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Folia Medica Indonesiana The Unit of Journal Consortium and Folia Medica Indonesiana Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, Pacar Kembang, Kec. Tambaksari, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60132, Indonesia
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Folia Medica Indonesiana
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 23558398     EISSN : 2599056X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.65346/2958-4515.2401
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Folia Medica Indonesiana, as indicated by its name, focuses on publishing good quality articles about research and education on health science and medicine in Indonesia. However, due to the fast growth of science and knowledge in these fields, we also welcome submitted articles from around the world, especially the ones that contain related matters from lower-middle income countries. Folia Medica Indonesiana is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that is published online at least four times a year. The scope covers various aspects of basic medical sciences includes anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, and molecular medicine) and clinical medicine (covers specialties like internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, oncology, psychiatry, etc). We highlight the pathology and potential treatment of metabolic syndromes and infectious diseases. Folia Medica Indonesiana also encourages the publication of articles about health education. The scope includes, but is not limited to, articles that emphasize on preventive education on certain diseases in a community, also research report of various materials and/or methods to develop medical education. We recognize the importance of this type of articles to be published alongside the assigned topic in each of our yearly issues, to provide our readers with updated information in medical sciences’ research and education simultaneously.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 60, No. 4" : 10 Documents clear
The Differences between Pre- and Post-Therapy Levels of Platelet Count and Platelet Indices in Children with Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura Kusumaningrum, Regina Rania Cahya; Andarsini, Mia Ratwita; Hernaningsih, Yetti; Romadhon, Pradana Zaky
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
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Highlights: 1. This study was the first to analyze the therapeutic response in children with ITP at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. 2. This study analyzed the response of platelet count and indices, including MPV, PDW, P-LCR, and PCT to therapy, which provides a more comprehensive perspective on therapy response in children with ITP. 3. This study explored the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches based on ITP categories, offering new insights into the most effective treatment options for children with ITP. Abstract Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by antiplatelet autoantibodies. Clinically, ITP is classified into three phases including Newly-Diagnosed ITP, Persistent ITP, and Chronic ITP, each with distinct durations and therapy implications. Patients with ITP who do not receive appropriate or optimal treatment are at a heightened risk of morbidity and mortality related to bleeding complications, the condition could worsen, potentially resulting in fatal consequences. In ITP patients, platelet counts decrease, accompanied by abnormal shifts in platelet indices, including Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Platelet Large Cell Ratio (P-LCR), and Plateletcrit (PCT). Thus, therapeutic response in ITP patients can be evaluated through increased platelet counts and normalization of platelet indices. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic response of platelet counts and platelet indices in pediatric ITP patients by comparing pre- and post- therapy levels overall by category, across all medication types administered, and according to the specific medication used within each category. The result of this study are expected to provide an overview of the most effective treatments across all ITP categories in order to prevent severe complications and reduce the risk of mortality. This retrospective study included ITP patients under 18 years old at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, conducted from September 2023 to March 2024. Platelet count and platelet indices pre- and post-therapy levels were analyzed using the Paired T-test for normally distributed data and the Wilcoxon test for non-normally distributed data, with significance set at p < 0.05. In summary, there were notable changes in the pre- and post-therapy levels of platelet, MPV, PDW, P-LCR, and PCT in each ITP category and for all therapies. Platelet count and PCT increased, while MPV, PDW, and P-LCR decreased. Patients treated with prednisone exhibited the best therapeutic response. Among the categories, Newly Diagnosed ITP demonstrated the most optimal therapeutic response. Overall, ITP therapy led to significant differences between pre- and post-therapy levels, marked by an increase in platelet counts and normalization of platelet indices.
Urine Periostin Level and Renal Function in Malignancy Patients Treated with High-Dose Cisplatine Yusuf, Harry; Rachman, Andhika; Marbun, M Bonar; Shatri, Hamzah; Ahadini, Putri Aliya
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
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Cisplatin has been used extensively as a cancer treatment. Nephrotoxicity, which is assessed by blood urea levels, blood creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), is caused by cisplatin metabolites that build up in the kidneys. Because of these indicators' numerous flaws, optimal biological markers are required. One of the key mediators of inflammatory processes, such as kidney fibrosis and inflammation, is periostin. In cancer patients undergoing high-dose cisplatin therapy, the purpose of this study is to ascertain how urine periostin changes and how it relates to kidney function. This cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Center General Hospital of Cipto Mangunkusumo's medical hematology-oncology outer clinic and medical hematology-oncology ward on the eighth floor starting in November 2019 and ending when the minimum sample was obtained through consecutive sampling. Data was analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 23.0 based on the research objective. Of the 37 responders, 70.3% were men, 29.7% were between the ages of 41 and 50, 78.4% were married, 59.5% had completed high school, 37.8% were employed, 59.5% had NPC, and 64.9% had a Karnofsky score of 80. Between before and one week following chemotherapy II, the respondents' blood creatinine and urea levels rose. The eGFR value has also decreased. Periostin levels, on the other hand, tended to rise one week following treatment III after declining during chemotherapy I and II (p value>0.05). Urine periostin levels and other kidney function indicators did not significantly correlate (p>0.05), according to the correlation test, and several domains had negative directions. The correlation coefficient values were modest (r = 0.017-0.254). There is a changing of urine periostin level of malignant patients receiving high dose cisplatin therapy which increase after the third chemotherapy. No significant correlation was found between periostin levels and kidney function in malignant patients with high-dose cisplatin therapy.
Genetic Associations of IL-2 (rs2069762) and EGR3 (rs3750192) Polymorphisms with Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis Anilkumar, Anu Shibi; Thomas, Sheena Mariam; Veerabathiran, Ramakrishnan
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
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Highlights: 1.The novelty of this study lies in its thorough examination of gene polymorphisms and their associations with schizophrenia risk across different populations. 2.This meta-analysis provides new insights by highlighting the lack of reliable association for interleukin-2 (IL-2) rs2069762 and revealing a substantial protective effect of early growth response 3 (EGR3) rs3750192 in specific ethnic groups, particularly among Polish and Chinese. Abstract Although genome-wide association studies have identified numerous genes linked to schizophrenia, their specific roles remain unclear. This meta-analysis sought to explore the association of polymorphisms in the interleukin-2 (IL-2) rs2069762 and early growth response 3 (EGR3) rs3750192 with schizophrenia susceptibility. The literature review on schizophrenia was conducted using databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, with specific search terms. The inclusion criteria focused on studies linking IL-2, EGR3, and schizophrenia, requiring genotypic and allele frequency data. The data extraction included genotypic and allelic frequencies, sample size, publication details, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium values, and ethnicities. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were employed for analyses under allele, dominant, recessive, and overdominant models. Subgroup analyses were conducted by ethnicity. No significant associations with schizophrenia risk were found for IL-2 rs2069762 across all genetic models. The allele (OR=0.94, p=0.34), dominant (OR=0.85, p=0.55), recessive (OR=0.93, p=0.76), and overdominant (OR=0.94, p=0.76) models showed non-significant results. Conversely, EGR3 rs3750192 demonstrated a significant association in the dominant (OR=0.73, p=0.012) and homozygous (OR=0.70, p=0.004) models, suggesting a protective effect. The subgroup analyses indicated ethnic differences, with Polish and Chinese showing significant protective effects for IL-2 and EGR3, respectively. While IL-2 rs2069762 lacks a consistent association with schizophrenia, EGR3 rs3750192 may confer a protective effect, particularly in certain ethnic groups.
Hypnopressure as a Non-Invasive Method for Anxiety and Pain Management in Primigravidae during Active Labor Fitrianingsih, Yeni; Prasetya, Hanung; Widiyanti, Rani
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
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Highlights: 1. This study applied hypnopressure, an innovative method that combines auditory hypnosis with acupressure on effective uterine points, namely the Hegu (LI4) and Sanyinjiao (Sp6) points. 2. This innovation offers an effective method for managing labor pain in primigravidae during the active phase of the first labor stage compared to hypnotherapy and acupressure administered separately. AbstractPsychological factors, such as fear and anxiety, are often responsible for prolonged labor. Anxiety affects 58% of primigravidae, while 2–4% experience pain with scores ranging from 30 to 40 out of 50. Hypnopressure is an innovative combination of hypnotherapy and acupressure applied on the Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Hegu (LI4) points for 3–5 seconds in 20 repetitions during the first stage of labor contractions. This study aimed to determine the effect of hypnopressure on the LI4 and Sp6 points in reducing primigravidae's anxiety levels and pain degrees during the active phase of the first labor stage. This research used a double-blind randomized controlled trial methodology with a pretest-posttest design. Eighty subjects were divided into four groups to compare the effects of different interventions and determine which one demonstrated the most effectiveness. Each of the hypnopressure, hypnotherapy, acupressure, and control groups comprised 20 subjects. The treatment interventions were administered during the active phase of the first labor stage, which was subsequently analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests (p<0.05). The hypnopressure (p=0.000), hypnotherapy (p=0.000), and acupressure (p=0.002) groups experienced decreasing anxiety levels. The Kruskal-Wallis post-test indicated a significant difference (p=0.000) after treatment, revealing that hypnotherapy resulted in the lowest decrease in anxiety compared to the other three groups. Additionally, the degree of labor pain (p=0.000) was lower in the hypnopressure group (4.00±1.496) than in the other three groups. There was a significant difference across the four groups (p=0.000), with subjects in the hypnopressure group reporting lower pain degrees compared to those in the hypnotherapy (p=0.000), acupressure (0.000), and control (p=0.000) groups. In conclusion, this study suggests that hypnopressure treatment can decrease anxiety levels and pain in primigravidae during active labor.
Reduction of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Spinal Anesthesia: Peppermint and Lavender Aromatherapies as Complementary Therapies Arif, Taufan; Ciptaningtyas, Maria Diah; Mudviyanti, Navalia Nailin; Solikhah, Fitriana Kurniasari
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
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Highlights: 1. This study provides insight into the effectiveness of peppermint and lavender aromatherapies in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients following spinal anesthesia. 2. Aromatherapies with peppermint and lavender administered three times within six hours have demonstrated potential as an easy-to-apply intervention that reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting. 3. In terms of effectiveness, however, peppermint aromatherapy exhibits a higher effectiveness in reducing nausea and vomiting compared to lavender aromatherapy. AbstractNausea and vomiting are common occurrences after surgery with spinal anesthesia, potentially leading to complications and delayed recovery. Hypotension associated with spinal, epidural, and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia is a significant factor contributing to postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study aimed to determine the difference in effectiveness between peppermint and lavender aromatherapies for reducing PONV in patients receiving spinal anesthesia. This study used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The research sample comprised at least 12 respondents in each group, resulting in a total of 36 respondents selected by a random sampling technique utilizing a wheel spinner. The inclusion criteria were respondents who experienced moderate to severe PONV, as indicated by scores of 9–24. The Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (RINVR) instrument was utilized to measure the level of nausea and vomiting over six hours. The statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney test and the Wilcoxon test, with a significance level set at p
Efficacy and Safety of Ozoralizumab versus Moxibustion for Rheumatoid Arthritis Susanti, Luthfiana Rofhani; Mustika, Arifa; Rahmawati, Lita Diah; Kencono Wungu, Citrawati Dyah
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
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Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that symmetrically damages the synovial membrane, affecting approximately 13% of the global population. Systemic complications and substantial declines in quality of life may result from untreated rheumatoid arthritis. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of moxibustion and ozoralizumab in reducing disease activity scores in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Between July 2023 and February 2025, we conducted a thorough search on four online databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and ProQuest) using keywords, reference searches, and other methods following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The obtained randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (ROB2) tool. MetaInsight version 5.2.1 was utilized to perform the indirect network meta-analysis, using mean difference (MD) as the summary statistics. The measurement of the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) indicated that ozoralizumab had a more significant effect on rheumatoid arthritis compared to placebo (MD=-1.88, 95% CI=-2.24-(-1.52)) and moxibustion (MD=-0.69, 95% CI=-1.07-0.31). Ozoralizumab demonstrated mild, moderate, and severe side effects, whereas moxibustion displayed modest side effects in comparison to placebo. In summary, both ozoralizumab and moxibustion reduced DAS28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with ozoralizumab proving to be the more effective treatment. However, the adverse effects of ozoralizumab were more varied than those of moxibustion.
The Tubarial Glands: Key Anatomical Features and Clinical Significance Nur Aditya, Dwi Martha; Santosa, Winnie Nirmala; Marzuki, Jefman Efendi; Sukarno, Devitya Angielevi; Baharuddin, Baharuddin; Prawitasari, Dita Sukmaya; Sajuni, Sajuni; Setyo Wicaksono, Adhimas; Djuanda, Stephanie Natasha
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
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Medical technological advancements have revealed previously unknown anatomical features in the nasal cavity known as tubarial glands. However, many questions remain unanswered concerning these glands. Through this systematic review, we sought to analyze the tubarial glands, including their major discovery, anatomical and histological features, and clinical significance. Articles were identified according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, with data collected from Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and PubMed until September 2024. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were utilized with various terminology: "tubarial gland*", "tubarial salivary gland*", and "radiotherapy”. The inclusion criteria were: (1) resources categorized as original research reports, case reports, case studies, letters to the editor, brief communications, commentaries, editorials, and news; (2) publications with accessible full text; and (3) articles providing information on the tubarial glands. The exclusion criteria were: (1) papers categorized as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or bibliometric analyses; and (2) articles not published in English. The identification yielded 37 resources from around the world, including 19 original research reports (51.3%), 3 case reports (8.1%), 6 letters to the editor (16.2%), 2 brief communications (5.4%), 7 commentaries (18.9%), 1 editorial (2.7%), and 1 news article (2.7%). The research subjects comprised 1 healthy patient (2.7%) out of 26 subjects, 12 prostate cancer patients (32.4%) out of 612 subjects, 3 head and neck cancer patients (8.1%) out of 38 subjects, 1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient (2.7%) out of 240 subjects, 1 Sjögren's syndrome patient (2.7%) out of 29 subjects, 1 patient with oncocytic papillary cystadenoma (2.7%), and 20 patients with other conditions (54.0%). This systematic review suggests that the newly discovered glands exhibit similar morphological, histological, and physiological properties to salivary glands and may have a function in the lubrication and maintenance of the upper airway.
Prognostic Nutritional Index with Wound Complication After Laparotomy in Colorectal Cancer Patients at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh Hadi, Amirul; Yusuf, Muhammad; Naufal, Iflan; Hidayat, Imam
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
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Colorectal cancer patients generally undergo laparotomy as part of the management. The earliest complications of laparotomy are bleeding, surgical wound infection, and anastomotic dehiscence. Albumin-lymphocytes are indicators of nutritional status and inflammation combined in the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Evaluation of PNI related to the degree of post-laparotomy wounds in colorectal cancer has not been widely explained. Objective: to find out the correlation of PNI for laparotomy wound complications in colorectal cancer patients at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh. Method: A cross-sectional study will assess the correlation of PNI to the degree of post-operative wounds with the South Hampton Wound Scale. PNI values were determined by albumin and lymphocytes. The subjects were colorectal cancer patients, aged 18 years and underwent laparotomy. The assessment was carried out on the 7th day after laparotomy. The Spearman test was performed to determine the correlation. Results: 30 colorectal cancer patients as samples, with an average age of 49.43 years old (±11.06), male (56.7%), moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (46.7%), average albumin 3.08 (±0.47) and lymphocytes 13.93 (±8.22). After evaluation, we found that patients with normal PNI values had South Hampton grade 1 (23.3%), while mild malnutrition was in grade 1 (6.7%) and 2 (6.7%), moderate malnutrition was in grade 3 (23.3%) and grade 4 (16.7%) and severe malnutrition were in grade 4 (16.7%) and grade 5 (13.3%). Conclusion: There was a very strong correlation between PNI and postoperative wound complications in colorectal cancer.
Centella asiatica Nanoparticles as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for Cognitive Decline Therapy using Ellman's Method: An in Vitro Study Nathania, Nathania; Kusumaningrum, Selvina Cindy; I'tishom, Reny; Kumalasari, Feranita; Margiana, Ria
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
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Highlights: 1. This research contributes novel data to current studies by combining the potential of Centella asiatica extract with PEG-400 to develop a therapeutic agent aimed at improving cognitive function through an effective drug delivery system capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier. 2. The findings of this study revealed that the combination of Centella asiatica extract and PEG-400 at an adequate ratio exhibits great potential as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Abstract Cognitive impairment, caused by neurocognitive changes and neuroinflammation, affects 65.6 million elderly people worldwide and can interfere with their quality of life. Centella asiatica is recognized for its neuroprotective potential due to its active compounds. This study aimed to investigate the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of Centella asiatica as potential therapeutic agents for cognitive decline. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) was used to achieve an effective drug delivery system of Centella asiatica extract, facilitating the inhibition of the apoptosis signaling pathway and allowing neuroprotective agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This research involved several testing stages, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify active compounds (e.g., tryptamine, γ-sitosterol, and β-sitosterol) that contribute to cognitive function improvement. Particle size analysis (PSA) tests were conducted on three formulations of the extract and PEG-400, with ratios of 1:100, 100:1, and 1:1, to determine the optimal formulation for subsequent testing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the morphology and surface structure of the samples, while Ellman's method was employed to test the ability of acetylcholine (ACh) in improving cognitive abilities. The results subsequently underwent descriptive analysis, particle distribution analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), nonparametric tests, image analysis, regression tests, multivariate analysis, and correlation tests. The synthesis demonstrated that the 1:100 formulation produced ideal-sized nanoparticles (5–7 nm), optimal for penetrating the BBB. The PSA and SEM analyses supported this finding by demonstrating homogeneous particle morphology and consistent chemical composition. The in vitro Ellman's assay revealed a high inhibitory rate of 97.63% for the 100:1 formulation. The 1:1 and 1:100 formulations demonstrated a very high effectiveness as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The combination of PEG-400 and Centella asiatica extract has great potential as an innovative pharmacological therapy for cognitive decline. However, further research is required to ensure the right dosage and development of the research findings.
Combination Therapy for Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review Utami, Wiwien Sugih; Rozaq, M.S. Irham; Indreswari, Laksmi; Abrori, Cholis; Hermansyah, Bagus
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 4
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Cryptosporidium sp. is a gastroenteritis-causing pathogen that may increase mortality and morbidity in immunocompromised patients. Diarrhea is a common problem among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, with 30–60% of patients in developed countries and 90% in developing countries affected. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis is 3–5% of the global population, with 14.42% of those affected being immunocompromised. There is currently no vaccine available to prevent cryptosporidiosis, while nitazoxanide monotherapy is ineffective in eradicating the organism in immunocompromised hosts and malnourished children. This study aimed to determine the most effective combination therapy for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients. This study used a systematic review design and implemented eligibility criteria for the literature search across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos, Google Scholar, Nature, Springer, and John Wiley databases. The search utilized specific keywords and Boolean operators, i.e., “Cryptosporidium,” OR “cryptosporidiosis,” AND “combination therapy,” OR “combination treatment,” AND “immunocompromised.” Two cohort studies and two case reports were selected, three of which used a nitazoxanide and azithromycin combination as the intervention, whereas only one cohort study used a nitazoxanide and fluoroquinolone combination. The studies comprised 54 samples from post-kidney transplantation patients and one sample from an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient. The nitazoxanide and fluoroquinolone combination showed superior outcomes than the nitazoxanide and azithromycin combination. The stool clearance was significantly lower with nitazoxanide monotherapy than the nitazoxanide and fluoroquinolone combination (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.34–0.92, p=0.01). However, it was non-significantly lower with the nitazoxanide and azithromycin combination compared to monotherapy (OR=0.27, 95% CI=0.01–5.77, p=0.24). Nitazoxanide monotherapy exerted a significantly lower effect than the nitazoxanide and fluoroquinolone combination in stopping diarrhea symptoms (OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.21–0.81, p=0.004). In conclusion, a combination therapy using nitazoxanide and fluoroquinolone for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients offers more favorable outcomes compared to monotherapy, particularly in stopping diarrhea and enhancing stool clearance.

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