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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
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UJI DIAGNOSTIK PEMERIKSAAN KADAR TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA 1 CAIRAN PLEURA PADA PLEURITIS TUBERKULOSIS Wahyuningrum, Woro Hapsari; Indrati, Agnes Rengga; Rachmayati, Sylvia; Turbawaty, Dewi Kartika
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (179.438 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v49n4.1152

Abstract

Sulitnya penegakan diagnosis pleuritis tuberkulosis (TB) disebabkan oleh gambaran klinis yang tidak spesifik dan rendahnya sensitivitas pemeriksaan bakteriologik, akibat cairan pleura yang bersifat pausibasiler.Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-?1) mampu menekan respons imun seluler terhadap M. tuberculosis, berperan dalam aktivasi TB laten, kerusakan jaringan, dan fibrosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peranan pemeriksaankadarTGF-?1 cairan pleura dalam penegakan diagnosis pleuritis TB. Penelitian ini adalah uji diagnostik, pengambilan data secara potong lintang. Bahan pemeriksaan berupa cairan pleura yang disimpan dalam ultra low freezer dari pasien rawat inap di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin (RSHS) Bandung dan Rumah Sakit Paru Dr. H.A Rotinsulu Bandung periode Oktober 2014 ? Maret 2015. Total subjek penelitian 68, terdiri dari 17 pleuritis TB confirmed, 22 pleuritis TB probable, dan 29 pleuritis non TB.Kadar TGF-?1 cairan pleura pleuritis TB: 41,4 (10,4 ?19.481) pg/mL. Pemeriksaan kadar TGF-?1 menunjukkan sensitivitas 66,7%, spesifisitas 65,5% pada nilai cut-off  >37 pg/mL. Sensitivitas pemeriksaan kadar  TGF-?1 lebih tinggi bila dibanding dengan pemeriksaan bakteriologik. Hasil negatif pada pemeriksaan bakteriologik dari subjek pleuritis TB probable, 77,3% di antaranya memberikan hasil positif pada pemeriksaan kadar TGF-?1.  Pemeriksaan ini dapat digunakan sebagai tambahan modalitas pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mendiagnosis pleuritis TB, terutama bila didapatkan hasil negatif pada pemeriksaan bakteriologik, namun kecurigaan pleuritis TB sangat kuat.Kata kunci: Kadar TGF-?1, pemeriksaan bakteriologik, pleuritis TB  Diagnostic Value of Pleural Fluid Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Level in Tuberculous PleurisyTuberculous(TB) pleurisy was difficult to be diagnosed as it has nonspecific symptoms and low sensitivity in  bacteriological tests which are caused by paucibacillary of pleural fluid. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-?1) could suppress  the immune response to M. tuberculosis infection, activating latent TB infection that involves tissue damages and fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the role of pleural fluid TGF-?1 level in diagnosing TB pleurisy. This was a cross-sectional specific descriptive observational study involving a total subjects of 68 that consisted of  17 confirmed TB pleurisy, 22 probable TB pleurisy, and 29 non-TB pleurisy. Pleural fluid collected in October 2014 ? March 2015 from the subjects was stored in an ultra low freezer. The which.level of TGF-?1 in pleural fluid in TB pleurisy was 41,4(10,4 ? 19.481) pg/mL. Pleural  fluid TGF-?1 level showed a sensitivity of 66,7%, specificity of 65,5% and a cut-off value >37pg/mL. The sensitivity level of pleural fluid TGF-?1 was higher than that of the bacteriological test. Pleural fluid TGF-?1 level can be used as an adjunct modality of laboratory test for diagnosing TB pleurisy, especially for patient with high suspiscion of TB pleurisy but yield negative result in the bacteriological test.Key words: Bacteriological tests, TB pleurisy, TGF-?1 levels
Status Periodontal dan Kehilangan Tulang Alveolar pada Restorasi Proksimal yang Overhang Garna, Devy Firena; Amaliya, Amaliya
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 44, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Jaringan periodontal yang sehat bergantung pada penempatan restorasi yang tepat terutama di bagian proksimal, sedangkan penempatan yang berlebih (overhang) dapat berperan sebagai faktor terjadinya gingivitis dan kehilangan tulang alveolar. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui relasi prevalensi status periodontal dan kehilangan tulang alveolar pada restorasi proksimal. Studi deskriptif potong lintang pada penderita yang berkunjung di Poli Gigi Puskesmas Tarogong kabupaten Garut periode bulan Maret–November 2010 dinilai status periodontal yang meliputi indeks perdarahan gusi menurut The National Institute of Dental Research, kedalaman poket menggunakan probe Williams dengan skala 0–10 mm, indeks plak Silness-Löe dan kehilangan tulang alveolar dengan analisis teknik Schei. Sampel yang didapat sebanyak 21 dari 35 restorasi proksimal overhang mengalami perdarahan gusi pada saat probing. Indeks plak Silness-Löe 8 dari 14 subjek penelitian termasuk dalam kategori buruk dan 6 dari 14 kategori sedang. Restorasi proksimal overhang dengan kedalaman poket di atas 3 mm sebanyak 24 dari 35 restorasi dengan kehilangan tulang alveolar rata-rata sebanyak 8%. Relative risk perdarahan gusi pada restorasi proksimal yang overhang 1,05 sedangkan kedalaman poket adalah 1,60. Simpulan, pada restorasi proksimal overhang didapatkan nilai indeks plak sedang hingga buruk, kedalaman poket lebih dari 3 mm, dan kehilangan tulang alveolar [MKB. 2012;44(3):133–7].Periodontal Status and Alveolar Bone Loss on Overhanging Proximal RestorationsA healthy periodontal tissue dependent on placing a proper restoration especially proximal restoration whereas to place an overhang restoration could be a risk factor for gingivitis and alveolar bone loss. The aim of the study was to find out relation prevalence periodontal status and alveolar bone loss on proximal restorations. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who visited Tarogong Dental Unit Public Health Centre, Garut Regency between March and November 2010 and their periodontal status including The National Institute of Dental Research. Gingiva bleeding index, probing pocket depth using Williams probe with scale 0–10 mm, Silness-Löe plaque index and Schei technic alveolar bone loss analysis were recorded. Twenty-one out of thirtyfive of overhanging proximal restorations had bleeding on probing. Based on plaque index (Silness-Löe) 8 out of 14 respondents were categorized as a poor and 6 out of 14 had moderate category of plaque index. Overhanging proximal restorations, which had pocket depth more than 3 mm, were 24 out of 35 restorations with 8% mean alveolar bone loss. Relative risk of gingival bleeding on overhanging proximal restoration was 1.05 meanwhile the relative risk of pocket depth was 1.60. In conclusions, on overhanging proximal restorations show that there are poor plaque index, bleeding gingival, probing pocket depth more than 3 mm and alveolar bone loss. [MKB. 2012;44(3):133–7]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v44n3.134
PELUANG KEJADIAN OTOTOKSISITAS PADA PENGGUNAAN KANAMISIN DALAM PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSIS RESISTEN OBAT GANDA SELAMA 1 BULAN Rakhmawati, Lussie; Agustian, Ratna Anggraeni; Wijana, -
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 47, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Obat ototoksik adalah obat yang berpotensi menimbulkan reaksi toksik pada struktur di koklea, vestibulum, kanalis semisirkularis, dan otolith. Kanamisin merupakan obat yang digunakan dalam pengobatan tuberkulosis resisten obat ganda (multidrug resistant/TB MDR) dan berpotensi ototoksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peluang terjadinya ototoksisitas sebagai langkah awal deteksi dini pada penggunaan kanamisin dalam pengobatan TB MDR. Penelitian ini berupa studi deskriptif yang dilakukan secara prospektif di RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Januari?Juni 2014 dengan subjek adalah penderita TB MDR. Pemeriksaan awal, yaitu audiometri nada murni, timpanometri dan DPOAE dilakukan sebelum terapi, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan dengan DPOAE setiap 3 hari selama 1 bulan pertama pengobatan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gangguan koklea pada telinga kanan dan kiri mulai frekuensi 10.000 Hz pada hari ke-19?21, kemudian mengenai frekuensi 8.000 Hz pada hari ke-25?27. Terdapat hubungan negatif gangguan koklea akibat kanamisin dengan usia, namun tidak terdapat hubungan negatif gangguan koklea dengan jenis kelamin dan indeks masa tubuh. Simpulan, peluang kejadian ototoksik pada penderita TB MDR yang mendapat terapi kanamisin terjadi mulai pada akhir minggu kedua serta mengenai frekuensi tinggi terlebih dahulu serta berlanjut ke frekuensi yang lebih rendah. MKB. 2015;47(4):224?30]Kata kunci: Deteksi dini, kanamisin, ototoksik, TB MDRProbability of Kanamycin Ototoxicity in Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Patient during First Month TreatmentAbstractOtotoxic drugs are medicines that cause toxic reactions to structures in the cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canal, and otolith. Kanamycin is a drug used in the treatment of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) and potentially ototoxic. This study aimed to determine the possibility of kanamycin ototoxicity as an initial step of early detection in MDR TB treatment . This study was a descriptive study conducted prospectively and performed in dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung during the period of January?June 2014. The study involved MDR TB patients. Preliminary examinations were performed using pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and DPOAE, which was then followed by further investigations using DPOAE examination every 3 days during the first month of treatment. The results showed cochlear disorders on the right and left ear started to 10,000 Hz frequency on days 19?21, then the frequency of 8,000 Hz on days 25?27. There was a negative relationship between cochlear disorders due to use of kanamycin with age, and no correlation between cochlear disorders with gender and body mass index. In conclusion, possibility of kanamycin ototoxicity in patients with MDR TB begins at the end of the second week, first on high frequency and continues to lower frequency. [MKB. 2015;47(4):224?30]Key words: Early detection, MDR TB, kanamycin, ototoxic DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n4.619
PILIHAN DAN PERSEPSI RISIKO TERHADAP JENIS SUMBER AIR MINUM PADA MASYARAKAT KUMUH PERKOTAAN DI BANTARAN SUNGAI CIKAPUNDUNG KOTA BANDUNG Sari, Sri Yusnita Irda; Raksanagara, Ardini
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (736.773 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v50n3.1433

Abstract

Sistem penyaluran air di wilayah kumuh perkotaan sangat terbatas dan tidak dapat diandalkan baik kuantitas dan kualitas terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Pilihan terhadap jenis sumber air dan tipe pengolahan akan berdampak pada status kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bermaksud menggali hubungan faktor demografi dan persepsi risiko terhadap pilihan sumber air minum pada masyarakat kumuh perkotaan. Studi potong lintang dilaksanakan pada bulan September?Oktober 2015 pada masyarakat kumuh perkotaan di 20 RW yang berada di bantaran sungai Cikapundung Kota Bandung. Sampel dipilih dengan metode acak sistematis. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan kualitas sampel air minum diperiksa dengan Suncoli test kit untuk mendeteksi dan menghitung jumlah bakteri Coliform. Jenis air minum yang dikonsumsi masyarakat kumuh perkotaan adalah merebus air minum yang bersumber air sumur dan air perpipaan atau membeli air minum dalam kemasan. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan pilihan jenis air minum yang dikonsumsi adalah faktor status ekonomi, ketersediaan jenis sumber air bersih yang dimiliki, dan faktor pendidikan kepala keluarga (p<0,001). Persepsi terhadap risiko keamanan sumber air bersih berhubungan dengan pilihan jenis sumber air minum yang dikonsumsi (p<0,001). Upaya promosi kesehatan mengenai cara pengolahan air minum perlu ditingkatkan dan perbaikan penyediaan air perpipaan harus diupayakan. Choice and Risk Perception on Drinking Water source among Urban Slum Dwellers Living on Cikapundung River Basin in Bandung CityWater supply system in urban slum area is often unreliable in terms of water quality and quantity, particularly in developing countries. Choices on the type of water source and water treatment may be associated with public health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate correlation between demographic factors and risk perception on the choice of water source type in urban slum area. A cross-sectional study was conducted during September?October 2015 in 20 neigborhood (Rukun Warga, RW) living on Cikapundung river basin in Bandung City. Households were sampled using systematic random sampling method. Data were collected through a questionnaire and water quality was assessed using Suncoli test kit to examine total Coliform level in drinking water. Drinking water consumed by the urban slum dweller included boiled water from ground well and piped water as well as commercial drinking water. Factors influencing the choice of drinking water were economic status, availability of clean water source, and education level of head of household (p<0.001). Perception towards health risks carried by clean water correlates with the choice of drinking water to be consumed (p<0.001). Health promotion efforts on how to process drinking water need to be improved and piped water provision should be improved.
PERBEDAAN EFEK PEMBERIAN TOPIKAL GEL LIDAH BUAYA (ALOE VERA L.) DENGAN SOLUSIO POVIDONE IODINE TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA KULIT MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS) Atik, Nur; Iwan A. Rahman, Januarsih
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 41, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Penyembuhan luka yang normal merupakan suatu proses kompleks dan dinamis. Proses penyembuhan dapat dibantu baik dengan pengobatan secara kimiawi maupun alami. Pengobatan kimiawi biasanya menggunakan povidone iodine sedangkan salah satu cara alami dengan pemberian topikal gel lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) yang diduga dapat mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan penyembuhan luka sayat yang diberikan topikal gel lidah buaya dengan povidone iodine pada kulit mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan 18 mencit (Mus musculus) yang terbagi dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok luka sayat (kontrol), kelompok luka sayat ? lidah buaya, dan kelompok luka sayat povidone iodine. Setiap kelompok dibuat full-thickness skin wound di punggung mencit. Luka pada grup kontrol tidak diberikan perlakuan, sementara gel lidah buaya diberikan secara topikal sebanyak 2 kali/hari pada grup kedua, dan solusio povidone iodine diberikan sebanyak 2 kali/hari pada grup ketiga. Pada hari kelima semua mencit dikorbankan untuk dievaluasi perubahan histologik dan ekspresi vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Data diperoleh melalui pengamatan mikroskopik terhadap jaringan kulit yang terluka, dengan parameter tebal epitel, jumlah rata-rata sel fibroblas, pembuluh darah dan ekspresi VEGF A, kemudian dianalisis statistik menggunakan independent samples T test, Analisis of variant (ANOVA) dan Chi square. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan tebal epitel, jumlah rata-rata fibroblas, pembuluh darah, dan ekspresi VEGF A pada kelompok luka sayat -lidah buaya lebih tebal dan lebih banyak jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok povidone iodine. Melalui uji statistik dapat diketahui adanya perbedaan yang bermakna (p < 0,05) tebal epitel, jumlah rata-rata sel fibroblas; pembuluh darah dan ekspresi VEGF A pada kedua kelompok dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hal ini menandakan bahwa pemberian topikal gel lidah buaya pada luka sayat kulit mencit sebanyak dua kali sehari lebih baik daripada pemberian solusio povidone iodine dilihat dari parameter tebal epitel, jumlah rata-rata fibroblas, pembuluh darah, dan ekspresi VEGF A.Kata kunci: Lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.), solusio povidone iodine, penyembuhan luka sayat, pemberian topikalTHE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TOPICAL APLICATION OF THE ALOE VERA GEL WITH THE POVIDONE IODINE SOLUTIO FOR SKIN WOUND HEALING IN MICE (Mus Musculus)Normal wound healing is a complex and dynamic process. Wound healing process can accelerate, with chemical treatment or natural. The chemical treatment often used in healing process is povidone iodine. For natural treatment, topical application of Aloe vera gel may accelerate the full-thickness wound healing process. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the differences between topical application of povidone iodine and Aloe vera gel for skin wound healing in mice. This study used 18 mice that were divided into three groups. First group was the wounded (control) group, the second group was wounded ? Aloe vera group, the third group was wounded - povidone iodine group. Full-thickness skin wound were created on the dorsal area of mice in each group. The control group were not given anything, while the second group were given Aloe vera gel twice a day, and the third group were given povidone iodine solution twice a day. At the fifth day, all mice were sacrificed for histologic evaluation and VEGF A expression. Data was obtained by microscopic observation of the wounded skin, based on quantitative parameter: epithelial thickness, total fibroblast, total blood vessels, and VEGF A expression. Then the data was statistically analyzed by using independent samples T test, ANOVA, and Chi square. The result demonstrated that the sum of epithelial thickness, fibroblast, blood vessels, and VEGF A expression in the Aloe vera group is higher than in povidone iodine group.  Statistic evaluation showed that there were significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05), with 95% confidence interval. Based on this result, it can be concluded that the topical administration of Aloe vera gel twice a day is better than povidone iodine with parameter epithelial thickness, total fibroblass, total blood vessels and VEGF A expression.Key words: Aloe vera, povidone iodine solution, lacerating wound healing, topical application DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v41n2.188
PERBANDINGAN KADAR INTERLEUKIN-17 SERUM PASIEN AKNE VULGARIS TIPE PAPULOPUSTULAR DENGAN KOMEDONAL Maulinda, Shinta; Hindritiani, Reti; Ruchiatan, Kartika; Suwarsa, Oki
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8.208 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n3.846

Abstract

Patogenesis akne vulgaris (AV) bersifat multifaktorial dan faktor yang berperan penting adalah inflamasi yang terutama diinduksi oleh reaksi imunologis terhadap Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Bakteri ini dapat ditemukan baik pada lesi inflamasi berupa papula dan pustula, maupun noninflamasi seperti komedo, dengan jumlah P. acnes lebih tinggi pada lesi inflamasi. Secara klinis komedo merupakan lesi noninflamasi, namun secara mikroskopis sudah terjadi inflamasi. P. acnes dapat menginduksi pelepasan sitokin proinflamasi antara lain IL-17. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan kadar IL-17 serum antara pasien AV tipe papulopustular dan komedonal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional secara potong lintang dengan peserta penelitian masing-masing 12 pasien AV tipe papulopustular dan komedonal derajat dua atau lebih di Poliklinik Dermatologi Kosmetik Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung selama periode Oktober?November 2014. Pada kedua kelompok dilakukan pengambilan darah tepi untuk pengukuran kadar IL-17 serum dengan metode ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar IL-17 serum rata-rata (SD) pada pasien AV tipe papulopustular adalah 0,65 (1,12) pg/mL, sedangkan pada tipe komedonal adalah 0,46 (0,42) pg/mL, perbedaan tersebut secara statistik tidak bermakna (p=1,000). Simpulan, kadar IL-17 serum pasien AV tipe papulopustular tidak berbeda dibanding dengan AV tipe komedonal menunjukkan bahwa kemungkinan pada lesi komedo sudah terjadi inflamasi. [MKB. 2016;48(3):160?3]Kata kunci: Akne vulgaris, IL-17 serum, tipe komedonal, tipe papulopustular Comparison of Interleukin-17 Serum Level between Papulopustular and Comedonal Types of Acne VulgarisThe pathogenesis of acne vulgaris (AV) is multifactorial and inflammation, which is primarily cause by induction of immunological response to Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), is suggested as the main important factor in AV development. These bacteria can be found in the form of papules and pustules in inflammatory lesions and as comedones in noninflammatory lesions, with a higher presentation seen in the inflammatory lesions. Clinically, comedo is a noninflammatory lesion; however, inflammation can be observed microscopically. P. acnes can release proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-17. The aim of this study was to compare the IL-17 serum level between papulopustular type and comedonal type of AV. This study was a cross sectional-analytic observational, conducted at the Cosmetic Dermatology Clinic, Dermatology and Venereology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung during October?November 2014. The participants were AV patients with at least second degree papulopustular (n12) and comedonal types (n12). Blood samples from all subjects were collected and the IL-17 serum levels were measured using ELISA methods. This study showed that the mean (single deviation) IL-17 serum levels in papulopustular and comedonal type of AV were 0.65 (1.12) pg/mL and 0.46 (0.42) pg/mL, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (p:1.000). The IL-17 serum level in the papulopustular type is not different from that of the comedonal type of AV in this study, which indicates that the inflammatory events probably had occurred  in comedonal lesions. [MKB. 2016;48(3):160?3]Key words: Acne vulgaris, comedonal type, IL-17 serum level, papulopustular type
MANFAAT INTERVENSI DINI ANAK USIA 6–12 BULAN DENGAN KECURIGAAN PENYIMPANGAN PERKEMBANGAN Susanty, Anne; Fadlyana, Eddy; Nataprawira, Heda Melinda
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 46, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Penyimpangan perkembangan masih merupakan masalah bagi anak di Indonesia. Untuk meminimalkan penyimpangan perkembangan yang dicurigai maka intervensi perkembangan secara dini dapat dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk merangsang berbagai aspek perkembangan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui manfaat intervensi perkembangan secara dini terhadap anak usia 6?12 bulan yang mengalami kecurigaan penyimpangan perkembangan. Penelitian intervensi tes pra dan pasca dilakukan selama bulan Januari?Maret 2011. Subjek adalah anak sehat usia 6?12 bulan di kelurahan Cibangkong dan Kebongedang Kiaracondong, Bandung. Penapisan perkembangan anak dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner praskrining perkembangan (KPSP) dengan interpretasi hasil sesuai, meragukan, dan penyimpangan. Apabila didapatkan hasil yang meragukan maka orangtua diajarkan melakukan intervensi setiap hari di rumah selama 2 minggu dengan pemantauan setiap 2 hari dengan menggunakan kartu harian. Apabila masih terdapat hasil meragukan pada pascaintervensi, maka dilakukan intervensi ulang selama 2 minggu dengan pengawasan seperti sebelumnya. Analisis perbedaan pra dan pascaintervensi dini dilakukan dengan Tes Cochran. Dari 242 anak sehat yang diperiksa terdapat 208 (86,0%) anak dengan perkembangan sesuai, 33 (13,6%) anak perkembangan meragukan, dan 1 (0,4%) anak mengalami penyimpangan perkembangan. Drop out terjadi pada 1 dari 33 anak karena dirawat di rumah sakit. Setelah intervensi kecurigaan penyimpangan perkembangan turun menjadi 12/32 setelah 2 minggu, dan 4/32 pada akhir intervensi (p<0,001). Simpulan: terdapat manfaat intervensi dini anak usia 6?12 bulan yang mengalami kecurigaan penyimpangan perkembangan. [MKB. 2014;46(2):63?8]Kata kunci: Deteksi dini, kuesioner praskrining perkembangan Early Intervention Benefits for Children 6?12 Months Old with Suspect Developmental DelayDevelopmental delay is still a main problem for children in Indonesia. Early intervention is an effort to minimize this delay. The aim of this study was to determine the advantages of early intervention in children 6?12 months old who were suspected as experiencing developmental delay. An intervention study with pre and post design was performed on physically healthy children aged 6?12 months in Cibangkong and Kebongedang, Kiaracondong Bandung between January and March 2011. Children developmental screening was performed using kuesioner praskrining perkembangan (KPSP), or development pre-screening questionnaire, to show appropriate, suspected, or delayed interpretation. When the result of the questionnaire was not really clear for making conclusion, parents were tought to do the intervention at home every day for two weeks with a monitoring performed every 2 days using the daily card. If the result was still not clear after the intervention, the same intervention was repeated for 2 weeks under monitoring. The differences found in the pre and post design were analyzed with Cochran`s test. From 242 healthy children involved in this study, 208 (86.0%) were categorized as appropriate, 33 (13.6%) were suspected to experience developmental delay and one child (0.4%) was delayed. One of thirty three children dropped out from this study because he was admitted to the hospital due to illness. After the intervention, the number of children who were suspected as experiencing delay decreased to 12/32 in two weeks and to 4/32 (p<0.001) after the intervention ended. In conclusion, early intervention provides benefits to children aged 6?12 months who are suspected as experiencing developmental delay.[MKB. 2014;46(2):63?8]Key words: Early detection, KPSP (development pre-screening questionnaire) DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n2.275
EFEK INTERVAL TRAINING TERHADAP INDEKS LEE, KADAR ADIPONEKTIN, DAN IL-6 PADA TIKUS MODEL OBESITAS Zein, Endang Mulyana; T. Lubis, Vita Murniati; Purba, Ambrosius
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Kenaikan berat badan pada tikus model obesitas yang tetap diberikan pakan tinggi lemak terus berlangsung, akan tetapi jenis aktivitas fisik yang tepat mungkin dapat memperlambatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan efek interval training tipe cepat, interval training tipe lambat, dan continuous training intensitas sedang terhadap berat badan, nilai indeks Lee, serta kadar adiponektin dan IL-6. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi Fakutas Kedokteran Unpad pada bulan April?Mei 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan posttest-only control group design pada 28 ekor tikus model obesitas (indek Lee >0,30), kadar adiponektin dan IL-6 plasma diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan interval training tipe lambat lebih baik dibanding dengan interval training tipe cepat, continuous training intensitas sedang dan kontrol, yaitu kenaikan berat badan (2,34% vs 10,79% vs 4,49% vs 7,58%, p=0,000), penurunan kadar adiponektin (9,04 vs 10,27 vs 10,57 vs 7,24 ng/mL, p=0,000), glukosa (101,91±7,1 vs 113,63±6,4 vs 144,03±9,0 vs 82,24±5,9 mg/dL, p=0,000), trigliserida (28,07±3,3 vs 34,14±5,7 vs 42,00±4,9 vs 17,34±2,7 mg/dL, p=0,000), peningkatan kadar IL-6 (60,29±3,1 vs 54,55±2,1 vs 50,76±4,1 vs 56,36±2,9 pg/mL, p=0,000), dan penurunan nilai indeks Lee (7,3% vs 3,6% vs 6,4% vs 5,2%, p=0,000). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa aktivitas fisik interval training tipe lambat lebih baik dalam memperlambat kenaikan berat badan dan menurunkan nilai indeks Lee akibat peningkatan penggunaan adiponektin dan IL-6. [MKB. 2016;49(1):15?21]Kata kunci: Adiponektin, IL-6, Indeks Lee, interval training, obesitas  Effects of Interval Training on Lee Index, Adiponectine, and Il-6 in Obese Rat ModelWeight gain increase in obese rats that are continuously fed with fat rich chow may be slowed downs by putting them on a training regimen. This study aimed to determine the differences between the effects of fast-type interval training, slow-type interval training, and moderate-intensity continuous training on weight gain, Lee index, adiponectine, and IL-6. Using a post-test only control group, this study involved 28 obese rats (Lee index values >0.30). Adiponectin and IL-6 levels were tested using ELISA. This research was conducted in Pharmacology and Therapeutic Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine Unpad in April?May 2014. The results showed that the slow-type interval training was the most effective training compared to the fast-type interval training, continuous training of moderate intensity, and control in slowing down the weight gain (2.34% vs 10.79% vs 4.49% vs 7.58%, p=0.000), which was also accompanied by the lowest level of blood glucose level (101.91±7.1 vs 113.63±6.4 vs 144.03±9.0 vs 82.24±5.9 mg/dL, p=0.000), triglyceride (28.07±3.3 vs 34.14±5.7 vs 42.00±4.9 vs 17.34±2.7 mg/dL, p=0.000) and adiponectin (9.04±0.5 vs 10.27±0.7 vs 10.57±0.7 vs 7.24±0.8 ng/ml, p=0.000) as well as the highest level of IL-6 (60.29±3.1 vs 54.55±2.1 vs 50.76±4.1 vs 56.36±2.9 pg/mL, p=0.000) and lowest Lee index score (7.3% vs 3.6% vs 6.4% vs 5.2%, p=0.000). The study concludes that the slow-type interval training is the best training when compared to other types of training in slowing down weight gain and lowering Lee index and increasing the use of adiponectin and IL-6. [MKB. 2016;49(1):15?21]Key words: Adiponectin, IL-6, interval training, Lee index, obese
Toksisitas Akut per Oral Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC) terhadap Kondisi Lambung Tikus Jantan dan Betina Galur Wistar Astri, Yesi; Sitorus, Truly; Sigit, Joseph I.; Sujatno, Muchtan
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 44, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Toksisitas oral akut merupakan efek samping yang terjadi dalam waktu singkat melalui pemberian tunggal peroral ataupun dengan dosis berulang dalam waktu 24 jam dan dapat terjadi pada setiap organ tubuh. Traktus gastrointestinal sangat potensial terhadap paparan agen toksik yang tampak sebagai gambaran erosi dan tukak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental uji toksisitas akut per oral dan dilakukan di laboratorium Farmakologi Klinik RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Juli–September 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas akut ekstrak etanol daun dewa terhadap lambung dengan menghitung indeks tukak ekstrak etanol daun dewa (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC) pada tikus galur Wistar. Untuk mengatasi dampak negatif, tindakan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan 3R (reduction, refinement, dan replacement). Indeks tukak dinilai dengan menentukan jumlah dan diameter tukak melalui pembedahan hewan coba pada hari ke-15 dan dilakukan pemeriksaan secara mikroskopis dengan penilaian histopatologi. Data dianalisis dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov yang dilanjutkan dengan one sample t-test pada Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows versi 13.0 pada derajat kepercayaan 95%. Indeks tukak antar kelompok tikus jantan dan betina menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok ekstrak etanol dosis >1,625 g/kgBB (p<0,05). Simpulan, pemberian ekstrak etanol daun dewa pada tikus galur Wistar menyebabkan tukak lambung pada dosis >1,625 g/kgBB. [MKB. 2012;44(1):38–43].Kata kunci: Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC, indeks tukak, toksisitas oral akutAcute Oral Toxicity of Ethanol Extract of Dewa Leaf (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC) to Male and Female Wistar Rats’ Gaster MucosaAcute oral toxicity is the adverse effects occurring within a short time of oral administration of a single dose of a substance or multiple doses given within 24 hours through body’s organs. Gastrointestinal tract potentially influenced by toxic materials exposure, shown as gastric erosion and ulcer. This is an acute oral toxicity experimental research, held in Pharmacology laboratorium of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital on July–September 2009. This research aims to determine ethanol extract of Dewa leaf acute toxicity to gaster by measuring ulcer index of ethanol extract of Dewa leaf (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC) in Wistar rats. This research approached with 3R (reduction, refinement and replacement) to overcome negative impact. Ulcer index determined by ulcer’s quantity and diameter due to rats necropsy at 15th day, and histopathology examined. The results are statistically analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and then continued with one sample T-test on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 13.0, at 95% confidence interval level. Ulcer index significantly different between control group and ethanol extract of Dewa leaf group dose >1.625 g/kgBB (p<0.05). In conclusion, ethanol extract of Dewa leaf on Wistar rats cause gastric ulcer at dose >1.625 g/kgBB. [MKB. 2012;44(1):38–43]Key words: Acute oral toxicity, Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC, ulcer index DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v44n1.71 
A Study of Cytomegalovirus Serology among HIV-Infected Patients in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era Sufiawati, Irna; Widyaputra, Sunardhi; Djajakusumah, Tony S.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common opportunistic viruses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The aim of this study was to determine the CMV seroprevalence among HIV-infected patients and investigate the correlation between the CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T-cell counts, as well as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use. Serum samples from 69 HIV-infected patients and 65 HIV-seronegative persons attending Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in March–June 2012 were examined to detect CMV IgG antibody using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that there were no statistically significant differences in the seroprevalence of CMV between HIV-infected (97%) and HIV-seronegative persons (94%). The mean of CMV IgG antibodies titers in HIV-infected patients (335.39+174.87 U/mL) were significantly higher than that of HIV-seronegative persons (240.59+192.76 U/mL). There was no significant correlation between CMV IgG antibody titers and CD4 T-cell counts (the mean was 393.58+209.22 cells/mm3). The titers of CMV IgG antibodies were significantly inversely associated with HAART use. The mean of CMV IgG antibody titers in HIV-infected patients on HAART (335.41+172.98 U/mL) were significantly higher than patients without HAART (204.8+213.91 U/mL). In conclusions, this study confirms a high seroprevalence of CMV among HIV-infected patients. High titers of CMV are inversely associated with HAART use while no correlation with CD4 T-cell counts was found. [MKB. 2013;45(2):112–7]Key words: CD4, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), HAART, HIV, IgGStudi Serologi Cytomegalovirus pada Pasien yang Terinfeksi HIV di Era Highly Active Antiretroviral TherapyCytomegalovirus (CMV) adalah salah satu virus oportunistik yang paling umum pada pasien yang terinfeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seroprevalensi CMV pada pasien HIV dan meneliti korelasi antara titer antibodi imunoglobulin G (IgG) CMV dan jumlah sel-T cluster diferensiasi 4 (CD4) serta penggunaan highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Sampel serum dari 69 pasien HIV dan 65 HIVseronegatif yang berkunjung ke Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Maret–Juni 2012 diperiksa untuk mendeteksi antibodi IgG CMV dengan immunoassay electro chemiluminescence (ECLIA). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji chi-kuadrat, t, dan analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara seroprevalensi CMV pada pasien HIV (97%) dan HIV-seronegatif (94%). Titer antibodi rata-rata IgG CMV pasien HIV (335,39+174,87 U/mL) signifikan lebih tinggi daripada HIV-seronegatif (240,59+192,76 U/mL). Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara titer antibodi IgG CMV dan jumlah sel-T CD4 (rata-rata 393,58+209,22 sel/mm3). Titer antibodi IgG CMV secara signifikan berhubungan terbalik dengan penggunaan HAART. Titer antibodi IgG CMV rata-rata pasien HIV dengan HAART (335,41+172,98 U/mL) signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien tanpa HAART (204,8+213,91 U/mL). Simpulan, penelitian ini menegaskan seroprevalensi CMV pasien HIV dan titer antibodi IgG CMV yang tinggi berhubungan terbalik dengan penggunaan HAART tetapi tidak berkorelasi dengan sel-T CD4. [MKB. 2013;45(2):112–7]Kata kunci: CD4, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), HAART, HIV, IgG DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n2.114

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