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Social Media, Religious Extremism, and Ethical Responsibility in Nigeria: Balancing Free Speech and Moral Consequences. Temitope, Oyebanji Israel; Olayinka, Oyunwola Taiwo; Oluwabukunmi, Ogunbiyi David
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9356

This study examines the relationship between social media, religious extremism, and moral responsibility in Nigeria, with particular attention to the dual role of digital platforms as spaces for free expression and as channels for the dissemination of harmful ideologies. Against the backdrop of a communication landscape increasingly shaped by social media, the study addresses the rise of hate speech, misinformation, and the radicalization of vulnerable groups, especially within Nigeria’s context of deep ethnic and religious divisions and persistent security threats from extremist groups such as Boko Haram. The study seeks to explore how free expression can be protected while addressing the ethical consequences of digital communication and the underlying drivers of radicalization. Drawing on evidence from academic literature, policy texts, and illustrative case examples, the analysis shows that weak content moderation systems, legal and regulatory gaps, and enduring socio-economic grievances facilitate the spread of extremist narratives online. The study further highlights the roles of state institutions, technology companies, religious leaders, and the wider public in mitigating these risks. It concludes that unchecked online discourse can intensify extremist beliefs, fuel violence, and undermine social cohesion, thereby necessitating stronger multi-stakeholder cooperation to develop ethical, context-sensitive responses that safeguard democratic freedoms while promoting religious peace and national stability.

A Review on Antiplasmodial Activities of Hyptis suaveolens Plant Danlami, Dauda; Muhammad, Ruqayyah Hamidu; Umar, Kabir Mustapha
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9359

Hyptis suaveolens (L.), a member of the Lamiaceae family, has long been used in traditional medicine and has recently attracted increasing attention for its antimalarial potential. This review synthesizes existing evidence on the antimalarial properties of H. suaveolens, with particular emphasis on its bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils, which have demonstrated notable activity against malaria parasites. Evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies indicates that extracts of H. suaveolens can inhibit Plasmodium species, particularly Plasmodium falciparum, the major causative agent of human malaria. The review further examines the proposed mechanisms underlying these effects, including inhibition of parasite growth, cytotoxic activity, and immunomodulatory responses. In addition, it highlights key challenges that must be addressed for therapeutic development, notably the standardization of plant extracts, clarification of toxicity profiles, and the need for rigorous clinical trials. Overall, the review underscores the promise of H. suaveolens as a potential source of novel antimalarial agents and contributes to ongoing efforts to identify plant-based alternatives for malaria treatment.

Pathway Analysis of the Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) Gene in Some Selected Ruminants M., Jacob; A., Dauda; R. J., Wafar
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9396

Heat stress poses a major challenge to livestock production, particularly in tropical regions, by threatening animal welfare and productivity; however, pathway-level understanding of the Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) gene across ruminant species remains limited. This study investigated the molecular interactions and regulatory networks of the HSP70 gene under stress conditions in three economically important ruminants—Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Capra hircus. A bioinformatic pathway analysis was conducted using 34 HSP70 gene sequences retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database, comprising 13 goat, 12 cattle, and 9 sheep sequences. KEGG and STRING databases were employed for pathway enrichment and protein–protein interaction analysis, with confidence scores greater than 0.700 used to define interactions. The results showed that HSP70 functions as a central molecular hub integrating three major biological pathways: the MAPK stress response cascade, the TLR4-mediated innate immune pathway, and the apoptosis regulation pathway. A conserved chaperone cascade involving HSPA1A/HSPA1B/HSPA1L, DNAJB1, HSP90, and HSP70 was identified across all three species, indicating evolutionary conservation of thermotolerance mechanisms. Protein–protein interaction analysis further positioned HSP70 at the center of interactions with co-chaperones such as HSP90, HSP40, DNAJB1, BAG3, and STIP1, forming a coordinated multi-protein repair system. Its anti-apoptotic role was evident through inhibition of caspase activation, suppression of pro-apoptotic BAX activity, and stabilization of anti-apoptotic BCL2. Comparative analysis revealed substantial conservation of pathway architecture among the three species, with only slight variations in the heat shock gene cascade order that may reflect species-specific stress responses. This study provides a comprehensive molecular framework for understanding HSP70-mediated thermotolerance in ruminants and identifies potential genetic targets for marker-assisted selection and genomic breeding strategies to enhance climate resilience and support sustainable livestock production under changing climatic conditions.

Quality Characteristics of Wheat Flour and Fermented Watermelon Seed Flour Blends Ummulkhairu, Abubakar; P. I., Akubor; Ajiya, Rabiu Ibrahim; Sani, Adamu Hamsatu
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9397

Bread quality can be enhanced through the incorporation of nutrient-dense alternative flours, yet evidence on the use of fermented watermelon seed flour remains limited. This study evaluated the quality characteristics of bread produced from wheat flour partially substituted with fermented watermelon seed flour (FWSF). Watermelon seeds were fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 72 hours, oven-dried at 40°C, milled, and sieved to 0.25 mm, after which the resulting flour was blended with wheat flour at substitution levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The flour blends were analyzed for proximate composition, phytochemical content, functional properties, and pasting characteristics, while the breads were evaluated for chemical composition, antioxidant activity, protein and starch digestibility, color, physical properties, and sensory attributes. The results showed that FWSF incorporation improved the proximate composition, phytochemical content, functional properties, and pasting characteristics of the flour blends. Antioxidant activity also increased significantly, with FRAP values rising from 0.13 mol/100 g in the control bread to 0.24–0.33 mol/100 g in composite breads, and DPPH values increasing from 21.74 to 36.71 mg AAE/100 g at 25% substitution. Baking loss decreased from 25% in the control to 16.65% in breads containing FWSF, while physical properties remained largely unaffected. Although sensory scores declined progressively with higher substitution levels, the 5% substitution sample recorded the highest taste rating among the composite breads and did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from the control in overall sensory attributes. General acceptability ranged from 5.45 to 7.25 for composite breads compared with 7.50 for the control. In addition, L*, a*, and b* color values increased with FWSF inclusion, while the browning index decreased slightly. Overall, partial substitution of wheat flour with fermented watermelon seed flour enhanced the nutritional, functional, and antioxidant quality of bread without adversely affecting its physical characteristics, with 5% substitution identified as the most appropriate level based on improved quality attributes and consumer acceptability.

Extraction and Characterization of Dye Extract from Bridelia ferruginea Yakubu, Joshua; Kanadi, Andema Aaron; Mathias, Bifam; Dass, Peter Michael
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9399

This study investigated the extraction and characterization of a natural dye from the stem of Bridelia ferruginea using the Soxhlet method. The extraction yielded 32% dye extract, which exhibited a maroon color, a pH of 5.10, a melting point of 200–210 °C, a density of 1.20, partial solubility in water, and complete solubility in methanol. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids, whereas phenols and anthraquinones were absent. The dye extract also demonstrated inhibitory activity against certain bacterial and fungal organisms. Characterization using FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM, TGA, and GC-MS further elucidated its properties. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of O–H stretching, C–H stretching, C=C stretching, C–H bending, and C–O stretching functional groups. The UV-Visible spectrum showed distinct absorption peaks, with the most prominent peak observed at 304 nm and an absorbance value of 2.4889. SEM analysis revealed compact, fused, or crystalline-like surface structures. TGA showed thermal stability in three stages, with initial weight loss occurring between 30 and 150 °C, major weight loss between 250 and 450 °C, and residual mass remaining above 500 °C. GC-MS analysis identified 18 compounds with different retention times and intensities, among which maltose showed the highest intensity (2.50), while propanoic acid and tetral glycol showed lower intensities (0.20). These findings demonstrate that the stem extract of Bridelia ferruginea possesses notable physicochemical, phytochemical, antimicrobial, and structural characteristics relevant to its potential use as a natural dye.

Extraction and Characterization of Natural Dye Obtained from African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Pod Bark Kanadi, Andema Aaron; Yakubu, Joshua; Shalbugau, Kefas Wathagrda; Atiku, Jamila Umar; Yakubu, James; Dass, Peter Micheal
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9400

Although natural dyes have attracted growing interest as sustainable alternatives to synthetic colorants, studies on the physicochemical, phytochemical, antimicrobial, and structural properties of dye extracts from African locust bean pod remain limited. This study investigated the extraction and characterization of a natural dye from African locust bean pod using the maceration method. The extraction yielded 23.76%, and the dye extract was dark brown, with a pH of 5.77, a melting point of 440 °C, a density of 0.54 g/mL, partial solubility in water, and complete solubility in methanol. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phlabotannins, anthraquinones, quinones, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrate, starch, proteins, and anthocyanins, while saponin was absent. The extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and S. typhi, and antifungal activity against P. notatum, but no antifungal activity was observed against C. albicans and A. niger at all concentrations. Characterization was conducted using UV-Vis, FTIR, GC-MS, HPLC, and SEM analyses. The UV-Vis spectrum showed distinct absorption peaks, with the highest absorbance recorded at 287 nm (4.1000), likely associated with carbonyl (C=O) groups characteristic of hydrolysable tannins. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of C–H stretching, C=C stretching, C=O stretching, and C–O stretching functional groups. GC-MS identified 19 compounds with varying retention times and peak areas, among which cis-9-hexadecenal (14.81%) was the major compound, followed by heneicosanoic acid (8.59%), hexadecanoic acid (7.93%), and octadecanoic acid (7.31%). HPLC analysis revealed gallic acid as the most abundant compound, indicating the presence of hydrolysable tannin, while SEM showed a rough and porous surface morphology with a compacted, fused-like solid structure. These findings demonstrate that African locust bean pod is a promising source of natural dye with notable bioactive and structural characteristics, thereby contributing to the growing body of knowledge on plant-based dye materials.

The Legalization of Abortion and Its Influence on Youth Sexual Behavior and the Catholic Church: A Case Study of Adamawa State Umaru, Isaac John; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Asare, Solomon O.; Danjuma, Tyem Lawal; Yeboah, Genevieve A.; Salman, Julius Ishaya; Umaru, Hauwa A.; Ahmed, Maryam Usman
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9401

Although debates on abortion reform have intensified in Nigeria, limited attention has been paid to how partial legalization shapes youth perspectives and sexual and reproductive behaviors within specific sociocultural and religious contexts. This study examines how the limited legalization of abortion influences youth attitudes and behaviors in Adamawa State, with particular attention to demographic, cultural, and institutional factors, as well as the Catholic Church’s response to these changes. A qualitative approach was employed through interviews with health workers, clergy, and youths aged 18–25 from urban and rural areas of Adamawa State. Supplementary data were obtained from community forums, church outreach programs, and health service records, and the data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns in attitudes, behaviors, and institutional responses. The findings indicate a marked urban–rural divide, with urban youths reporting higher sexual activity, greater contraceptive use, and stronger support for reproductive autonomy. The study also found that the Catholic Church’s moral campaigns have had limited influence, particularly among urban youths who perceive religious teachings as less relevant to contemporary realities. In contrast, health workers were viewed as more trusted sources of guidance, while peers and media played a substantial role in shaping youth behavior. The study concludes that the evolving legal and cultural landscape in Adamawa State reflects a broader generational shift toward autonomy and informed decision-making among youths. These findings contribute to understanding the changing relationship between legal reform, religious influence, and youth reproductive behavior, and suggest that more balanced strategies integrating moral guidance, comprehensive education, and supportive policies are needed to promote healthy youth development in a changing society.

Impact of Distinct Carbon Substrates on the Proliferation of Antimicrobial-Producing Microbes Umaru, Isaac John; Danjuma, Tyem Lawal; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Salman, Julius Ishaya; Ahmed, Maryam Usman; Umaru, Hauwa A.
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 2 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i2.9474

Microbial production of antimicrobial compounds remains a fundamental area of biotechnology and pharmaceutical development, and its efficiency is strongly influenced by the carbon source available in the growth medium, which functions not only as an energy substrate but also as a regulator of microbial metabolism and secondary metabolite synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of five carbon sources—glucose, lactose, sucrose, starch, and glycerol—on microbial biomass yield, strain-specific growth preferences, metabolic compatibility, antimicrobial potency, inhibition zones, and bioactive metabolite production. Seven microbial strains, including Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces, and Clostridium, were cultured in media supplemented with each carbon source. Biomass yield was measured gravimetrically, growth rate indices were calculated on a scale of 0–10, antimicrobial potency was assessed using zone of inhibition assays against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae, and metabolite yield was quantified in mg/L using spectrophotometric analysis. All experiments were conducted in triplicate. The findings showed that glucose produced the highest biomass yield and growth rates across all strains, with Bacillus and Pseudomonas each scoring 10. Lactose demonstrated selective effectiveness, particularly for Streptomyces, whereas sucrose supported moderate growth and selective antimicrobial activity. In contrast, starch and glycerol consistently resulted in low biomass production and minimal antimicrobial potency. The zone of inhibition results further confirmed that glucose and lactose were the most effective substrates, with inhibition zones exceeding 20 mm. Similarly, metabolite yield was highest with glucose (120 ± 5.4 mg/L) and lactose (115 ± 4.9 mg/L), while glycerol produced the lowest yield (30 ± 1.5 mg/L). The study concludes that carbon source selection plays a critical role in microbial proliferation and antimicrobial compound production, with glucose and lactose emerging as the most suitable substrates for broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and high metabolite yield. These findings contribute practical evidence for optimizing fermentation strategies according to microbial metabolic profiles to enhance antimicrobial synthesis.

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Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
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Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone +6285799379817

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. lombok timur, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA