Journal of International Relations Diponegoro
Journal of International Relations Diponegoro publishes articles on contemporary transnational crimes from a variety of methodologies and approaches. The journal was originally established to encourage scholarly publications by students from International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro. JIRUD will be pubished twice a year May and November. Journal of International Relations Diponegoro seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field. Journal of International Relations Diponegoro publishes research, development and review articles in social and political fields with the following scope: 1. Transnational Crime 2. International Crime 3. Security Studies 4. Globalization & Transnationalism 5. Humanitarianism 6. Foreign Policy 7. International Politics
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<![CDATA[BACHA POSH : KEJAHATAN KEMANUSIAAN DI DALAM SELIMUT TRADISI DAN KEBUDAYAAN NEGARA AFGHANISTAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Arinta Fridha Pangestika]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Diponegoro Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35825
<![CDATA[ABSTRACT Sexual harassment, beatings and trafficking of women and children are things that are often faced by women in Afghanistan. Although the Bacha Posh Tradition is not in accordance with the fulfillment of individual rights for women and girls in Afghanistan, this Tradition has later developed into a culture that is inherent in society as the only way for women to gain their freedom and rights regarding education and work. In accordance with the Theory of Cultural Relativity used by researchers in this study, however, the impact that occurs due to the ongoing Bacha Posh Tradition is ultimately ruled out because of the feelings that are inherent in every girl in Afghanistan. The Bacha Posh tradition becomes a responsibility and obligation that girls have to do to help the family's economy and provide much easier access to resources for their families. Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission or AIHRC as an independent human rights enforcement agency in Afghanistan also regrets the attitude and actions taken by the Afghan government with the lack of analysis related to the risks of violations that arise such as violations of Human Rights through the Bacha Posh Tradition. Unfortunately, the return of the Taliban to Afghanistan will bring misery and a much worse life for the Afghan people in the future. Therefore, the researcher tries to explain the impact of what happened to women and girls in Afghanistan related to the implementation of the Bacha Posh Tradition in response to violations that arose in Afghanistan after the Taliban occupation. Researchers also try to provide conclusions related to this. In the end, this tradition becomes a unity in society and merges as a culture that is closely related to the views of Islamic law. The implementation of the Bacha Posh Tradition which is based on a sense of responsibility and its implementation which is used as a form of community jihad in terms of their belief in Islamic law is very clear, making this tradition difficult to separate from Afghan society. ]]>
<![CDATA[Perbudakan ISIS terhadap Perempuan Etnis Yazidi di Irak sebagai Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan dalam Konflik Bersenjata ]]>
<![CDATA[Oriza Ardiyanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Tri Cahyo Utomo]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Diponegoro Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v5i1.22736
<![CDATA[When ISIS seized control of the Iraqi territory in August 2014, the extremist group had carried out various forms of crimes against humanity towards multiple ethnic groups to launch their aim of forming a Islamic State. They have commited murder, torture, ill-treatment, religious coercion, imprisonment, and kidnappings accompanied by acts of sexual slavery, forced rape and pregnancy as happened in the Yezidi ethnic case in Iraq. ISIS has captured, sold, and raped them as slaves and caused victims to receive various types of physical and mental abuse. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the reasons underlying ISIS for sexual slavery against Yezidi women in Iraq by using the concept of Crimes against Humanity to explain the facts in case studies. The results of this study indicate that ISIS background made Yezidi women in Iraq as prisoners of slaves due to their own justification of the Qur'an interpretation which discredited and subordinated women, so that women were freely sold and treated arbitrarily. In addition, ISIS's actions were driven by very promising business motives of the "slave market" and have contributed a huge income to the activities and the continuity of ISIS.]]>
<![CDATA[1. EKSISTENSI KELOMPOK PEGIDA SERTA PROPAGANDA ANTI-PENCARI SUAKA DAN ISLAMOFOBIA DI JERMAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Andi Arie Setya Ningrum]]>;
<![CDATA[Reni Windiani]]>;
<![CDATA[Sheiffi Puspapertiwi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Diponegoro Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v2i4.12876
<![CDATA[PEGIDA or Patriotische Europaer gegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes is a patriotismgroup of European people against the Islamization of the West. Pegida spreads the antiasylum seeker and Islamophobia propagandas in Germany even in many Europeancountries. This research was conducted to determine the multiple factor that can influencethe existence of Pegida. The method of this research is qualitative with descriptive analysistype of research. The results of this research point out that in its movement Pegida spreadsthe hatred demeanor towards asylum seeker and Islam. The existence of Pegida werecaused by internal and external factors. The internal factors are the simillar of values,identity, norms, and language that are supporting the existence of Pegida. The externalfactors is Germany national regulation based on Constitution Republic Federal Germanyarticle 5, 8, dan 9 which ensure the protection of the freedom of expression, assembly, andassociation as the fundamental rights for every citizens.]]>
<![CDATA[Upaya Tiongkok Dalam Mempertahankan Provinsi Xinjiang Ditengah Tekanan Internasional ]]>
<![CDATA[Ryseldha Claudya Purba]]>;
<![CDATA[Shary Charlotte Henriette Pattipeilohy]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Diponegoro Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v6i4.28684
<![CDATA[The Chinese region has a diversity of tribes and cultures that are rarely known internationally. One of them is the Uyghurs which has recently received international attention. After Xinjiang was appointed as an autonomous region of China, relations between the Chinese government and the Uyghurs deteriorated since the emergence of the nationalist movement which made the situation in Xinjiang even more insecure. These nationalist movements include terrorism, separatism, and religious extremism. The purpose of this study is to provide another perspective in looking at the Xinjiang conflict which is from the point of view of the Chinese government. This study uses qualitative methods with secondary data sources, which are then analyzed using the concepts of National Interest, Hegemony, Conflict Dynamics, and theories of Conflict Causes. The results of this research indicate that the efforts of the Chinese government in maintaining hegemony in Xinjiang province are not for religious or cultural discrimination as is known by the international world, but rather are aimed at strengthening national interest namely maintaining regional security and preventing the development of nationalist movements by establishing the establishment of a Center for Education and Training Work]]>
<![CDATA[Analisa Meningkatnya Kasus Food Piracy dalam Fenomena Italian Sounding ]]>
<![CDATA[Audi Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Ika Riswanti Putranti]]>;
<![CDATA[Marten Hanura]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Diponegoro Volume 4, Nomor 2, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v4i2.20335
<![CDATA[Italian food product is a very popular product in the world and this fact leads to a largenumber of counterfeiting cases to these products. This can be seen from the large amountof profit reaching 30 billion Euro and ascend to 60 billion Euro. This research aim todetermine the cause of the increasing case of food piracy in the Italian Soundingphenomena in spite of the Italy’s numerous effort in handling this case. This research usesTransnational Organized Crime theory which will then be continued by usingneoliberalism view in the form of International Cooperation theory, InternationalInstitution theory, and International Regime theory. The method used for this research isqualitative with explanative research type. This research proves that the cause of this casecontinues to increase is the lack of awareness from Italy and other countries regarding thiscase which leads to the lack of international cooperation initiative in respond to foodpiracy in the Italian Sounding phenomena case.]]>
<![CDATA[24. INVESTING IN TRAGEDY: IMPLIKASI SUPLAI SENJATA CHINA TERHADAP SITUASI PASCA KONFLIK DI SUDAN, 2011-2014 ]]>
<![CDATA[Vicky Nauli Barreto Simanjuntak]]>;
<![CDATA[Reni Windiani]]>;
<![CDATA[Andi Akhmad Basith Dir]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Diponegoro Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v2i4.13636
<![CDATA[China is one of biggest actors in arms dealer in the world, and in Sudan, China has beenthe main supplier of weapons. However, Sudan is a country with a post-conflict situationwith weak government and is currently facing many rebel groups. The purpose of thisstudy is to determine the impact of the weapon circulation in post-conflict situations. Thisstudy is using the theory of Spoiler, which gives the emphasis of the resposibbility ofcertain actors in perpetruating or exacerbating crises in post-conflict region. China in thiscase, has been seen as the ‘opponent’ of the conflict as it continues supporting the sellingof the weapons in Sudan. The research revealas that the role of Chinese weapons in Sudanhas been very imminent in hampering the recovery processess in Sudan.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri: Kebijakan China terhadap Korea Utara pada Isu Krisis Misil di Semenanjung Korea ]]>
<![CDATA[Dwita Artsy Fitria]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Rosyidin]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Diponegoro Volume 7, Nomor 4, Tahun 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v7i4.31758
<![CDATA[This research discusses the changes in China’s foreign policy in the issue of the missile crisis that occurred in the Korean Peninsula. The main actor on the Korean Peninsula crisis is North Korea, which is a traditional ally of China. Hence China holds a crucial position in carrying out its foreign policy on this issue. This research attempts to provide answers regarding the level of the change and the factors driving this policy. This research uses Hermann's concept of foreign policy change. The finding in this research is that change in China’s foreign policy occurs at the program level, where the main goal of China in carrying out its foreign policy in the issue of the Korean Peninsula missile crisis is fixed, but change occurs in the method of policy implementation. In addition, this study also found that the driving factor for the policy came from external pressures therefore it had implications in China's foreign policy towards North Korea.]]>
<![CDATA[Pembentukan Persepsi Ancaman Keamanan Manusia Bagi Pengungsi Berdasarkan Tindakan Kekerasan Anti-Imigran di Jerman ]]>
<![CDATA[Winda Noviana]]>;
<![CDATA[Andi Akhmad Basith Dir]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Diponegoro Volume 4, Nomor 3, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v4i3.21067
<![CDATA[The rise of anti-immigrant acts and violence that happened at the peak of the 2015European refugee crisis became the background of this research. The emerging problem ishow’s the role of anti-immigrant behaviors in creating the threat perceptions to humansecurity for refugees in Germany by 2015 ? The purpose of this research was to providethe overview of refugee crisis, describing the anti-immigrant behaviors addressed torefugees, and explaining the relations between anti-immigrant behaviors in shaping thethreat perceptions to human security for refugees. The efforts to answer the problem andresearch’s objectives conducted by using simbolic interactionism theory, securitization andhuman security concept. The objects of this research was refugees and asylum seekersresiding in Germany during the peak of the refugee crisis in 2015. The results show thatanti-immigrant behaviors evolves with the rising amount of refugees whom have enteredGermany. Those behaviors had a role in shaping refugees’ threat perceptions throughinteraction and understanding of behaviors which later influencing the human securityindicators for refugees.]]>
<![CDATA[STABILITAS POLITIK DAN EKONOMI UNI EMIRAT ARAB SELAMA TERJADINYA ARAB SPRING ]]>
<![CDATA[Firsthy Brina Azhardiati]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Diponegoro Volume 9, Nomor 2, Tahun 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v9i2.38458
<![CDATA[ABSTRACT The United Arab Emirates (UEA), located in the Arabian Peninsula, has managed to remain relatively stable in the face of the widespread conflict and unrest brought about by the Arab Spring. This stability can be attributed to the country's political strength and economic power, which have enabled it to effectively respond to the challenges posed by the Arab Spring.This study aims to examine the relationship between the Failed States Index and the stability of the United Arab Emirates during the Arab Spring period. The research methodology utilized a combination of literature review, government reports, international journals, and online resources, with the annual Fragile States Index serving as the primary data source.Using the Failed States concept, the study suggest that the United Arab Emirates was able to remain stable due to the government's ability to manage the conflict by addressing some of the demands of its citizens. According to the Failed States Index, the United Arab Emirates satisfies the criteria that define a stable country.It is recommended that the UAE government approach its citizens to maintain the stability of its country as silencing opposing voices without international repercussions becomes increasingly difficult.Keywords: United Arab Emirates; Arab Spring; Failed States Index]]>
<![CDATA[Faktor Domestik di Balik Kerjasama Ekonomi: Kebijakan Jepang terhadap Indonesia dalam Skema Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJ-EPA) 2008 – 2018 ]]>
<![CDATA[Dian Islamawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Rosyidin]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Diponegoro Volume 5, Nomor 4, Tahun 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v5i4.25038
<![CDATA[The end of Japanese occupation during World War II made Japan finally provide war compensation assistance to its former colonies, including Indonesia, known as Japan ODA assistance. Over time, this assistance was also used by Japan as a means of maintaining good relations between Japan and Indonesia. After the ODA assistance took place for 50 years (1958-2008), then in 2008 Japan and Indonesia entered into bilateral economic cooperation through the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJ-EPA) scheme. However, the cooperation that has been carried out for 10 years (2008-2018) has resulted an imbalance because the economic benefits were dominated by the Japanese, while the benefits gained by Indonesia were not significant. In addition to the economy, Japanese policy in the IJ-EPA is also used to dominate other fields. This research then aims to analyze the reasons why Japan is willing to conduct bilateral economic cooperation with Indonesia. There are domestic factors behind Japan cooperating with Indonesia through the IJ-EPA scheme. These factors will be analyzed using the concept of national interest and nation branding. This study argues that the IJ-EPA cooperation between Japan and Indonesia in the end only benefited the Japanese. Because besides dominating profits in the economic field, the IJ-EPA collaboration was also used by Japan to maintain its dominance in Southeast Asia.]]>
