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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Influence of physicochemical environmental factors on morphometric characteristics of macroalgae from Ambon Island, Indonesia SINTJE LILINE; DOMINGGUS RUMAHLATU; SITI ZUBAIDAH; SRIYANTI SALMANU; Kristin Sangur
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250412

Abstract

Abstract. Liline S, Rumahlatu D, Zubaidah S, Salmanu S, Sangur K. 2024. Influence of physicochemical environmental factors on morphometric characteristics of macroalgae from Ambon Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1436-1453. Macroalgae are an essential part of the marine biodiversity of Ambon Island, requiring thorough investigation for conservation and cultivation purposes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify macroalgae and analyze the relationship of environmental physicochemical factors to morphometric characteristics of macroalgae from the coastal waters of Ambon Island, Maluku Province, between June and July 2023. Sampling was performed at four locations, i.e., Hutumuri, Alang, Aer Low, and Suli Villages, followed by laboratory morphometric identification and measurements. The results showed significant variations in the physicochemical environmental factors of the four locations, featuring temperatures ranging from 25.00-30.05°C, pH of 7.00-8.34, salinity of 31.00-32.00, and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 6.00-15.27. Furthermore, the substrate in each location differed, presenting sequentially as sandy coral, coral, sandy coral, and mud sand. 11, 10, 6, and 25 species were found in Hutumuri, Alang, Aer Low, and Suli, respectively. Each species, with distinct morphological characteristics and morphometric sizes, was distributed across the Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, and Rhodofhyta classes. These observations provided crucial insights into the intricate relationship between environmental factors and morphometric characteristics, including full length, thallus width, and length, as well as holdfast length and width of both same-species and different macroalgae populations in Ambon Island.
Short Communication: Botanical assessment and conservation status of medicinal plants in mountain range of Malinao Albay, Philippines TERESA HAIDE R. BELGICA; MARLON D. SUBA; GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250409

Abstract

Abstract. Belgica THR, Suba MD, Alejandro GJD. 2024. Short Communitation: Botanical assessment and conservation status of medicinal plants in mountain range of Malinao Albay, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 1413-1419. Mount Malinao in Albay Province, Philippines is considered to harbor a diverse array of medicinal plants that are invaluable to local communities and have potential global significance. Despite its ecological importance and diverse floral and faunal species, there is a lack of an extensive profile of medicinal flora in the area. Therefore, this study aims to catalog and evaluate the conservation status of these medicinal plants for conservation strategies and sustainable management. Sampling took place from April to June 2016 in the lower agroforest with diverse agricultural resources with elevation of 51 to 300 meters above sea level. The comprehensive inventory of medicinal plants involved a combining field surveys, available ethnobotanical studies, ecological assessments, and thorough research, resulting in the identification of 74 species of medicinal flora from 38 families and 72 genera. Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria, three species were identified as Data Deficient (DD), 24 species were categorized as Least Concern (LC), and 47 were marked as Not Evaluated (NE). Additionally, 72 medicinal plants were identified as Non-Endemic, while two species were considered endemic, including Canarium ovatum Engl, and Voacanga globosa (Blanco) Merr. By understanding the ecological importance and cultural significance of these medicinal plants, this assessment provides a foundation for conservation efforts aimed at maintaining biodiversity, supporting local livelihoods, and safeguarding traditional knowledge for future generations.
Parasitological and serological detection of Trypanosoma evansi on Bali cattle at the Pesanggaran slaughterhouse, Denpasar, Indonesia using hematological profile IDA AYU PASTI APSARI; NYOMAN ADI SURATMA; IDA BAGUS NGURAH SWACITA; I GEDE SOMA; TRI KOMALA SARI; I PUTU CAHYADI PUTRA; PUTU HENRYWAESA SUDIPA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250319

Abstract

Abstract. Apsari IAP, Suratma NA, Swacita IBN, Soma IG, Sari TK, Putra IPC, Sudipa PH. 2024. Parasitological and serological detection of Trypanosoma evansi on Bali cattle at the Pesanggaran slaughterhouse, Denpasar, Indonesia using hematological profile. Biodiversitas 25: 1057-1062. Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus Blyth, 1842 syn. Bos javanicus domesticus Wilckens, 1905) are vulnerable to blood protozoan infections like Trypanosoma evansi. Indonesia's warm and moist environment provides ideal conditions for blood-sucking flies such as Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia irritans, and Hipobosca sp. to thrive and spread. These flies act as carriers of T. evansi, which can then infect Bali cattle. This study aims to detect the presence of T. evansi in Bali cattle. Blood samples were collected from 275 Bali cattle at the Pesanggaran slaughterhouse, Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia. The samples were examined using the Giemsa-Staining Blood Smear (GSBS) method and hematology profile examination using Hematology Analyzer RT-7600 for Vet. Serum samples were also collected for serologic examination using the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT) method. The hematological profile data obtained were analyzed descriptively, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the significance of hematological values between female and male cattle seropositive to T. evansi. The results showed that the T. evansi parasite was not detected in the blood smear examination. However, the serological detection with CATT revealed that 6.54% (18/275) of Bali cattle were positive for T. evansi. The hematological profiles of T. evansi seropositive cattle remained within the normal range, except for neutrophil percentage. White Blood Cell (WBC), Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and hematocrit (PCV) values of male cattle were significantly (P?0.05) lower than those of females. Therefore, based on serological examination, it can be concluded that the protozoa T. evansi is present in 6.54% of Bali cattle at the Pesanggaran slaughterhouse.
The effect of kweni mango and randu honey addition on the characteristics of synbiotic etawa goat milk SAMSUL RIZAL; A. S. SUHARYONO; SUSSI ASTUTI; AURA SABRINA DEWANTI; YEREMIA BAGUS NUGROHO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250426

Abstract

Abstract. Rizal S, Suharyono AS, Astuti S, Dewanti AS, Nugroho YB. 2024. The effect of kweni mango and randu honey addition on the characteristics of synbiotic etawa goat milk. Biodiversitas 25: 1580-1587. The addition of kweni mango and randu honey as ingredients for producing synbiotic etawa goat milk is widely known to have a significant effect on the characteristics of the product. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the best formulation of kweni mango and randu honey in producing synbiotic etawa goat milk. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design with 4 replications. A single factor with six levels of formulations of kweni mango extract and randu honey was used in producing synbiotic etawa goat milk. These formulations included F1 (0%:25%), F2 (5%:20%), F3 (10%:15%), F4 (15%:10%), F5 (20%:5%), and F6 (25%:0%). Subsequently, the microbiological, chemical, and sensory properties, as well as antimicrobial activity of the product were evaluated. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that formulation (F4) containing 15% kweni mango extract and 10% randu honey produced the best synbiotic Etawa goat milk beverage. In addition, F4 formulation showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli. The optimal beverage met the standards for lactic fermentation products from a chemical perspective and was favored by the panelists.
Short Communication: Genetic diversity and identification of unique Omicron variant markers of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia IDA B. K. SUARDANA; BAYU K. MAHARDIKA; ADHIYOGA A. A. N. A. SANTOSA; GUSTI N. MAHARDIKA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250448

Abstract

Abstract. Suardana IBK, Mahardika BK, Santosa AAANA, Mahardika GN. 2024. Short Communication: Genetic diversity and identification of unique Omicron variant markers of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1781-1787. The rapid and global spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused enormous socioeconomic disruptions, such as local and global travel, country or city lockdown, and manymore. We tested the hypothesis that global introduction and local substitution markers that are unique to Indonesia due to the global travel restrictions could be identified. All complete and high-coverage genomes of all Omicron variant sequences submitted from Indonesia were downloaded from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), in October 27, 2022, and aligned with the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain and randomly selected Nextstrain Omicron clades. Genetic diversity was calculated using Tajima’s neutrality test, and phylogeny was constructed using the neighbour-joining method in Mega 11. The overall whole genome diversity of the Omicron variant detected in Indonesia is 0.0008, with the three highest coding region diversities being Open Reading Frame 6 (ORF6), Envelope, and Spike protein. The Tajima D value of the whole genome is -2.669, while the three highest Tajima values are ORF6, Envelope and ORF10. The phylogeny shows that there are 168 sequences of Indonesian Omicron variants, which do not share branches with Nextstrain Omicron clades. Unique amino acid substitutions to Wuhan-Hu-1 of the Omicron variants detected in Indonesia occurred in some coding regions, mainly in ORF1AB and Spike. We encourage country-based analysis as a lesson for future pandemic events.
The potential of indigenous Bacillus sp. BT3.1 as an antifungal biopesticide against the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum FARAH AISYAH NAFIDIASTRI; NATASYA THESSA LOLITA; HANA SHAFIYAH RIQINA; BELLA ZEZARI AURORA; ALMANDO GERALDI; TRI NURHARIYATI; AGUS SUPRIYANTO; NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH; FATIMAH FATIMAH; SALAMUN SALAMUN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250638

Abstract

Abstract. Nafidiastri FA, Lolita NT, Riqina HS, Aurora BZ, Geraldi A, Nurhariyati T, Supriyanto A, Ni’matuzahroh, Fatimah, Salamun. 2024. The potential of indigenous Bacillus sp. BT3.1 as an antifungal biopesticide against the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Biodiversitas 25: 2679-2686. Biosurfactants are green surfactants that bacteria can produce, one of which is Bacillus. This genus can produce lipopeptide-type biosurfactants, namely surfactin, that can inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens. This research aims to determine the biosurfactant activity on molasses substrates and the antifungal activity of isolate BT3.1 against Fusarium oxysporum. The biosurfactant activity test method tested hemolytic activity using the spot method, surface tension analysis, and emulsification activity. In addition, an antifungal activity test was also carried out using the swab method. Characterization of isolate BT3.1 was carried out macroscopically and microscopically. The macroscopic characteristics of isolate BT3.1 show that bacteria from the genus Bacillus are moderate in size, white, irregular with serrate colony edges, shiny raised elevations, and a shiny surface texture. Microscopic characteristics of the isolate showed Gram-positive bacteria with oval-shaped endospores in the center. Based on the results of the biosurfactant activity test, isolate BT3.1 showed beta-type hemolysis activity, reduced surface tension by 23.3 mN/m on distilled water and 12 mN/m on NB media, and produced an emulsion activity value of around 52%. The results of the production of crude extract of BT3.1 isolate on 2, 4, and 6% molasses substrates showed optimal biosurfactant activity at a concentration of 4% with an incubation time of 48 hours. The antifungal activity of isolate BT3.1 showed that 80% inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, so the indigenous bacteria Bacillus sp. BT-3.1 has the potential to be developed as a raw material candidate for antifungal biopesticides against the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.
A phenology-based linear spectral unmixing method for rice varieties identification from Landsat 8 Satellite Image in Ngawi District, East Java, Indonesia IQBAL MAULANA CIPTA; LALU MUHAMAD JAELANI; HARTANTO SANJAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250439

Abstract

Abstract. Cipta IM, Jaelani LM, Sanjaya H. 2024. A phenology-based linear spectral unmixing method for rice varieties identification from Landsat 8 Satellite Image in Ngawi District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1691-1702. Ngawi District is a prominent rice-producing district in East Java, Indonesia. Based on the BPS data from 2021, Ngawi District yielded a total of 786.49 thousand tons of paddy. Multiple strategies to enhance rice production include enhancing rice productivity, increasing paddy fields, and using effective land management techniques. Utilizing a superior breed of seeds can augment productivity. Remote sensing can be utilized to obtain such data, one of which is the Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) technique. The LSU approach is used to determine the proportion of a pure object's presence in a pixel. The Inpari 32 rice variety is the predominant type identified from the analysis of the processing outcomes utilizing satellite imagery. In addition, validation was performed by utilizing many sample locations distributed around Ploso Lor and Rejuno Villages, resulting in consistent findings between the data analysis and the actual conditions observed in the field. The RMSE calculation was conducted on both sets of processing results, and the most optimal RMSE value was achieved when processing was performed using Landsat 8 image data, yielding an RMSE value of roughly ±1.2%. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using a confusion matrix, which yielded an overall accuracy rate of 86.67%.
Factors influencing appearance and suitable habitat for wild elephants in the Khao Yai National Park, Thailand YAMEERA NANLA; DOKRAK MAROD; PRATEEP DUENGKAE; PAANWARIS PAANSRI; JEDSADA NOOWONG; CHIRANAN MANITOEM; RONGLARP SUKMASUANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250728

Abstract

Abstract. Nanla Y, Marod D, Duengkae P, Paansri P, Noowong J, Manitoem C, Sukmasuang R. 2024. Factors influencing appearance and suitable habitat for wild elephants in the Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 3061-3072. Protected areas are designated to conserve biodiversity and provide a safe habitat for wildlife. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting elephant appearance and changes in habitat. The maxEnt program was used to analyze data derived from the patrolling system with constant quality monitoring. Four categories of environmental factors, climatic, physiological, biological, and anthropological factors were used to analyze the wild elephant data yearly from 2017 to 2022. The aim was to understand the effect of environmental factors on the wild elephants’ appearance and their habitat suitability. The results showed an average area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.81±0.004 SD. The results indicated that climatic (42.97%), physiological (32.62%), and anthropological (21.23%) factors affected the appearance of wild elephants significantly. Temperature factors showed the highest percentage contribution (39.04%), while water sources and salt licks, considered physiological factors, contributed 22.13% and 5.06%, respectively. Habitat suitability analysis revealed that the majority of the park area (64.91%) was categorized as unsuited and poorly suited habitat areas, while 35.07% was categorized as moderated and well-suited habitat areas for wild elephants. Implementing strategies to improve water sources and salt lick sites within the park and managing the area to minimize human disturbance both on the surrounding boundaries and the tourist destination sites are recommended to manage the wild elephant.
The association between CCR5, NLRC4, and AIM2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Iraqi population BILAL KHALEEL; HUDA R. S. AL-ALWANI; AHMED ASMAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250315

Abstract

Abstract. Khaleel B, Al-Alwani HRS, Asmar A. 2024. The association between CCR5, NLRC4, and AIM2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Iraqi population. Biodiversitas 25: 1022-1029. In immunological reactions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, chemokines and their receptors, including CXCR3, CCR5, and RANTES, play an important role in the migration and activation of cells. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that serves as a master regulator of inflammation. Genetic polymorphisms contribute to individual phenotypic differences, such as disease risk and drug response. The current study was done to find the polymorphism in the CCR5, NLRC4, and AIM2 genes in our population and to look into how this polymorphism is linked to getting tuberculosis. Seventy-five tuberculosis patients participated in this study, while the control group comprised twenty-five control healthy individuals. We took two milliliters of blood from the patients and the control group and placed them in an Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA tube), or DNA extraction. Real-time PCR was used to find changes in the genes for CCR5 (rs2227010, rs2734648, rs1799987, rs1799988, rs1800023, rs1800024), NLRC4 (C-rs479333), and AIM2 (CC-rs1103577). Some genotypes were more common in the patient group, including SNPs CCR5 (rs2227010, rs2734648, rs1799988, rs1800023, rs1800024), NLRC4 C-rs479333, and AIM2 CC-rs1103577. However, by using Two-Two cross table the genotype of SNP CCR5-rs1799987 was not significantly different between the patient and the controls. Patients also had a lot of certain alleles for the SNPs CCR5 (rs2227010, rs1799988, rs1800023, rs1800024) and NLRC4 (rs479333). However, the alleles for the SNPs CCR5 (rs2734648, rs1799987) and AIM2 CC (rs1103577) were not very different between patients and controls. This study concludes that a polymorphism in various SNPs of the CCR5, NLRC4, and AIM2 genes may be a risk factor for tuberculosis.
New occurrence of corn and rice strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bali and Lesser Sunda: Genetic diversity, distribution, and damage I KADEK WISMA YUDHA; I WAYAN SUPARTHA; I WAYAN SUSILA; PUTU SUDIARTA; I NYOMAN WIJAYA; PUTU ANGGA WIRADANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250505

Abstract

Abstract. Yudha IKW, Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sudiarta P, Wijaya IN, Wiradana PA. 2024. New occurrence of corn and rice strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bali and Lesser Sunda (Indonesia): Genetic diversity, distribution, and damage. Biodiversitas 25: 1890-1900. Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest with rapid proliferation and is responsible for reducing corn productivity in several regions in Indonesia, including Bali and Lesser Sunda in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the geographic distribution, genetic diversity, and specific genes of S. frugiperda as well as assess its attacks in Bali and Lesser Sunda (NTB and NTT) regions. The study procedures were carried out using field surveys, followed by molecular identification to determine the genetic diversity of S. frugiperda with the COI locus. A total of 150 infected corn plants were sampled using the diagonal sampling method, with a unit size of 5 m × 5 m. The distribution data obtained were then analyzed using the QGIS application and SPSS 22 for statistical analysis. The geographic distribution results showed that S. frugiperda was evenly distributed in the provinces of Bali and Lesser Sunda, with the observation of 2 strains, namely corn and rice. Corn strain was more specifically found in the Karangasem, Flores, Lombok Highlands, and Timor areas, while rice strain occured in the Jembrana, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Lombok lowland areas. In addition, a total of 12 specific nucleotide bases from S. frugiperda gene were found in Bali, NTB, and NTT regions. The findings also showed that the haplotype network of Bali, NTB, and NTT populations was effectively isolated from other locations and was in the process of genetic divergence. The 3-year invasion of S. frugiperda in Indonesian territory was reported to have experienced a process of genetic population development. Lombok Island had the highest average plant damage at 54.63%, which was not significantly different from the value of Sumbawa, Bali, and Sumba at 47.79%, 42.65%, and 40.72%, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest plant damage level in Timor at 20.95%, followed by Flores (at 30.38%).

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