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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Utilization of sago plants (Metroxylon spp.) as a bioindicator of water springs SAMIN BOTANRI; MUHAMMAD RIADH ULUPUTTY; MARWANYANI KAMSURYA; MAIMUNA LA HABI; JUNI LA DJUMAT; FITRIYANTI KALIKY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250438

Abstract

Abstract. Botanri S, Uluputty MR, Kamsurya M, Kamaruddin, Latuponu H, Habi ML, Djumat JL, Kaliky F. 2024. Utilization of sago plants (Metroxylon spp.) as a bioindicator of water springs. Biodiversitas 25: 1682-1690. Sago plants (Metroxylon spp) in Maluku, Indonesia are often used as an indication of a water spring. If an area grows sago, there is most certainly a spring exists. However, this anecdotal evidence has never been empirically tested. The research aims to investigate the use of sago plants as bioindicators of water springs and to analyze the relationship between water spring discharge and sago plant characteristics and environmental factors. The research was carried out on the island of Ambon, Maluku, for 12 months from January to December 2023. This research used a survey method by conducting a census of all water springs in most areas of Ambon Island. Observations of root characteristics, sago population density, and microclimate were conducted in 3 sample areas using the purposive sampling method. Observation data were analyzed using Principal Component Regression Analysis (PCRA). The research results show that sago plants can be used as bioindicators to indicate the existence of water springs. Spring water discharge was influenced by the characteristics of sago roots, including root diameter, fresh root weight, root water content, and sago population density. Collectively, the influence of root characteristics and sago stand density reached 73.4% (R-square 0.734) with a correlation between the independent variables (X1-X4) and variable Y (spring discharge) R = 0.857. Spring discharge was also influenced by microclimate characteristics, including temperature, air humidity, intensity of solar radiation, and rainfall. The contribution of the influence of microclimate characteristics to spring discharge reached 88.2% (R-square 0.882). The correlation is very strong, with a value of R = 0.939. The findings of our study imply that sago can be used as a water spring conservation plant.
Prediction of potential climate change impacts on the geographic distribution shift of Casuarina junghuhniana and C. equisetifolia in Southeast Asia HASNA KHAIRUNNISA; MINI AMBARWATI KUSUMA DEWI; MUHAMMAD AMJAD HAMY FAQIIH; MUHAMMAD REYNALDY PUTRAYUDA; GILANG DWI NUGROHO; MUHAMMAD INDRAWAN; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SUNARTO SUNARTO; JATNA SUPRIATNA; ILYAS NURSAMSI; GUNAWAN GUNAWAN; PRAKASH PRADHAN; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241161

Abstract

Abstract. Khairunnisa H, Dewi MAK, Faqiih MAH, Putrayuda MR, Nugroho GD, Indrawan M, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Supriatna J, Nursamsi I, Pradhan P, Setyawan AD. 2024. Prediction of potential climate change impacts on the geographic distribution shift of Casuarina junghuhniana and C. equisetifolia in Southeast Asia. Biodiversitas 23: 6360-6371. Global warming, driven by various anthropogenic activities, leads to an increase in earth’s surface temperatures, exerting a profound influence on global climate patterns. This phenomenon significantly impacts the growth patterns of various plant species, including Casuarina equisetifolia L., commonly known as sea cypress, and Casuarina junghuhniana Miq., referred to as mountain cypress. The primary objective of this study is to assess the potential repercussions of climate change on the distribution of these two species within Southeast Asia. To achieve this goal, the study utilized the MaxEnt modeling approach, incorporating key factors such as bioclimatic conditions, soil characteristics (edaphic factors), and UV radiation levels. Present study considered three distinct time intervals (2030, 2050, and 2080) while exploring four diverse climate change scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5). The findings of this investigation reveal that both C. equisetifolia and C. junghuhniana are susceptible to alterations in the extent of suitable habitat distribution, which result in shifts in their geographic ranges due to evolving climatic conditions. Initially, the habitat distribution encompassed an area of only 652,819 km2, accounting for 15.65% of the suitable habitat for C. equisetifolia, and 30,132 km2, representing 0.7% of the suitable habitat for C. junghuhniana. However, by the year 2080, the habitat range for C. equisetifolia is projected to expand significantly to cover 755,082 km2 (18%) under the RCP 4.5 scenario. In contrast, C. junghuhniana is expected to experience a notable reduction, with its suitable habitat shrinking to 25,332 km2 (0.6%) under the influence of RCP 8.5. Notably, these shifts are characterized by a southeastward migration of C. equisetifolia towards Indonesian Borneo from Malaysian-Indonesian border and an eastward shift of C. junghuhniana towards the east of Sulawesi from the Gulf of Bone. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of species distributions in response to changing climatic conditions, emphasizing the need for proactive conservation efforts and adaptive management strategies to mitigate potential ecological impacts.
Micromorphology, physicochemical parameters, and phytochemical screening of Chloranthus flavus D.T. Liu & G. Chen (syn. C. nervosus Collett & Hemsl.) from Vietnam TRAN VAN CHEN; DUONG NGUYEN XUAN LAM; HOANG DAC KHAI; DUONG PHAN NGUYEN DUC; NGUYEN THI NGA; NGUYEN THI THU HIEN; TRAN THI THUY QUYNH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250245

Abstract

Abstract. Chen TV, Lam DNX, Khai HD, Duc DPN, Nga NT, Hien NTT, Quynh TTT. 2024. Micromorphology, physicochemical parameters, and phytochemical screening of Chloranthus flavus D.T. Liu & G. Chen (syn. C. nervosus Collett & Hemsl.) from Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 846-858. Chloranthus flavus D.T. Liu & G. Chen (syn. C. nervosus Collett & Hemsl.) is a subshrub belonging to the family Chloranthaceae. Information on the anatomical structure and the powder features of C. flavus has not been noted. This study aimed to develop a monograph on the microscopic characteristics and physicochemical parameters of C. flavus, as well as a preliminary assessment of the phytochemical composition of this species. Anatomical characterizations of roots, stems, and leaves were performed using the iodine green-carmine staining method and then an optical microscope was used to observe the histology of these parts, similar to observing powder characteristics. Secondary metabolites were detected by chromogenic or precipitation reagents. Anatomically, the structural characteristics of the roots, stems, and leaves are similar to those of the Chloranthus species. Particularly, the root structure is characterized by six alternating xylem bundles, with six phloem bundles forming a ring. Polygonal to irregularly shaped cells of the upper epidermis and irregularly shaped ordinary cells, laterocytic and anomocytic stomata types, stomatal clusters, and the stomatal index (15.75±1.52%) of the lower epidermis were observed in leaves. Both powders found fragments of epidermal and parenchymatous cells, spiral xylem vessels, and scalariform xylem vessels. However, the root powder only observed solid-shaped sclereid cells, starch granules, starch clusters, and calcium oxalate crystals. The powders' moisture content, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash values all meet acceptable standards according to regulations on raw material purity. The whole C. flavus plant contains carotenoids, fatty acids, essential oils, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. The current findings highlight the key characteristics for identifying C. flavus.
Identification and pathogenicity of Ceratocystis manginecans causing wilt disease on Acacia mangium in Sabah, Malaysia NADZIRAH MOHD YUNUS; MANDY MAID; WILSON THAU LYM YONG; FIONA EVELYN ANTHONY; MAHMUD SUDIN; PAUL W. J. TAYLOR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250535

Abstract

Abstract. Yunus NM, Maid M, Yong WTL, Anthony FE, Sudin M, Taylor PWJ. 2024. Identification and pathogenicity of Ceratocystis manginecans causing wilt disease on Acacia mangium in Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 2170-2182. An alarming incidence of wilt disease has been reported in an Acacia mangium plantation in Ulu Kukut, Kota Belud District, Sabah, Malaysia. Infected trees exhibited symptoms such as severe wilting, sapwood discoloration or black lesion, and a fruity-sweet odor emanating from the fermentation exudate at the wound lesion. This is the first investigation of the causal wilt pathogen in a commercial A. mangium plantation in Ulu Kukut, located in the western region of Sabah. This study aimed to identify the causal fungal pathogen from infected A. mangium trees using morphological characterization and DNA sequence comparisons for the regions of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin 1 (bt1), transcription elongation factor-1 alpha (tef1), guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein (ms204), and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (rpb2). The fungal isolates shared morphological characteristics with the wilt pathogen Ceratocystis sp., including a globose base with a long neck-ended tip with ostiolar hyphae. Sequence-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identity of Ceratocystis manginecans, distinguishing them from all other Ceratocystis species. Bioassays inoculating phyllodes and twigs of 1-year-old A. mangium trees confirmed that C. manginecans was the cause of wilt disease. Confirming the identity of the causal agent of the increasingly destructive and severe wilt disease aids in developing effective disease management strategies for Acacia-based plantations.
Species diversity of Asteraceae in Gayo Highlands, Bener Meriah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia VIVERA RUSELLI PUSPA; ZUMAIDAR ZUMAIDAR; NURDIN NURDIN; FITMAWATI FITMAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250639

Abstract

Abstract. Puspa VR, Zumaidar, Nurdin, Fitmawati. 2024. Species diversity of Asteraceae in Gayo Highlands, Bener Meriah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2828-2837. Asteraceae flourishes in the Gayo Highlands of the Bener Meriah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia despite being frequently overlooked due to its classification as a wild plant. There has been no comprehensive documentation of the non-cultivated Asteraceae species indigenous to this location. Thus, this study endeavored to elucidate the diversity of the Asteraceae species in the Gayo Highlands. Data on Asteraceae diversity were amassed using the quadrat method across eight sub-districts, encompassing abandoned land and roadside areas. The composition of species was scrutinized through the Important Value Index (IVI) and the diversity index was quantified utilizing the Shannon-Wiener index. The results revealed 13 species of Asteraceae comprising a total of 9,780 individual specimens, including Ageratum conyzoides L., Bidens pilosa L., Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass., Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Erigeron sumatrensis Retz., Sonchus oleraceus L., Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., Gerbera jamesonii Adlam., Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski., Emilia sonchifolia (L.), Tridax procumbens L., and Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Ageratum conyzoides registered the highest IVI at 143.91, whilst S. oleraceus had the lowest at 3.53. According to the Shannon-Wiener index, the diversity of the Asteraceae in the Gayo Highlands is denoted as low (?=1.69). This exploration provides contemporary insights into the Asteraceae diversity within the Gayo Highlands, serving as a valuable reference for both researchers and interested stakeholders.
Coral disease prevalence and compromised health in the Sempu Island Nature Reserve, Malang District, Indonesia ANDIK ISDIANTO; ANGGER RIO FEWILA; SEFTIAWAN SAMSU RIJAL; ARIEF SETYANTO; AULIA LANUDIA FATHAH; DINI ATIKAWATI; BERLANIA MAHARDIKA PUTRI; INTAN DWI PUSPITASARI; OKTIYAS MUZAKY LUTHFI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250408

Abstract

Abstract. Isdianto A, Fewila AR, Rijal SS, Setyanto A, Fathah AL, Atikawati D, Putri BM, Puspitasari ID, Luthfi OM. 2024. Coral disease prevalence and compromised health in the Sempu Island Nature Reserve, Malang District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1404-1412. Since the Dutch colonialization era, the Malang District's Sempu Strait has been designated a natural reserve. Environmental changes and human activities have contributed to the 14.28% coral cover in the Sempu Strait. This study aims to assess coral health in the Sempu Strait and detect coral diseases or compromised conditions. At five stations, data were gathered utilizing the Underwater Photo Transect method with a 10-meter interval and a 1x1 meter transect implemented across 100 meters. The average coral cover in Sempu Strait is 14.28%, considered inadequate according to categories for determining coral reef status. Fish Bite, Black Band Disease (BBD), Ulcerative White Spots (UWS), Non-Focal Bleaching (NFBL), Trematodiasis, and Pigmentation Response are the six categories of coral reef diseases that have been identified. Sediment damage is the only compromised health condition that has been identified. With an average prevalence of 15.35%, Non-Focal Bleaching (NFBL) is the most prevalent disease; Black Band Disease (BBD) has the lowest prevalence at 0.8%. The insufficient coral coverage in the Strait of Sempu is caused by the surrounding environmental conditions that stress corals to the point where the prevalence of coral-eating diseases is increased.
[RETRACTED] Conservation status of sharks and rays caught in Indonesian Fisheries Management Area 712 TRI DJOKO LELONO; GATUT BINTORO; ARIEF SETYANTO; DADUK SETYAHADI; DARMAWAN OKTO SUTJIPTO; WIRASTIKA ADHIHAPSARI; DIAN ALIVIYANTI; ANDIK ISDIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250631

Abstract

Abstract. Lelono TD, Bintoro G, Setyanto A, Setyahadi D, Sutjipto DO, Adhihapsari W, Aliviyanti D, Isdianto A. 2024. Conservation status of sharks and rays caught in Indonesian Fisheries Management Area 712. Biodiversitas 25: 2603-2614. Elasmobranchs, including sharks and rays, are some of the most vulnerable marine fish and are particularly at risk from fishing pressure. Sharks and rays landing data that listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) appendices and/or assessed as in The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List threatened categories were collected from July to October 2023 at two sites in Indonesian Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 712, East Java, Indonesia, namely Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Brondong at Lamongan District and Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Muncar at Banyuwangi. Stingray species designated as Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), or Vulnerable (VU) were recorded at both landing sites. More IUCN Red List threatened ray species were recorded at Brondong than at Muncar. Based on Brondong's international trade status, ray species landed at Brondong are at higher risk of extinction than those landed at PPP Muncar. Six shark species are currently listed in CITES Appendix II: A pelagicus, A. superciliosus, S. lewini, S. zygaena, C. falciformis, and I. oxyrinchus. At PPP Muncar, two of these species were traded. Sharks landing at Muncar included species in IUCN Red List categories, while those landing at Brondong were in four categories. Two CITES categories regulate the capture of sharks landed at PPP Muncar and PPN Brondong. At both sites, numerous species with conservation statuses of CR, EN, VU, and NT are still caught. In conclusion, exploitation and insufficient control threaten the shark and ray populations in PPP Muncar and PPN Brondong. To save these species, conservation efforts should prioritize trade monitoring, habitat protection, and stricter laws.
Diversity and ecological drivers of fish in Singkil Swamp Wildlife Reserve, Aceh, Indonesia NUR ROHIM; SULISTIONO SULISTIONO; FREDINAN YULIANDA; AHMAD MUHTADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250706

Abstract

Abstract. Rohim N, Sulistiono, Yulianda F, Muhtadi A. 2024. Diversity and ecological drivers of fish in Singkil Swamp Wildlife Reserve, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2849-2856. Singkil Swamp Wildlife Reserve (SSWR) is a conservation area in Aceh Singkil District, Aceh, Indonesia, that has an important role in maintaining the sustainability of fisheries resources on the Singkil coast. This study analyzes fish biodiversity and ecological factors influencing fish distribution in SSWR waters. The data were collected at five stations (Station I and II in the watershed area while Station III, IV, and V in peat swamp area) every month from April to October 2021 (7 months), consisting of fish biodiversity and aquatic ecological characteristics. The data obtained were analyzed using an index of diversity, evenness, dominance, frequency of presence, and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Fish biodiversity in the SSWR utilization area consists of 26 species, including 14 families and 19 genera. Station I (in the Alas-Singkil River) has a higher diversity value and is dominated by the white fish group compared to Stations II, III, IV, and V (in the Lae-Treup River), which the black fish group dominates. Based on ecological characteristics, the distribution of fish species in SSWR is divided into four groups. The first and second groups of fish were positively correlated with high pH and DO, while the third and fourth groups tended to have negative correlation values.
Immunogenicity and reactivity of recombinant Zika virus NS1 inclusion bodies from an Indonesian isolate UTAMI MULYANINGRUM; YANRI WIJAYANTI SUBRONTO; DWI ARIS AGUNG NUGRAHANINGSIH; NASTITI WIJAYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250520

Abstract

Abstract. Mulyaningrum U, Subronto YW, Nugrahaningsih DAA, Wijayanti N. 2024. Immunogenicity and reactivity of recombinant Zika virus NS1 inclusion bodies from an Indonesian isolate. Biodiversitas 25: 2028-2034. Zika virus (ZIKV) still poses a significant global health hazard, with the potential for its dissemination to additional nations and the re-emergence of epidemics in previously impacted regions. Proper laboratory testing during surveillance can prevent future outbreaks. Non-Structural 1 (NS1) protein has been identified as a promising biomarker for detecting ZIKV infection. Therefore, this study produces and assesses the immunogenicity of the full-length recombinant ZIKV NS1 protein (rNS1FL) from an Indonesian isolate. It also studies its reactivity against other flavivirus members, especially the Dengue Virus (DENV). The cDNA fragment comprising the ZIKV NS1 sequence was synthesized and cloned into the pET28a plasmid. Subsequently, the recombinant plasmid was introduced into BL21(DE3)-competent Escherichia coli cells, and the protein was purified through affinity chromatography. Female BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) were intraperitoneally immunized with purified rNS1FL. An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) evaluates the immunogenicity of rNS1FL and its cross-reactivity with the DENV NS1 monoclonal antibody. rNS1FL protein was expressed as insoluble fractions (inclusion bodies) at the expected size of approximately 48 kDa. The ELISA showed that immunization of BALB/c mice with purified rNS1FL from inclusion bodies led to a substantial triggering of NS1-specific antibodies. Furthermore, the test also revealed limited recognition of rNS1FL by the DENV NS1 monoclonal antibody. The findings indicated that rNS1FL inclusion bodies have immunogenic solid properties and did not display any cross-reactivity with the DENV NS1 monoclonal antibody. These observations showed the potential of rNS1FL as a serological diagnostic material for detecting ZIKV infection.
Short Communication: Potential threats to seagrass in the waters of Tanah Bumbu District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia DAFIUDDIN SALIM; ROHANI AMBO-RAPPE; SUPRIADI MASHORENG; NADIARTI NURDIN KADIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250504

Abstract

Abstract. Salim D, Ambo-Rappe R, Mashoreng S, Kadir NN. 2024. Short Communication: Potential threats to seagrass in the waters of Tanah Bumbu District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1882-1889. Seagrass meadows are one of the most productive coastal communities, but they are easily degraded or lost due to declines in water quality. This study was conducted to analyze the potential threats to seagrass in the waters of Tanah Bumbu District, South Kalimantan, caused by increased turbidity from sedimentation and resuspension, the occurrence of invasive species, macroalgal and epiphytic cover on seagrasses. Field surveys on three coral cays (i.e. (Anugrah, Penyulingan and Katoang) and a literature study were conducted to collect data on sedimentation rate, total suspended solids (TSS), climate and precipitation, invasive species, and percentages of seagrass, macroalgae and epiphyte cover. Results showed a sedimentation rate of 46.66 mg/cm2/day and TSS range of 0.83-774.8 mg/l. These parameters were likely influenced by changes in land cover, sediment loads from surrounding rivers, climate, and port activity, especially at coal and palm oil terminals. An invasive species, i.e. zebra mussel (Dreissena spp.), was found on seagrass, and this is the first report of such an occurrence on seagrasses. The overall average percentage of seagrass, epiphyte and macroalgae cover on Anugrah, Penyulingan and Katoang coral cays were 33±26.78%; 37.68±29.31%; and 2.43±1.77%, respectively. The results of this study imply that seagrass ecosystems in Tanah Bumbu are threatened by increased turbidity, minimum light penetration, fluctuations in salinity, and the occurrences of competitors (invasive species and macroalgae).

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