patients with repeated plasma osmolarity levels ≥277.32 would have 6.77 times the risk of mortality compared to Covid-19 patients with repeated plasma osmolarity levels <277.32.
Correlation between the Degree of Psychological Stress with Pain Intensity in Tension-Type Headache Patients Pambudi, Pagan; Sidabutar, Oktaviana
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.01.2

Abstract

Tension-Type Headache (TTH) is a critical health problem, particularly in Indonesia, with psychological stress being the most recognized contributing factor. The mechanism by which stress contributes to TTH is not fully understood, but stress has been found to increase pain sensitivity in peripheral or central patients with TTH, alongside the influence of biopsychosocial factors in different individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between the degree of psychological stress and pain intensity in patients with TTH at Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin General Hospital. This observational analytic study was carried out using a cross-sectional approach and the 30 samples employed were taken through a systematic random sampling technique. The data was analyzed using Spearman's test. Our result showed that 63.33% of patients had mild stress, while 36.67% were moderate. In the mild stress group, there were 15.79% mild pain, 73.68% moderate pain, and 10.53% severe pain. Meanwhile, in the moderate stress group, 72.73% reported moderate pain, and 27.27% had severe pain. In conclusion, this study indicated there was a correlation between the degree of psychological stress and the intensity of pain in TTH patients, despite not statistically significant (p=0.102 and R=0.304).
Aphrodisiac Activity of Beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.) Seeds of Ethanol Extract in Mice Alim, Nur; Jasmiadi, Jasmiadi; Nadillah, Nadia; Indrawaty Kadir , Ira; Afirah, Nur
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.1

Abstract

Beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), is empirically used by the people of South Sulawesi-Indonesia as an aphrodisiac. Beligo seeds contain alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids, which have the potential to act as aphrodisiacs. The primary objective of this research is to determine the aphrodisiac activity of an ethanol extract from beligo seeds in mice.  The procedure entails extraction and aphrodisiac evaluation using introduction, climbing, and coitus test parameters. Aphrodisiac testing was carried out for seven days using 25 mice as experimental animals, divided into five groups. Each group consists of four males and one female. Group I was given Sod. CMC 1% as a negative control; II, III, and IV were given ethanol extracts of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg, 700mg/kg, 1400mg/kg BW, and group V, as a positive control, was given Yohimbine. The results showed that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg BW, 700mg/kg BW, and 1400mg/kg BW had aphrodisiac activity (p=0.0001) compared to Sod. CMC 1% based on data on the amount of introduction and climbing. However, based on data on the number of coitus, it showed that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg BW (p=0.072) had no aphrodisiac activity, 700mg/kg BW (p=0.007), 1400mg/kg BW (p=0.0001) had aphrodisiac activity compared to Na-CMC 1% and only a dose of 1400 mg/kg BW had the same aphrodisiac activity compared with Yohimbine (p=0.967). It is concluded that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds had aphrodisiac activity.
Modification of qSOFA Increases Mortality Prediction Accuracy in Sepsis Patients Gunawan, Erik Jaya; Siahaan, Salmon Charles Pardoman Tua; Idarto, Areta; Pribadi, Florence; Handayani, Lidya
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.01.3

Abstract

The Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is a simple parameter, however, its sensitivity as a mortality predictor is low. This study aimed to improve the predictor performance of qSOFA for in-hospital mortality. This study was a retrospective single-centered cohort using medical record data. This study included 150 patients aged 18-80 years old, who experienced sepsis and received ICU care between September 2021 and August 2022. qSOFA and modified ROX index (mROX) were calculated based on the most severe condition recorded in the emergency department (ED). Each variable's area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity were compared to predict in-hospital mortality. qSOFA scores ≥2 and mROX values ≤3.20 were independent factors that increased the risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 3.69 and 21.50; p 0.004 and 0.005, respectively). The combination of qSOFA scores ≥2 and mROX value ≤3.20 as in-hospital mortality predictors resulted in AUROC 0.791 with a sensitivity of 71.7% and specificity of 75.7%. The AUROC, sensitivity, and specificity of the combination of qSOFA and mROX were higher than qSOFA (0.766, 70.8%, 70.3%) or mROX (0.760, 68.1%, 67.6%) alone. In conclusion, the combination of qSOFA scores ≥2 and mROX values ≤3.20 increase the sensitivity and specificity for predicting in-hospital mortality in sepsis patients.
Effectiveness of Social Skills Training to Improve Social Functioning Scores in Schizophrenia Patients at X Lawang Mental Hospital Ratna, Dwi; Supriyanto, Irwan; Pratiti, Budi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.10

Abstract

Disability can cause social dysfunctions that affect daily activities, social interaction, and work, which has a significant impact on the quality of life of schizophrenics so that they depend on other people. The use of pharmacotherapy alone is not enough; psychosocial interventions such as social skills training (SST) is needed to improve social functioning in schizophrenic patients. Incorporating social skills training (SST) into a multifaceted treatment and rehabilitation program is deemed significant. The study aimed to determine the effect of social skills training to improve social functions in schizophrenia patients in X Lawang Mental Health. This study used a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test. Of 40 patients with schizophrenia who were admitted to X Lawang Mental Health fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion requirements. Social function scores were measured using the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) instrument before and after the social skills training intervention. The level of significance of statistical tests is stated at p<0.05. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test and linear regression. There was significant difference in social functioning scores between before and after social skills training with a value of p=0.000 (p<0.05). The results of the multivariate linear regression test showed that social skills training had a statistically significant effect to improve social function scores with a value of p=0.000. Social skills training has a significant effect to improve social functioning scores in schizophrenics at X Lawang Mental Health.
The Characteristics of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia Patients at Dr. T.C. Hillers Regional Hospital Maumere Sentosa, I Gede Bagus; Kurniawan, Rommy Andika; Conterius, Advent CT
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.01.4

Abstract

Preeclampsia can occur from the time the mother is pregnant until 48 hours to 6 weeks after giving birth and is associated with an increased complication rate of 2-8% during pregnancy, contributing to 9 - 26% of maternal deaths. This condition can have significant prolonged effects on both the mother and the baby. Considering the high rates of morbidity and mortality in mothers and babies due to preeclampsia, this study aims to understand the characteristics of patients with preeclampsia at T.C. Hillers Regional Hospital of Maumere within the period of January 1st to December 31st, 2022. This study is a retrospective descriptive study using secondary data. The data collection was performed on patients diagnosed with preeclampsia and eclampsia during the study period. The results showed that most participants were between 20-34 years old, had a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25, multigravida (had multiple pregnancies), housewives, High School graduates, and had a history of chronic hypertension. Based on risk factors, 35.5% of the subjects were ≥ 35 years old, 31% were primigravida (first-time pregnant), 26% were obese, 21% had a history of hypertension in previous pregnancies, 10,5% had chronic hypertension, 3% had multiple gestations, 1% of the subjects had a pregnancy interval >10 years, and 0.5% had diabetes mellitus. This study provides an overview of the characteristics and risk factors of pregnant women with preeclampsia in Maumere.
Imperforata Hymen: Secondary Urinary Retention due to Hematocolpos Compression in a 13-Year-Old Woman Sentosa, I Gede Bagus; Kurniawan, Rommy Andika
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.18

Abstract

Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital anomaly in which the hymen completely covers the vaginal opening, caused by the failure of vaginal plate canalization during the embryonic period. This article reported a 13-year-old girl with a chief complaint of cyclic monthly lower abdominal pain, suprapubic pain, and inability to urinate. She denied prior menstruation. Cystic mass was palpated in the suprapubic area, and the hymen was seen covering the entire vaginal introitus. Hematometra and hematocolpos were found on abdominal ultrasonography and the patient was diagnosed with imperforate hymen. Hymenectomy was performed and she had regular menstruation afterwards. If left untreated, it can lead to morbidities such as infection, endometriosis, subfertility, and kidney failure. It is essential for clinicians to consider imperforate hymen as the differential diagnosis and examine the external genitalia, especially in adolescents with cyclic monthly lower abdominal pain and amenorrhea.
Malaria Falciparum in Pregnancy: A Case Series from an Endemic Area Sentosa, I Gede; Kurniawan, Rommy Andika
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.01.11

Abstract

Malaria is a public health issue worldwide, especially in tropical areas such as Indonesia. Malaria in pregnant women leads to increased risks of anemia, low birth weight, and fetal death. In this study, we reported two cases of malaria in pregnancy in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara, an endemic area, after several years with zero cases. The first case was malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy, while the second case was malaria with anemia and thrombocytopenia in the second trimester of pregnancy. Both patients were treated with supportive therapies and a combination of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) 1x3 tablets orally for three days, leading to a favourable outcome. Both cases showed that early diagnosis and combination therapy with the correct antimalarial agent is effective for malaria in pregnancy.
The First Experience and Benefits of the 12-week VIVIFRAIL Exercise and Its Workout Music Selection for Elder Adults in the Community of Ardirejo, Kepanjen Soenarti, Sri; Kurniawati, Victoria Maya; Zakiya, Fifi Afifatus; Pramesta, Marshanda Shella; Sulistyaningsih, Rita; Lestari, Harien; Amalia, Iftinan; Marintan, Silmy
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.01.5

Abstract

The VIVIFRAIL program is an Multi Component Physical Exercise (MPC) program which includes strength trainings, aerobics, gait trainings, balance and flexibility exercises tailored for each individual, and designed to facilitate evidence-based exercise interventions for elder adults. This program, which is unprecedented in Indonesia, is targeting elder adults in the pre-frail stage who are aiming for robust or fit status. This study utilizes a qualitative method with 15 older adults as the respondents. The data was collected from semi-structured interviews to encourage respondents to openly share their experience on the VIVIFRAIL program. The Consolidate criteria for Reporting Qualitative research (COREQ) method is used for reporting. The objective of this study is to find out the elderly's first experience of participating in VIVIFRAIL exercise and its benefits in returning the elderly's physical performance to robust or fit status as well as the selection of accompanying music during the 12 week exercise in the Ward Area of Ardirejo, Kepanjen District. The results showed that our respondents experienced positive feeling and felt physically fit and fresh. They could also monitor their blood pressure and train their balance to avoid falling. Moreover, after getting the benefit, respondents expected that the program could be continued. As for the workout music selection, respondents chose Javanese traditional music (gending), dangdut/koplo, local music, campursari, oldies songs, and Malangan songs for accompanying their exercise. In conclusion, after participating in the VIVIFRAIL program for 12 weeks, the respondents felt positive and physically fit and fresh.
Recurrent Severe Spasmophylia from Hypocalcaemia: A Case Report Pinzon, Rizaldy Taslim; Sinaga, Ruth Vanessa Gloria
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.01.12

Abstract

Hypocalcemia can present with a variety of clinical symptoms and indications. In situations of nerve-related hypocalcemia, muscle cramps and tetany are signs of increased excitability in either peripheral nerves or the central nervous system. Here, we described the case of a 58-year-old woman experiencing ongoing pain and cramping in both her upper and lower extremities. Through careful physical, neurophysiological, and radiological examinations, we were able to identify hypocalcemia as the primary cause of her severe muscle spasms and cramps, known as spasmophilia. Further detailed history-taking revealed a past total thyroidectomy. Administration of adequate calcium supplementation successfully relieved the symptoms.

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