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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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The capacity of trees to remove particulate matter and lead and its impact on tree health RATNA YUNIATI; WINDRI HANDAYANI; LAELIA NUGRAHANI; ITA KHOERUNNISA; HALIMAH HALIMAH; AFIATRY PUTRIKA; NIARSI MERRY HEMELDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250826

Abstract

Abstract. Yuniati R, Handayani W, Nugrahani L, Khoerunnisa I, Halimah, Putrika A, Hemelda NM. 2024. The capacity of trees to remove particulate matter and lead and its impact on tree health. Biodiversitas 25: 2541-2551. In urban areas, common air pollutants include particulate matter (PM) and lead (Pb) particles. Plants offer a solution to mitigate both PM and Pb particles. However, PM and Pb deposition in plant leaf organs can have an impact on tree health, which can be evaluated from plant physiological aspects. A study was conducted to compare the capacity of several plant species to absorb PM and lead particles and to determine the impact of these pollutants on the physiological aspects of plants in two locations. The selected plant species were Cerbera odollam, Polyalthia longifolia, Swietenia macrophylla, and Terminalia mantaly. The four species were chosen based on their occurrence in two distinct locations: the Universitas Indonesia (UI) campus, which represents a low-pollution area, and the Bantargebang waste landfill, which represents a highly polluted area. The method employed involves using the Gravimetric Method and observing leaf morphology to evaluate the ability to capture PM, analyzing heavy metal accumulation to assess Pb particle adsorption, and examining leaf anatomy and physiology to determine tree health. Physiological aspects were observed, including chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, relative water content (RWC), and pH of leaf extract. The results showed that the highest PM deposit on plants leaf was observed in P. longifolia, followed by S. macrophylla, C. odollam, and T. mantaly. Pb analysis revealed the order of plants that accumulate Pb, from highest to lowest, is S. macrophylla>P. longifolia>C. odollam. The PM deposits significantly affected RWC (r=-0.522, p<0.01) and it affected the content of chlorophyll (r=-0.28) and carotenoids (r=-0.017). Of all the plants studied, S. macrophylla was the most impacted, with two physiological aspects affected: pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and RWC. The selection of the four tree species as pollutant absorbers in Bantargebang landfill and UI Campus is appropriate, as tree health indicators, based on the analysis of leaf anatomy and physiological characteristics, detect minimal impact from environmental stress. Polyalthia longifolia (mast tree) would be the best performer among all the tree species.
Coral reef condition Kepala Jeri Island, Batam, Riau Islands, Indonesia AUNURRAHMAN AUNURRAHMAN; SUTRISNO ANGGORO; SURADI WIJAYA SAPUTRA; MAX RUDOLF MUSKANANFOLA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250703

Abstract

Abstract. Aunurrahman, Anggoro S, Saputra SW, Muskananfola MR. 2024. Coral reef condition Kepala Jeri Island, Batam, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2820-2827. Understanding the actual condition of vulnerable coral reef ecosystems such as Kepala Jeri Island (Indonesia) is critical to enabling appropriate management planning. This research aimed to identify current coverage, observe the condition of the coral ecosystem, and identify the species composition of coral reefs in Kepala Jeri Waters. Data collection includes the spatial distribution, actual condition, and species composition of the coral ecosystem on Kepala Jeri Island, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Using an algorithm-based classification, we analyzed the spatial distribution of coral reefs from Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The study used Landsat OLI 8 images from the US Geological Survey (USGS) and observed the data using a line intercept transect. We obtained the actual coral conditions and species composition through field observation. The results revealed a total distribution of 239.67 ha of coral reef ecosystem in the surrounding area of Kepala Jeri Island. Unfortunately, the coral reef on Kepala Jeri Island was in poor condition, with an approximate living coral coverage of only 5-29.33%. Compared to other locations, we found the sand cover to be the highest, ranging from 28.33 to 51.67%. We also found that the seagrass bed had invaded the coral ecosystem, suggesting a reduced or absent population of halos grazers. Only the western and northern sides of Kepala Jeri Island exhibit adequate coral diversity despite discovering 26 coral species. Even though 26 coral species were found on Kepala Jeri Island, only the western and northern sides have adequate coral diversity. The findings suggest that the coral reef ecosystem on Kepala Jeri Island is under severe degradation, while the risk of further degradation remains. Therefore, human intervention is absolutely important to improve the coral reef ecosystem on Kepala Jeri Island, ensuring its sustainability.
Ethnobiology of plants and animals used as ubarampe in the Kepungan tradition of the Javanese Community of Somongari, Purworejo District, Indonesia FAJAR ADINUGRAHA; SITI ZUBAIDAH; SRI RAHAYU LESTARI; KAH HENG CHUA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250824

Abstract

Abstract. Adinugraha F, Zubaidah S, Lestari SR, Chua KH. 2024. Ethnobiology of plants and animals used as ubarampe in the Kepungan tradition of the Javanese Community of Somongari, Purworejo District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2521-2532. The Somongari Javanese community of Purworejo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia utilizes plants and animals as traditional ritual equipment, called ubarampe, which are offerings in the Kepungan tradition. The concept of ubarampe, comprising plants and animals, holds a distinct purpose and philosophical significance for the Somongari Javanese community. Unfortunately, knowledge about ubarampe in the Kepungan tradition has only been transmitted through oral and demonstration, and not yet been recorded in written and visual documentation, resulting in the younger generation being unaware of the use of plants and animals for ubarampe and their associated philosophical meanings. This study examines the ubarampe in the Kepungan tradition, including the types and their philosophical meanings as well as the plants and animals utilized. This study documented 19 types of ubarampe used by Somongari Javanese community in the Kepungan tradition, each of which utilizes plants and animals. Some plants and animals require cooking first, while others are directly used as ubarampe without cooking. The plant specimens utilized in ubarampe include eudicots (10 species), monocots (11 species), and magnoliids (1 species). The botanical components include leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, bulbs, tubers, and rhizomes. Only one animal species from the Aves class was utilized for ubarampe. The utilization of species in ubarampe is the result of philosophical considerations of the ancestors of the Somongari Javanese community regarding the relationship between humans, nature, God, and ancestors. Consequently, the findings of this research are anticipated to facilitate an enhanced comprehension of plant and animal biodiversity as a valuable cultural legacy for present and future generations.
Community structure and biomass of reef fish concerning coral cover in Sempu Strait, East Java, Indonesia ANDIK ISDIANTO; MUHAMMAD FIKRI ARIEFANDI; MUHAMMAD ARIF ASADI; ADE YAMINDAGO; FAHREZA OKTA SETYAWAN; GATUT BINTORO; ARIEF SETYANTO; TRI DJOKO LELONO; AGUS TUMULYADI; WIRASTIKA ADHIHAPSARI; DESY SETYONINGRUM; AULIA LANUDIA FATHAH; BERLANIA MAHARDIKA PUTRI; SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI; OKTIYAS MUZAKY LUTHFI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250808

Abstract

Abstract. Isdianto A, Ariefandi MF, Asadi MA, Yamindago A, Setyawan FO, Bintoro G, Setyanto A, Lelono TD, Tumulyadi A, Adhihapsari W, Setyoningrum D, Fathah AL, Putri BM, Supriyadi, Luthfi OM. 2024. Community structure and biomass of reef fish concerning coral cover in Sempu Strait, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3376-3385. Reef fishes were used as bioindicators of biodiversity in coral reef ecosystems. However, coral cover and reef fish abundance around Sempu Strait tended to decrease. The study aims to obtain reef fish's community structure and biomass and their correlation to coral cover. We observed significant variability in reef fish populations through bi-monthly monitoring using an underwater visual census and underwater photo transect conducted from December 2022 to April 2023. Based on these observations, the average range of coral fish abundance was 0.453 to 0.577 individuals per square meter, with the highest value at Rumah Apung station (0.577 ind/m2). The community structure included 81 reef fish species, categorized into major (50 species), indicator (10 species), and target (21 species) groups, demonstrating a community with moderate diversity, stable evenness, and low dominance across the observed stations. Further, the research quantified fish biomass, recording an average of 0.0207 kg/m2 or 207.571 kg/Ha, categorized as low, with the highest biomass measurements at Rumah Apung station (0.0054 kg/m2). Strong correlations were identified between coral cover and both fish abundance (correlation coefficient = 0.741) and biomass (correlation coefficient = 0.666). These results emphasize the profound impact of coral health on the conditions and sustainability of reef fish populations. These findings underscore the critical dependency of reef fish on coral ecosystems and provide essential data for conservation efforts to maintain and restore these vital marine habitats.
Small scale genetic structure of striped snakehead, Channa striata in the river and swampy areas of the south region of Central Java, Indonesia NUNING SETYANINGRUM; W. LESTARI; AGUS NURYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250916

Abstract

Abstract. Setyaningrum N, Lestari W, Nuryanto A. 2024. Small scale genetic structure of striped snakehead, Channa striata in the river and swampy areas of the south region of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2959-2966. This study focuses on the exploration and characterization of Channa striata population in swampy areas located in south-central Java, Indonesia, specifically in the regencies of Purworejo, Kebumen, Banyumas, and Cilacap. These regions are known for their diverse and unique ecosystems, making them ideal sites for ecological research. Fragmented populations of Channa striata are observed in the aquatic ecosystems of south-central Java, Indonesia. However, research on C. striata in swampy areas of south-central Java has not been conducted yet. Evaluating the genetic structure of the striped snakehead is a crucial endeavor that can be accomplished through the analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. Therefore, this research aims to estimate the genetic diversity and differentiation among C. striata populations. This study analyzed 74 specimen of C. striata collected from Keburuan, Karangbolong, Jatijajar, Sumpiuh, and Kedungreja in south-central Java. The used marker has moderate haplotype diversity (0.541±0.065) but low nucleotide diversity (0.0025±0.0017). Haplotype diversity within the population ranges from low (0.151±0.093) to high (0.833±0.222), while all populations showed low nucleotide diversity (0.0006±0.0008 to 0.0037±0.0030). Through the analysis of genetic markers, striped snakehead (C. striata) populations can be categorized into three distinct groups. The findings revealed that population fragmentation has resulted in reduced genetic diversity and localized population structuring in the river and swampy areas of south-central Java. These results highlight the importance of separate management strategies for each population to ensure their conservation and sustainable management.
Screening of indigenous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-inhibiting actinomycetes from Sicanang Mangrove and Cermin Beach in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia YURNALIZA YURNALIZA; ERMAN MUNIR; RIRIS ITA OLIVIA GULTOM; ANDINI JUNIASTI NASUTION
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250811

Abstract

Abstract. Yurnaliza Y, Munir E, Gultom RO, Nasution AJ. 2024. Screening of indigenous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-inhibiting actinomycetes from Sicanang Mangrove and Cermin Beach in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Biodiveritas 25: 3401-3410. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the major issue of antimicrobial resistance in medical practice. Unexplored locations like the Sicanang mangrove and Cermin beach in North Sumatra, Indonesia are expected to find indigenous actinomycetes as MRSA-inhibiting antibiotics producers. This study aims to explore the potential of actinomycetes in North Sumatra, especially in the Sicanang Mangrove forest and Cermin Beach, in inhibiting the growth of MRSA. Actinomycetes were isolated and characterized using starch casein agar and humic acid vitamin agar. Actinomycetes that inhibit MRSA and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) bacteria were qualitatively screened using an antagonist test. Subsequently, the inhibitory activities of methanol (MeOH) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) actinomycetes extracts against MRSA and S. aureus were quantitatively monitored. The potential actinomycetes with the highest inhibitory ability were identified based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence. The research revealed 30 isolates capable of inhibiting MRSA and S. aureus. Among them, 10 actinomycetes isolates inhibited MRSA and S. aureus, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 15 to 28 mm. Moreover, MeOH and EtOAc actinomycetes extracts produced a similar inhibition zone (7-20.8 mm against MRSA and S. aureus). Although a concentrated extract produced a large inhibition zone, the zone was smaller than that produced by chloramphenicol. Molecular identification showed that the potential actinomycetes, particularly SMC 9, were closely related to Streptomyces rochei, with a similarity of 96.02%, while SPC 9 had a high similarity (99%) with Streptomyces antibioticus. Based on research findings, two species of Streptomyces obtained from the Sicanang mangrove and Cermin Beach could be developed as producers of MRSA-inhibiting antibiotics.
Human-macaque conflicts at a human settlement in Riau Province, Indonesia ARYA ARISMAYA METANANDA; SUTOPO SUTOPO; GUNAWAN GUNAWAN; NURJAMAN NURJAMAN; RAHMAD DANI; YAHYA RUHYAT; SUTOPO SUTOPO; AHMAD AHMAD; ANDI APRIANTO; JHONSON NAIBAHO; WHISNU FEBRY AFRIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250915

Abstract

Abstract. Metananda AA, Sutopo, Gunawan, Nurjaman, Dani R, Ruhyat Y, Sutopo, Ahmad, Aprianto A, Naibaho J, Afrianto WF. 2024. Human-macaque conflicts at a human settlement in Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2950-2958. Various human activities have caused the loss and degradation of the natural habitat of macaques, resulting in their share habitat with high levels of human activities. The proximity of macaque habitats to human activities may increase potential human-macaque conflicts. This research aims to observe the conflict between humans and macaques, especially Macaca fascicularis (Raffles 1821), by identifying macaque population parameters, including the number of groups, group distribution, home range, sex ratios, and age structure in the Pertamina Official Housing (POH) complex, Dumai District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Population data were acquired through a census inventory using concentration count and exploration methods. The results showed the population of 461 macaque individuals belonging to 19 groups which were spread over 17 points in the study area. Based on the sex ratio, juveniles were the most predominant group with 104 individuals. The distribution of individuals indicated that there were several groups with varying numbers and structures at one observation point. Factors that caused macaque disturbance include food availability, habitat space availability, community habits and behavior, and safety. Macaque disturbance included attacks on children, damage to lighting, roofs, fruit trees, vegetable plants, and the presence of M. fascicularis groups in large numbers in the area traversed by residents. We recommend improving the management of M. fascicularis habitat, conducting population control, and educating the community about behaviors that can trigger disturbances. In addition, mitigation measures and regular monitoring must be carried out to find effective long-term solutions.
Comparative study of chloroplast genomes across seven Salacca species ARSLAN ARSHAD; REDI ADITAMA; MEGAYANI SRI RAHAYU; AZIS NATAWIJAYA; DEDEN DERADJAT MATRA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251104

Abstract

Abstract. Arshad A, Aditama R, Rahayu MS, Natawijaya A, Matra DD, Sudarsono S. 2024. Comparative study of chloroplast genomes across seven Salacca species. Biodiversitas 25: 4043-4058. Chloroplast (Cp) genomes play a vital role in comprehending plant evolution, biodiversity, and phylogenetics. Snake fruit is a tropical fruit in the Indo-Malayan region. This work compares seven Salacca species Cp genomes to clarify their genetics and evolutionary connections. Cp genomes were constructed using sequencing data from the BGISeq-500 platform and the GetOrganelle assemblers. The assembled Cp genomes have a standard four-part structure and vary in length from 157,047 to 158,182 kilobase pairs (kbp). Comparative genomics analysis found the ycf1 gene to have the highest number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), revealing missing amino acids in Salacca affinis. The Cp genomes showed a high prevalence of mononucleotide SSR motifs. With a few exceptions, especially Salacca wallichiana, most Cp genomes showed stable borders between the large single copy (LSC), inverted repeat (IR), and short single copy (SSC) sections. This research underscores the importance of Cp genome information for identifying species, a crucial tool for evolutionary studies and breeding purposes. Furthermore, it emphasizes the intimate genetic connection between Salacca and Cocos nucifera, which contrasts with Phoenix dactylifera. This thorough research provides vital insights into the genetics of Salacca species and highlights the usefulness of Cp genome data in subsequent analyses.
Assessing farmer’s perceptions of Sunda leopard cats (Prionailurus javanensis) in rice fields area of West Sumatra, Indonesia AHMAD FAKHRI; RIZALDI RIZALDI; AADREAN AADREAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251139

Abstract

Abstract. Fakhri A, Rizaldi, Aadrean. 2024. Assessing farmer’s perceptions of Sunda leopard cats (Prionailurus javanensis) in rice fields area of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4397-4405. Land use change in agricultural areas has caused wildlife to adapt to living in these areas, such as rice fields. Sunda leopard cats (Prionailurus javanensis) in rice fields have rice field rats as their main prey, which are pests. This cat is useful as a biocontrol of rat pests, but human activities threaten its presence. This study aims to determine farmers' perceptions of the importance of Sunda leopard cat’s presence, its conservation and protection, and farmer participation in its conservation in rice fields of Nagari Batu Taba, Agam Regency, West Sumatra. In June 2023, we employed purposive sampling and conducted semi-structured interviews involving 27 farmers. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that farmers' perceptions were in the 'Good' category for the importance of the cat's presence (76.74%), for conservation and protection (78.08%), and for farmer participation in conservation efforts (93%) in rice fields of Nagari Batu Taba. Farmers recognize the important role of these cats in the rice field ecosystem as a biological pest control of rice field rats. However, human activities in human-dominated landscapes pose a threat to the survival of these cats. Coexisting in the same area has motivated farmers to undertake conservation efforts to protect cat presence in the rice fields. Therefore, effective conservation efforts involving farmers, researchers, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations are essential. However, the need for further research to develop conservation strategies and evaluate the conservation status of Sunda leopard cat is urgent and cannot be overstated.
Abundance of arthropod pests and their natural enemies on cassava fields implementing different agroecosystem management RETNO DYAH PUSPITARINI; ALDY PURWANTORO; VANADYA DECEMBRY ALODYA PRADIFTA; FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD; ITO FERNANDO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250909

Abstract

Abstract. Puspitarini RD, Purwantoro A, Pradifta VDA, Muhammad FN, Fernando I. 2024. Abundance of arthropod pests and their natural enemies on cassava fields implementing different agroecosystem management. Biodiversitas 25: 2901-2907. Arthropod pests pose significant challenges to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivation, with detrimental effects on yield and crop quality. Agroecosystem management plays a crucial role in shaping the populations of pests and their natural enemies. Therefore, understanding and implementing appropriate management practices are essential for developing integrated pest management approaches that are effective and environmentally friendly. Our study examined herbivorous and predatory arthropod abundance across six cassava plantations with varying management practices. Field characteristics were examined to elucidate the factors contributing to differences in arthropod assemblages observed among the fields. We used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to assess the differences in arthropod abundance across the plantations. Additionally, arthropod assemblage was analyzed using analysis of similarity based on the Bray-Curtis Index, with differences visualized using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots. The high abundance of herbivorous arthropods in certain fields appeared linked to narrow plant spacing, which might facilitate pest dispersal. Furthermore, complete weed removal and the absence of organic fertilizer application, such as manure, could reduce predatory arthropod populations. Additionally, fields situated at lower altitudes demonstrated increased susceptibility to pest outbreaks. Therefore, strategic agroecosystem management is imperative, incorporating practices to mitigate pest population growth while conserving predatory arthropods. Comprehending the interplay between management practices and arthropod dynamics is crucial for developing sustainable pest management strategies in cassava cultivation.

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