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M Jadid Khadavi
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Al Kindi Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Multidisipliner
Published by PT Pustaka Belajar Mentari
ISSN : -     EISSN : 31103804     DOI : -
Core Subject : Religion, Education,
Religion Education
Al-Kindi: Jurnal Pendidikan islam Multidisipliner - (ISSN: 3110-3804 ) is a peer-reviewed open-access journal that publishes high-quality research articles in the field of education. The journal operates under a double-blind review process to ensure the integrity and rigor of the review process, with the aim of fostering the exchange of ideas and knowledge among researchers, academics, and practitioners. Al-Kindi Journal focuses on exploring the intersection between research and practice in Islamic education. It publishes a wide range of studies, experiences, and perspectives on various aspects of education, religion, teaching, development, educational innovation, learning strategies, and new technologies in Islamic education and learning. The journal accepts articles from a variety of approaches and methods and encourages submissions from a wider range of education and learning fields worldwide
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 161 Documents
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Tantangan Khawarij, Thalhah, dan Muawiyah di Masa Ali Bin Abi Thalib: Analisis Politik, Sejarah, dan Dampaknya terhadap Dinamika Kepemimpinan Islam Awal Icksan Asry Fabanjo; Ansar Tohe
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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Abstract

This article comprehensively analyzes the political challenges faced by Ali bin Abi Talib during his tenure as the fourth caliph (35–40 AH/656–661 CE), focusing on three primary opposition groups: Talha bin Ubayd-Allah and Zubayr bin al-Awwam, Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan, and the Kharijites. Employing a library research approach with a descriptive-analytical qualitative method—grounded in historical and Islamic political perspectives—this study examines the causes of conflict, evolving political dynamics, Ali’s leadership strategies, and their impact on governmental stability and Muslim unity. The findings reveal that the challenges Ali faced were multidimensional, encompassing demands for retribution (*qisas*) for Uthman’s death, the political ambitions of the Umayyad family, divergent religious interpretations, economic disparities, and issues regarding leadership legitimacy. The conflict with Talha and Zubayr during the Battle of the Camel reflects the tension between the demand for justice and political stability, while the conflict with Mu'awiyah during the Battle of Siffin and the *Tahkim* (arbitration) event represents the clash between religious idealism and pragmatic political realities. The emergence of the Kharijites as an extremist group illustrates how differences of opinion can give rise to radical theological-political fragmentation. The study concludes that Ali’s leadership strategy—which prioritized consultation and the upholding of truth—encountered structural obstacles due to a weak power base and strong, organized opposition. The relevance of the conflicts during Ali’s era to contemporary Islamic political dynamics lies in the importance of managing differences, upholding balanced justice, fostering inclusive leadership, and remaining vigilant against extremism and identity politics to preserve the unity of the *Ummah*.
Kajian Historis tentang Islam di Spanyol dan Perkembangannya Ariyanti Alwan; Ansar Tohe
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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This study comprehensively examines the history of the arrival of Islam in Spain (Al-Andalus), as well as its development and decline over nearly eight centuries (711–1492 CE). Employing a historical-descriptive and analytical approach based on library research, the article explores the socio-political background of pre-Islamic Spain, the conquest led by Tariq ibn Ziyad and Musa ibn Nusayr, the political dynamics of Islamic rule—spanning the eras of the governors, the Umayyad Caliphate, the Almoravids, the Almohads, and the Nasrid dynasty—and the factors driving civilizational advancement and eventual decline. The findings indicate that the success of Islam in building a civilization in Spain was underpinned by social cohesion, intellectual vigor, and a policy of tolerance (*convivencia*) that facilitated cultural exchange among Muslims, Christians, and Jews. However, internal divisions, political conflicts, and the *Reconquista* movement were the primary factors leading to the collapse of Islamic rule. The legacy of Islamic civilization in Spain contributed significantly to the European Renaissance through the transfer of knowledge, philosophy, and technology. The study concludes that Islamic civilization in Spain was not merely a historical episode but a pivotal milestone that shaped modern European civilization.
Kerajaan Mughal di India: Telaah Historis Kebijakan Kekuasaan dalam Perspektif Kaidah Fiqh Siyasah Putri Humaira Djufri; Ansar Tohe
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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The Mughal Empire was one of the three great Islamic gunpowder empires that ruled the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries, from 1526 to 1858 CE. This article examines the origins, development, golden age, and decline of the Mughal Empire, analyzing them through two principles of fiqh siyasah and ushul fiqh: tasharruf al-imam ‘ala ar-ra’iyyah manutun bi al-maslahah (a ruler’s policy toward the people must always be oriented toward the common good) and dar’u al-mafasid muqaddamun ‘ala jalb al-masalih (preventing harm takes precedence over pursuing benefit). This study employs a qualitative method with a historical-normative approach through library research. The findings show that the golden age under Akbar the Great was closely linked to maslahah-oriented policies such as the abolition of jizyah, the mansabdari system, and interfaith tolerance, consistent with the principle of tasharruf al-imam. Conversely, the decline under Aurangzeb reflects a departure from the principle of dar’u al-mafasid, as policies of religious intolerance generated greater socio-political harm in the form of widespread resistance and political disintegration. This study affirms the relevance of fiqh siyasah principles as a normative framework for reading the dynamics of Islamic political power throughout history, offering lessons for contemporary Muslim leadership.
Kerajaan Safawi di Persia: Pembentukan, Kemajuan, dan Kemunduran Abu Bakar Mustafa; Ansar Tohe
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the establishment, development, golden age, decline, and collapse of the Safavid Dynasty, as well as its influence on the development of Islamic politics and the geopolitical dynamics of the Middle East. The research employed a qualitative approach using library research with historical and Islamic political perspectives. Data were collected through documentation of books, scientific journals, historical records, and other relevant academic sources, then analyzed using descriptive-analytical techniques involving data reduction, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the Safavid Dynasty successfully reunited Persia after prolonged political fragmentation and transformed its religious identity by establishing Twelver Shi'ism as the official state doctrine. Under Shah Abbas I, the dynasty reached its peak through military, administrative, economic, cultural, and scientific reforms. However, weak leadership, internal conflicts, economic decline, military deterioration, corruption, and external invasions led to its collapse. Despite its political downfall, the Safavid legacy continues to shape Iran's national identity and significantly influences contemporary Islamic politics, particularly Sunni-Shi'a relations and the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East.
Peran Nabi Muhmmad SAW sebagai Kepala Agama di Makkah dan Kepala Negara di Madinah Muhammad Faisal; Ansar Tohe
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the transformation of Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) leadership from his role as a religious leader in Mecca to his dual role as both religious and political leader in Medina, as well as to examine its relevance to contemporary concepts of leadership and governance. The research employed a qualitative approach using library research by analyzing primary and secondary sources, including the Qur'an, Hadith, classical sīrah literature, books, and scholarly journal articles. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed descriptively using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the Prophet's leadership developed in response to changing social and political circumstances without altering the fundamental objectives of Islam. During the Meccan period, his leadership emphasized faith, moral education, and spiritual development, while in Medina it evolved into an integrated model combining religious guidance with state administration through principles of justice, consultation (shūrā), equality, and social welfare, as reflected in the Constitution of Medina. The study concludes that the Prophet's leadership represents a contextual and adaptive model whose universal values remain relevant for contemporary governance while allowing institutional flexibility according to societal needs.
Perkembangan Islam di Asia Tenggara: Kajian Historis di Brunei Darussalam, Filipina, dan Thailand Isramijz Bayau; Ansar Tohe
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the historical development of Islam in Southeast Asia, focusing on Brunei Darussalam, the Philippines, and Thailand, and to identify the factors influencing the different patterns of Islamic development in these countries. The research employed a qualitative approach using library research combined with the historical method. Data were collected from books, scientific journals, historical documents, and other relevant academic sources, and were analyzed through descriptive, historical, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that Islam spread across Southeast Asia primarily through peaceful penetration, including trade, da'wah, intermarriage, education, and diplomatic relations. The study also indicates that the Arab, Gujarat, and Persian theories complement one another in explaining the Islamization process. Furthermore, Brunei Darussalam demonstrates a distinctive model of Islamic development, where Islam functions not only as the religion of the majority but also as the ideological foundation of the state through the Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) philosophy. The study concludes that the development of Islam in Southeast Asia has been shaped by historical, political, social, and cultural factors, resulting in diverse patterns of Islamic growth in each country.
Kajian Historis Pembentukan Khalifah di Massa Abubakar As-Siddiq Jufri Yusup; Ansar Tohe
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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This study examines the formation of the caliphate during the leadership transition following the death of Prophet Muhammad SAW, with a particular focus on the appointment of Abu Bakr Ash-Shiddiq as the first caliph of Islam. The research aims to analyze the concept of the caliphate, the process of Abu Bakr's appointment through deliberation (shūrā) at Saqifah Bani Sa'idah, and the implications of his leadership for the development of the Islamic political system. This study employs a qualitative library research method using a historical and descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected from primary sources, including the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical Islamic historical works, as well as secondary sources such as scholarly books and journal articles. The findings reveal that the appointment of Abu Bakr was based on consultation and collective consensus rather than hereditary succession, reflecting the principles of justice, trustworthiness, and public welfare. Furthermore, Abu Bakr's leadership successfully maintained the unity of the Muslim community, suppressed the Ridda movements, enforced zakat obligations, and established the administrative and political foundations of the Khulafaur Rashidin government, demonstrating that effective leadership is rooted in integrity, consultation, and commitment to the common good.
Transformasi Evaluasi Pembelajaran melalui Generative Artificial Intelligence dalam Penilaian Berbasis Kompetensi Pebry Salsa Saputri; Uswatul Hasana; Abd Hapid; Fatahul Rahman; Risma Handayani
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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Abstract

The development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) has transformed the paradigm of learning evaluation through assessment automation, learning data analysis, and adaptive feedback. However, its implementation still faces various challenges related to assessment validity, ethical use of technology, algorithmic bias, and the importance of educators' roles in academic decision-making. This study aims to analyze the transformation of educators' roles in the Generative AI-based learning evaluation paradigm, assess the effectiveness of Generative AI in supporting formative assessment in competency-based learning, and formulate a framework for adapting Generative AI implementation that still upholds validity, ethics, and human control. The study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a qualitative-analytical approach to scientific articles published in the last five years and obtained from reputable academic databases. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis through a process of identification, filtering, extraction, and synthesis of research findings. The results of the study indicate that Generative AI transforms the role of educators from assessment implementers to facilitators, evaluators, and pedagogical decision-makers utilizing AI as a support system. Generative AI has been proven to increase the effectiveness of formative assessment through rapid, objective, and personalized data analysis. However, its implementation still requires validation by educators to address issues of validity, bias, and ethics. This research produces an adaptive framework that positions Generative AI as a decision support system through integrated data validation, balanced evaluation of cognitive, psychomotor, and affective aspects, and the application of the human-in-the-loop principle in assessment decision-making. These findings are expected to serve as a conceptual reference in the development of an effective, adaptive, and ethical competency-based learning evaluation system.
Implementasi Etika Profesi Notaris dan PPAT dalam Menjalankan Kewenangan Jabatan Jufri Yusup
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
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This study aims to analyze the implementation of professional ethics for Notaries and Land Deed Officials (PPAT) in carrying out their official duties, identify the factors causing violations of the professional code of ethics, and examine the forms of legal responsibility arising from such violations. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were collected through library research by examining legislation, professional codes of ethics, legal literature, journals, and relevant court decisions. The findings indicate that professional ethics play a fundamental role in ensuring legal certainty, justice, and legal protection in the preparation of authentic deeds. Compliance with the Notary Code of Ethics and the PPAT Code of Ethics, together with adherence to applicable laws and regulations, serves as a preventive mechanism against abuse of authority and procedural violations. The study also reveals that violations of professional ethics are primarily caused by the lack of prudence, weak professional integrity, and non-compliance with legal procedures, resulting in administrative, civil, criminal, and organizational sanctions. Therefore, strengthening supervision, continuous professional education, and consistent enforcement of the code of ethics are essential to maintaining the dignity of the professions and enhancing public trust in Notaries and PPAT.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Artificial Intellegent (AI) sebagai Learning Assistant terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Mahasiswa Nur Lina Fauziyah; Heni Indrayani
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education provides various conveniences for students in obtaining information and supporting the learning process, while also raising concerns about the potential for dependency and reduce student’s learning independence. This study aims to analyze the impact of using AI as a learning assistant on student’s learning independence. The study used a quantitative approach with an associative approach. The sample consisted of 60 active students who have used AI. The research instrument used a Likert-scale questionnaire that measured two aspects of Artificial Intelligence and five aspects of learning independence. The reliability test results showed a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.907 for the AI ​​variable and 0.892 for the learning independence variable, categorized as excellent and good. The data obtained indicated that the research instrument had good internal consistency. This study contributes to the understanding of the utilization of AI technology in higher education and its implications for developing student’s learning independence in the digital era.

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