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Optimal: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Published by Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
ISSN : 29624444     EISSN : 29624010     DOI : 10.55606
Core Subject :
OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen berfokus pada penerbitan artikel berkualitas tinggi yang didedikasikan untuk semua aspek penelitian, masalah, dan perkembangan terbaru di bidang Ilmu Manajemen. Topik dalam Jurnal ini berkaitan dengan aspek apapun dari manajemen, namun tidak terbatas pada topik berikut : Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia , Manajemen Keuangan, Manajemen Pemasaran, Manajemen Sektor Publik, Manajemen Operasional, Manajemen Rantai Pasokan, Corporate Governance, Etika Bisnis, Akuntansi Manajemen dan Pasar Modal dan Investasi. Jurnal ini terbit 1 tahun 4 kali (Maret, Juni September dan Desember)
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 619 Documents
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Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan dan Klasifikasi Wilayah di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Grace Natalia Timang Pasulu; Made Dwi Setyadhi Mustika
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7850

Abstract

Inequality in income distribution between regions is a persistent structural problem in Indonesia's economic development, including in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). Differences in the quality of Human Resources (HR), investment intensity, economic growth, unemployment rates, and minimum wages in each region lead to imbalances in welfare attainment. DIY even recorded the highest Gini index in Indonesia as of March 2024, indicating the most severe level of inequality nationally. This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of HR quality, investment, economic growth, unemployment rates, and minimum wages on inter-regional income inequality in DIY Province. In addition, this study also classifies five regencies/cities in DIY into a regional growth typology based on the Klassen Typology approach, which combines indicators of economic growth and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita. The type of data used is secondary panel data from the five regencies/cities during 2014–2023, obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis method used is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software, and is complemented by classical assumption testing and Klassen Typology analysis. This research design is quantitative descriptive and associative, with a data-driven empirical approach. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously all five variables have a significant effect on income distribution inequality, but partially only human resource quality has a positive and significant effect. Regional classification based on Klassen Typology places Yogyakarta and Sleman as developed regions, while Bantul and Gunungkidul are classified as underdeveloped. The implications of this study show the importance of an inclusive and region-based development policy direction. Regional governments need to prioritize improving human resource quality through education and health.
Peran Profitabilitas dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Leverage terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Putu Mia Arista Sari; Ni Putu Ayu Darmayanti
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7851

Abstract

Firm value is a key indicator reflecting how investors assess the performance and future prospects of a business entity. This study aims to analyze the effect of liquidity and leverage on firm value, considering the role of profitability as a mediating variable. The objects of this study were companies belonging to the tourism subsector and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2021 to 2024. The approach used was a quantitative approach with an associative research type. The data used were secondary data obtained from the official IDX website, www.idx.com. The sampling technique used a census method, where the entire population of tourism subsector companies that met the inclusion criteria during the observation period was used as a sample. From the selection results, 40 tourism subsector companies were obtained as the objects of the study. The results of the data analysis showed that the variables of liquidity, leverage, and profitability had a positive and significant influence on firm value. However, liquidity and leverage also found a negative effect on profitability. Of these two variables, only leverage showed a statistically significant negative effect on profitability. Furthermore, the results also revealed that profitability was unable to mediate the relationship between liquidity and leverage on firm value. These findings indicate that while profitability is a crucial aspect in increasing firm value, in the context of the tourism subsector, the direct influence of liquidity and leverage on firm value is more dominant than the indirect effect through profitability. Therefore, company management in this sector needs to pay closer attention to liquidity management strategies and capital structure to optimally increase firm value.
Pengelolaan Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat di Daya Tarik Wisata Alas Pala Sangeh, Kecamatan Abiansemal, Kabupaten Badung Ni Luh Putu Ary Marheni; Relin D.E; I Wayan Wiwin
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7853

Abstract

Community-Based Tourism (CBT) management at the Alas Pala Sangeh tourist attraction aims to encourage environmental conservation and local economic empowerment through active community participation. However, this participation is not evenly distributed. Management faces obstacles such as limited managerial capacity, lack of digital promotion, and dependence on tourist visits, which risks reducing service quality, creating economic inequality, and threatening environmental sustainability. This study answers three main questions: (1) How is community participation in CBT management at Alas Pala Sangeh?, (2) What are the obstacles faced?, and (3) What is the impact of implementing CBT at this location? This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a theoretical foundation of Community-Based Tourism, POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) management, and the Triple Bottom Line (People, Planet, Profit) approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, literature study, structured and in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results show that community participation is systematically integrated through the POAC approach, in which the Sangeh Traditional Village and the local community are actively involved in all stages of tourism management. Key constraints include limited inclusive participation, unequal institutional capacity, unequal distribution of economic benefits, and environmental challenges resulting from tourist behavior. The implementation of CBT has had positive impacts based on the Triple Bottom Line framework: increased income and growth of MSMEs (profit), cultural preservation and strengthening of local identity (people), and environmental conservation through the protection of nutmeg forests and wildlife habitats (planet). Therefore, CBT management in Alas Pala Sangeh has strong potential to realize sustainable and inclusive tourism and support the long-term economic well-being of the community. However, to achieve the maximum potential in community-based tourism management, improvements are needed in several aspects, particularly related to increasing managerial capacity and digital promotion.
Pengaruh Citra Merek, Persepsi Harga, dan Kepuasan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Produk Fashion H&M di Kota Denpasar Ni Putu Kanya Bhavani Widya Angely; Ni Wayan Sri Suprapti
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7857

Abstract

Fashion has become an important part of everyday appearance and lifestyle. It is not limited to clothing, but also includes various functional items combined with sophisticated and unique design elements that can enhance one’s look. One of the rapidly growing industries in the fast fashion category is the H&M brand. This brand has become widely known worldwide for offering trendy fashion products at relatively affordable prices. H&M has become the top choice for many consumers who seek stylish clothing at competitive prices. This study uses Consumer Behavior theory to analyze the factors that influence customer loyalty toward H&M clothing products. The population of this study consists of customers who purchase H&M clothing, with a sample size of 120 people obtained through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to respondents who had previously purchased H&M products. Data analysis was conducted using classical assumption tests, multiple regression analysis, t-tests, and f-tests to examine the relationship between brand image, price perception, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. The results of the study show that brand image, price perception, and customer satisfaction have a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty both partially and simultaneously. A strong brand image can build an emotional connection with customers, while price perception that aligns with the value felt by customers can enhance their satisfaction. Furthermore, high customer satisfaction can strengthen their loyalty to the H&M brand. The implication of this research is that companies, by understanding consumer behavior theory, can more effectively build a strong brand image, set prices that match perceived value, and increase customer satisfaction. This will create sustainable loyalty, which is essential for the survival of businesses in the competitive fashion industry.
Analisis Faktor Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Psikologis Yang Memengaruhi Keputusan Berwirausaha Usia Produktif di Kabupaten Badung. Ni Putu Risa Eka Putri; I Wayan Priyana Agus Sudharma
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7861

Abstract

Badung Regency is one of the primary economic growth centers in Bali Province, supported by a high Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), especially in the tourism sector. Despite this strong economic foundation, the relatively low number of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) indicates a gap between the region’s economic potential and actual entrepreneurial engagement. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing entrepreneurial decisions among individuals in the prime working age group (ages 25–45) in Badung Regency. The research focuses on four independent variables: access to capital, education level, market access, and social environment. The study employs an associative quantitative approach using a logistic regression model to assess the responses of 100 participants selected through purposive sampling. The results reveal that access to capital, education, and market access have a statistically significant and positive influence on entrepreneurial decision-making. In contrast, the social environment shows a positive direction but does not significantly influence the decision to pursue entrepreneurship. These findings suggest that structural factors such as financial access and market reach play a more critical role in encouraging entrepreneurship than socio-cultural influences. The research implies that efforts to increase entrepreneurial activity in Badung Regency should prioritize improving access to inclusive and affordable financing options, enhancing entrepreneurship education programs tailored to market needs, and creating an enabling ecosystem that facilitates market access for new and existing MSMEs. Strengthening institutional support for entrepreneurial infrastructure can help bridge the gap between potential and practice. In conclusion, entrepreneurship development in Badung Regency requires strategic collaboration between government, private sectors, and educational institutions to foster a more conducive environment for sustainable and inclusive economic growth driven by entrepreneurial activities.
Strategi Pengelolaan Objek Wisata Berbasis Prinsip Manajemen Bisnis Syariah di Taman Panorama Baru Kota Bukittinggi Muhammad Farhan; Jon Kenedi
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7870

Abstract

This research is motivated by obstacles in developing tourism management strategies that impact the economy of the surrounding community. The under-management of tourism potential presents a challenge for managers and the local community to improve their welfare. This study aims to determine the application of Sharia-based business management and management strategies to increase tourist visits and business revenue at the Taman Panorama Baru tourist attraction. This tourist attraction has significant potential for development, but there are several management challenges that need to be addressed. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach to explore information related to Sharia-based tourism management and the factors influencing its success. The results indicate that the success of this tourist attraction is influenced by several key factors, namely independent management (community self-help) that strengthens internal strengths, and makes Taman Panorama Baru a popular destination by early 2024. The implementation of Sharia-based business management has met the criteria for halal tourism, including the provision of halal culinary delights, clean and comfortable facilities, and regular religious activities carried out by the local community. In addition, the availability of continuously developing facilities and infrastructure also attracts tourists and strengthens local economic cooperation. Through collaboration between tourism managers and the community, this attraction has successfully increased its appeal to both domestic and international tourists and strengthened the local economy. This research provides a significant contribution to the development of Sharia-compliant tourism management strategies, which can serve as a reference for other tourism managers in creating competitive destinations that provide sustainable economic benefits.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan di Indonesia Sebelum dan Setelah Pandemi Covid-19 Kevin Aditya Mahesa; Sayu Ketut Sutrisna Dewi
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7877

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the differences in the financial performance of the banking sector in Indonesia between the period before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Financial performance is measured using four fundamental ratios, namely Return on Asset (ROA) for profitability, Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) for liquidity, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) for capital, and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) for credit risk. This study uses a comparative quantitative approach with secondary data from the annual financial statements of 39 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2019 (before the pandemic) and 2023 (after the pandemic). The data analysis technique used is the Paired Sample T-Test with the help of the SPSS version 25 program. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the ratio of CAR and NPL. The average CAR after the pandemic (37.69%) is significantly higher than before the pandemic (23.81%), which indicates a massive strengthening of bank capital in response to economic uncertainty. The average NPL after the pandemic (1.41%) was also significantly lower than before the pandemic (2.18%), indicating an improvement in the quality of credit assets and the effectiveness of credit risk management implemented by banks post-pandemic. In contrast, the study did not find a statistically significant difference in the ROA and LDR ratios between the two periods, indicating stability in the aspects of banking profitability and liquidity in the sample studied. This shows that even though the banking sector was affected by the pandemic, the ability to generate profits and maintain a balance between third-party funds and credit was maintained. These findings provide important implications for regulators and industry players in formulating adaptive financial policies in the midst of crisis conditions.
Analisis Dampak Motivasi, Lingkungan Kerja, Kedisiplinan, dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan di PT. Prima Alloy Steel Universal Tbk. Edwin Budi Christanto; Agus Purbo Widodo; Aloysius Jondar
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7889

Abstract

This study was conducted to measure the extent to which work motivation, work environment conditions, discipline, and career development influence job satisfaction, both collectively and individually, among employees of PT. Prima Paduan Baja Universal Tbk. This study used a quantitative approach, with data collected through questionnaires from 100 permanent employees. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to assess the impact of independent variables on job satisfaction as the dependent variable. The results of the study published that, collectively, motivation, work environment, discipline, and career development have a significant influence on the level of job satisfaction. Meanwhile, separately, each independent variable also shows a positive and significant influence; with the work environment as the most influential factor, followed by motivation. These findings highlight the importance of strategically managing motivational aspects, work atmosphere, discipline, and career development to improve employee satisfaction and performance. Therefore, companies are advised to implement human resource management policies that are adaptive, comprehensive, and focused on employee development. In addition, the coefficient of determination analysis shows that these four factors are able to explain 38.7% of the variation in job satisfaction among employees. Furthermore, the results of this study also provide insight for company management regarding areas that need attention in improving employee welfare. While all four factors have significant influence, maintaining a positive work environment, including meeting employees' physical and psychological needs, is crucial, as it can create a more conducive atmosphere for productivity. High motivation and clear career development can also increase employee engagement and commitment to the company. Therefore, companies need to continuously issue and improve policies related to the work environment, discipline, and career development opportunities to ensure sustainable job satisfaction and long-term performance improvement.
Pengaruh Iklan Instagram Reels Serta Electronic Word of Mouth Terhadap Brand Awareness Layanan Indibiz pada Telkom Daerah Ubung Kadek Adelia Purnama Maharani; I Wayan Wirga; Kadek Jemmy Waciko
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7890

Abstract

The focus of this study is to examine the effect of Instagram Reels ads and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on increasing brand awareness of Indibiz services in the Ubung Telkom area. The independent variables in this study are Instagram Reels ads and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM), while the dependent variable is brand awareness. The population in this study is the target market of Indibiz services. The sample was determined using the Lemeshow formula, because the population size is unknown, the sample was determined using random and purposive sampling with several characteristics, the sample in this study consisted of 96 respondents. This study uses primary data as the main source of information collected through questionnaires distributed via Google Forms. This is a type of quantitative research. In this study, data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques with the support of SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) software. The findings of this study indicate that Instagram Reels ads and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) simultaneously influence the increase in brand awareness. Partially, the variables of Instagram Reels ads and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) also influence the increase in brand awareness. This study aims to examine the effect of Instagram Reels ads and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on increasing brand awareness of Indibiz services in the Ubung Telkom area. The independent variables in this study are Instagram Reels ads and e-WOM, while the dependent variable is brand awareness. This study used a sample of 96 respondents selected through random and purposive sampling, with primary data collected using a questionnaire via Google Forms. Using multiple linear regression techniques and SPSS analysis, the results of the study show that both Instagram Reels ads and e-WOM significantly influence the increase in brand awareness, both simultaneously and partially.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Pengembangan Karier, dan Sistem Penghargaan terhadap SDM dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Mediator di Dinas Kesehatan Tegal Widiya Nurul Azmia; Slamet Bambang Riono; Nur Afridah; Indah Dewi Mulyani
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v5i4.7915

Abstract

This study aims to examine the influence of work environment, career development, and reward system on the development of human resources (HR) with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The research focuses on employees at the Tegal City Health Office, employing a quantitative research design. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of structured questionnaires to 95 respondents selected using purposive sampling, ensuring that participants met predetermined criteria relevant to the study’s objectives. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach to test both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that the work environment, career development, and reward system each exert a positive and significant direct effect on HR development. Additionally, these factors also have an indirect influence on HR development through the mediation of job satisfaction, indicating that job satisfaction serves as a key pathway linking organizational factors to HR outcomes. A supportive work environment fosters employee comfort and collaboration, structured career development opportunities enhance motivation and skill advancement, and a fair, transparent reward system boosts morale and engagement. Together, these elements contribute to producing employees who are more professional, productive, and competent. The implications of this research highlight the importance for public sector organizations, particularly in the health service sector, to prioritize policies that promote a conducive work atmosphere, provide clear career pathways, and implement equitable reward systems. Such strategies are crucial not only for improving job satisfaction but also for ensuring sustainable HR development that aligns with organizational goals. The study offers empirical evidence to support decision-making in HR management and serves as a reference for designing effective and long-term HR development strategies in government institutions.

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