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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology

biotropia
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Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology

ISSN : 02156334 EISSN : 1907770X DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb

Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 520 Documents

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SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM MERISTEM EXPLANTS OF GINGER Rostiana, Otih; Syahid, Sitti Fatimah
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The use of planting materials from in vitro culture, especially derived from somatic embryos has some advantages such asÂ genetically stable and pathogen-free. Meristem culture of ginger through somatic embryogenesis could be a potential method for producing pathogen-free planting materials. Somatic embryogenesis on ginger was performed to obtain vigorous plantlets having the same rhizome size as the mother plant. Callus was induced from meristem tissue of inner bud of Indonesian ginger rhizome Var. Cimanggu-1 and consecutively subcultured into certain media at each steps of experiments. The vigorous embryogenic calli were observedÂ on MS medium containing 100 mgl-1 glutamine and 2% sucrose with addition of 1.0 mgl-1 2,4-D + 3.0 mgl-1 BA. The highest number of somatic embryos (about 82.0.g-1 friable calli) was achieved on that medium, 4 weeks after culturing. Furthermore, the optimum growth of embryogenic calli containing somatic embryo was obtained on MS medium enriched with 6% sucrose. The highest number of mature somatic embryos (57.2 embryos) was achieved on MS medium, 18 days after incubation. The regeneration potency of somatic embryos obtained from ginger meristem was 51.20%.g-1 friable callus. The valuable result of this study was the achievement of normal rhizome size of regenerated plantlets, instead of micro rhizome.

ESTABLISHMENT OF NEOCHETINA SPP.: THEIR PATTERN OF LOCAL DISPERSAL AND AGE STRUCTURE AT THE RELEASE SITE SRI WIDAYANTI; KASNO KASNO; ASMARINA S.R.; SUNJAYA SUNJAYA
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 17 (2001)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Study on the distribution pattern and age structure ofNeochetina spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) at the release site was conducted to know a) the distribution pattern of the weevil, b) its establishment status, c) its survival rate in the field, and d) relationship between the attack of the weevil and the fungus, Altemaria eichhorniae Nag Rag & Ponappa (Hyphomycetes), in causing damage to water hyacinth. This study was conducted at Situ Bagendit lake, Garut, West Java. A release and recapture method was employed to study the mode and rate of dispersal of the weevils under field conditions. Regular sample collection at two-month interval was done to evaluate the pattern of distribution and to assess the age structure under field condition. Another two months regular observation was done to assess damage severity due to adult weevils and the fungus, A. eichhorniae, on water hyacinth. Results showed, that the weevils seem to disperse actively to all directions following the presence of water hyacinth. The data also showed that the dispersal rate of the weevils was about a few meters a week. Under field conditions at Situ Bagendit lake, the weevils were about evenly distributed throughout water hyacinth mass. The density of the weevils fluctuated from time to time, but the trend slightly increased. The survival rate of the weevils at Situ Bagendit lake was estimated not more than 5%. It was suspected that various limiting factors such as various predators have caused the low population increase under field conditions. The population increase through time confirmed that the weevils have established at Situ Bagendit lake. Field data showed that there were no interaction between the damage severity of the weed caused by both weevils and the fungus.

Fungal Infection and Aflatoxin Contamination in Stored Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Kernels at Various Stages of Delivery Chain in North Sulawesi Province Dharmaputra, Okky S.; Ambarwati, Santi; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma
BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 2 December 2015
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Fragrant nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is an important commodity widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries; therefore, its quality should be strictly monitored. The objectives of this research were to: (a) investigate the occurrence of fungi, including the presence of A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination in stored nutmeg kernels; (b) measure moisture content and percentage of damaged kernels; and (c) evaluate nutmeg kernels along the delivery chain. This study consisted of surveys, interviews, and sample collection along the delivery chain. The research was conducted in April–May 2013 in three regencies (North Minahasa, Siau Tagulandang Biaro (Sitaro), and Sangihe Talaud) and two cities (Bitung and Manado). A total of 76 nutmeg kernel samples were collected: 25 from farmers, 22 from collectors, and 29 from exporters. Results showed that the moisture content of nutmeg kernels collected from the North Sulawesi Province did not exceed the maximum moisture content limit set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), which is 10%. However, nutmeg kernels collected from farmers and collectors had a high percentage of physical damage. Aspergillus niger and Endomyces fibuliger were the dominant fungi found in samples from farmers and collectors, whereas Eurotium repens was predominantly associated with samples stored by exporters. Levels of aflatoxin B₁ and total aflatoxin in several samples collected from farmers and exporters were relatively high. A non-parametric statistical analysis showed that the delivery chain did not have a significant effect on moisture content, percentage of damaged kernels, total fungal population, or total aflatoxin content. This study suggests that improvements in postharvest handling practices performed by farmers, collectors, and exporters in North Sulawesi Province (North Minahasa, Sitaro, and Sangihe Talaud), Bitung, and Manado are necessary to minimize contamination of aflatoxin B₁ and total aflatoxin.

TRUE SHALLOT ( Allium cepa var ascalonicum ) SEED PRODUCTION DURING OFF SEASON Ramadhani Eka Putra; D Beta Ramadan; Adriyanita Adin; Ida Kinasih; Mia Rosmiati; Indah Oktaviani; Sovia Santi Leksikowati
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 28 No. 2 (2021): BIOTROPIA Vol.28 No.2, Agustus 2021
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The application of seed for true shallot cultivation is an alternative of the more common cultivation practice, in which 30% of harvested tubers used for cultivation purposes. The seed production of this temperate tuber, in the tropical region, is quite challenging due to low flowers and seed formation. Several studies showed that vernalization (cold induction) and application of Benzil Amino Purin (BAP) could be applied to improve flowering and seed production. However, such studies were conducted during the best cultivation period for about 3 months and thus, limit the production period of seeds. This study was conducted to observe the effect of both methods outside cultivation periods to flower and capsule numbers, fruit set, and weight of 100 seeds compared with common cultivation. In this study, bulbs of onion vernalized at 10oC for 30 days then became subjected to synthetic hormone (BAP) prior planted while control group The results showed that BAP treated shallot group has the lowest values for all observed parameters (1552.67, 312.11, 22.5%, 0.2244 gram) compared to those vernalization treated group (1592.44, 623, 30.5%; 0.2261 gram) and control group (6774.67; 3898.44; 57.06%; 0.3304 gram). Based on this study, it could be concluded that common cultivation is a better method to produce true shallot seeds during the offseason.

EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION AND ITS BIOACTIVITIES OF THE EDIBLE PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS IN SUBMERGED CULTURE SASKIAWAN, IWAN
BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 2 (2009): BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 2 December 2009
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Submerged cultures were used to study the influence ofÂ various carbon sources on the mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production ofÂ PleurotusÂ ostreatus. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity ofÂ Â the exopolysaccharide were also determined.Â Â The yield ofÂ mycelial biomass ofÂ 7.06 g/l, 5.12 g/l, 4.66 g/l, and 2.96 g/l was obtained by utilization ofÂ maltose, glucose,Â lactoseÂ andÂ starchÂ asÂ aÂ carbonÂ source,Â respectively.Â Furthermore,Â inÂ the medium containing maltose, lactose, glucose, and starch produce 100.05 mg/l, 97.73 mg/l, 78.63 mg/l, and 70.45 mg/l ofÂ exopolysaccharide, respectively.Â The assay ofÂ antimicrobial and antioxidant activity showed that the exopolysaccharide is more active to inhibit the growth ofÂ B. subtilis ratherÂ thanÂ thoseÂ ofÂ E.Â coliÂ andÂ S.Â cerevisiae. Furthermore,Â theÂ exopolysaccharide wasÂ also indicatedÂ to have antioxidant activity.Key words: Pleurotus ostreatus, exopolysaccharide, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activityÂ

OPTIMIZATION OF CELLULASE PRODUCTION WITH PENICILLIUM NALGIOVENSE Sll GROWN ON PRETREATED WHEAT POLLARD TRESNAWATI PURWADARIA; AGNES T. KUMALASARI; TUTIHARYATI; PIUS P. KETAREN; ARNOLD P. SINURAT1
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 23 (2004)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The cellulase production with Penicillium nalgiovense S11 on wheat pollard was enhanced using substrate pretreatments, i.e.: (i) mechanic process by Wiley milling, (ii) reducing sugars removal by water soaking, and (iii) chemical pretrcatment by 0.5% NaOH soaking at 100Â°C. The enzyme production stated as enzyme activities of all prctrcated substrates were higher than the untreated substrate. Although soaking with water showed significant increase in enzyme activities, the highest CMCase (EC 3.2.1.4), FPase (filter papcrase) and p-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) were observed on NaOH pretreated pollard. The NaOH prctreatment also enhanced the enzyme production by increasing substrate concentration from 2 to 4%. The optimal incubation time in the cellulase production on 4% NaOH-pretrcated pollard was observed on the fifth day. Addition of 250 ppm glucose also increased the enzyme activities. The optimal treatments increased the specific activities of CMCase, FPase, and |3-glucosidase into 60, 4, and 198Â times, respectively, as compared to the specific activities on 2% unpretreated pollard. KeywordsÂ :Â Â Cellulase production/ pollard pretreatments/ water soaking/ NaOHÂ soaking

DNA Barcode Characterization of Mistletoe Infestation in Teak Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) in Padangan, East Java Province, Indonesia Muttaqin, Zainal; Budi, Sri Wilarso; Wasis, Basuki; Corryanti, Corryanti; Siregar, Iskandar Zulkarnaen
BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2 August 2017
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

For effective teak plantation management, early detection system in controlling teak mistletoe requires various basic information, including degree of infestation and accuracy of the species names. Mistletoe infestations in teak and mistletoe species name have been reported, but there are still problems in identifying the correct species or subspecies due to morphological similarity. The objective of this study was to clarify the species identity of hemi-parasitic mistletoe plants, which were found in teak Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) in Padangan, East Java Province, Indonesia using DNA barcodes. Species identification of teak mistletoe based on leaf morphological characteristics and universal DNA barcode regions (i.e. matK and rbcL) were carried out. The results showed that the Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) could differentiate Dendrophthoe pentandra and Macrosolen tetragonus based on leaf morphological characteristics. Variables having high correlation to distinguish both species were length of petiole, width of the widest leaf, number of secondary leaf veins, leaf base shape, aspect ratio, form factor and perimeter ratio of diameter. The results of DNA barcoding showed that the two DNA barcode regions presented good amplification and sequence results. Both DNA barcode regions successfully differentiated two species i.e. D. pentandra and M. tetragonus which belong to Loranthaceae family and have similar leaf morphological characteristics. Those regions were also able to identify Viscum articulatum and other species belonging to Santalaceae family. These results suggested that the two DNA regions could become recommended universal DNA barcode for identifying teak mistletoe.

REMOVAL AND LEACHING OF NUTRIENTS BY SALVIN1A MOLESTA MITCHEL AND EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS WEE, Y.C.
BIOTROPIA No. 2 (1989)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Profuse growth of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia molesta in Singapore reservoirs required their regular manual removal as their prolonged presence can lead to deterioration in the quality of the potable water. Clearing of the reservoir catchments, together with regular removal of the weeds and dumping them away from the catchments, should, in the long term, reduce their presence in the reservoirs. Laboratory experiments showing the removal of chloride, sulphate, phosphorus and nitrate from the growing medium and the release of chloride, phosphorus and nitrate by rotting plants should convince the administrators of the benefit of proper management of the problem.

GROWTH INHIBITION OF PATHOGENIC ROOT FUNGI BY EXTRACTS OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI OR Picea glehnii INOCULATED WITH ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI* MEGUMI KASUYA, MARIA CATARINA
BIOTROPIA No. 9 (1996)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

This work sought to verify the presence of compounds with antimicrobial properties in extracts of ectomycorrhizal fungi or in Picea glehnii inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Extracts from Pisolithus tinctorius, Scleroderma flavidum, Amanita pantherina and Paxillus sp., grown in liquid culture media, and from P. glehnii seedlings inoculated or not with the above ectomycorrhizal fungi and cultivated in in vitro condition, were processed to obtain two fractions, water and ethyl acetate solubles. These fractions were tested for the presence of inhibitory constituents against Fusarium roseum, Pythium sp. and Rhizoctonia solani. Direct bioautography technique on TLC or paper disc technique was used, depending on the extract and pathogenic fungi tested. The results showed the production on inhibitory components, not only by ectomycorrhizal fungi, but also by P. glehnii inoculated or not with ectomycorrhizal fungi. The sensitivity varied considerably according to the type of fungus or extract. Key words: Japan/Mycorrhizas/Inh|bition/Extracts/Antimicrobial compounds/Amanita pantherina/Pisolithustinctorius/Paxillvs spJScleroderma flavidum/Fusarium roseum/Pythium spJRhizoctonia solani.

Primary Productivity of Jakarta Bay in A Changing Environment: Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impacts Siregar, Vincentius; Koropitan, Alan F.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2 (2013): BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2 December 2013
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Jakarta Bay receives direct impact from the rapid development of infrastructure and landbased industries which contributed to the increase in pollution and nutrient, and at the same time facing climate change. This condition influenced growth of chlorophyll- and primary production. To investigate changes of primary production in Jakarta Bay due to anthropogenic and climate change impacts, a field measurement, laboratory experiment and collection of several data sets have been conducted. The study showed that impact of anthropogenic, particularly sediment load from the land to primary production is important. The intensification of primary production occurs in the middle region of Jakarta Bay, while the chlorophyllconcentration is high in the river mouth area. The anthropogenic impact is indicated by the land use change that has increased to 73% during the last ten years. The laboratory experiments by injecting CO in the waters, as a global warming simulation, have shown a decrease in chlorophyll- and primary production. Therefore, the combination of anthropogenic and climate changemay have a double impact on the Jakarta Bay ecosystem.Key words: Primary production, Jakarta Bay, anthropogenic, climate change, impact

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SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Knowledge Management Department

Contact Email kmd@biotrop.org

Phone +62251-8323848

Journal Mail Official biotropia@biotrop.org

Editorial Address SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location Kota bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Knowledge Management Department

Contact Email
kmd@biotrop.org

Phone
+62251-8323848

Journal Mail Official
biotropia@biotrop.org

Editorial Address
SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA