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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 01261312 EISSN : 23563931 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101

Core Subject : Science,

Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience

Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)

Articles 2,170 Documents

158 159 160 161 162

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia Choo Hao Jian; Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi; Elizabeth Henny Herningtyas
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 49, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

ABSTRACTMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors which increase morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The prevalence of MetS has been on the rise. No previous study has described the prevalence of MetS in Yogyakarta Special Region and its components. The study aim was to determine the prevalence of MetS and it’s components in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. A total of 766 male and female subjects aged ≥40 were analyzed in this retrospective study based on secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey batch 4 (IFLS 4). MetS was defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria with ethnicity-specific values for waist circumference. Prevalence of MetS and characteristic of each component of MetS were expressed as mean or %. The difference of the MetS components was evaluated by t-test and chi-square. Prevalence of MetS in Yogyakarta Special Region was 13.19%. The most common of MetS component was hypertension (60.44%), followed by dyslipidemia (56.27%), central obesity (32.38%), pro-inflammatory state (15.71%) and insulin resistance (0.78%). There was a higher prevalence of MetS in females compared to males (15.88 vs 10.19%), pre-elderly compared to the elderly (13.90 vs 12.19%), Javanese compared to other ethnicities (13.23 vs 10.00%), and urban compared to rural populations (15.06 vs 8.37%). In conclusion,the prevalence of MetS in Yogyakarta Special Region is 13.19% with hypertension and dyslipidemia as the most common component.

Prognostic factors for frequent episodic asthma in children Sulaiman Hamid; Amalia Setyati; . Noormanto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 04 (2014)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Asthma is a major health problem affecting millions of children worldwide. The prevalence of asthmain children tends to increase annually in the world. Therefore, identification of the prognostic factorsfor episodic asthma is important to perform early prevention of asthma attacks in children. Thestudy was performed to identify the prognostic factors for frequent episodic asthma in children. Thiswas a retrospective cohort study involving asthmatic children who attended the Emergency Unit orOutpatient Clinic of the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Theinclusion criteria were asthmatic children aged over 7 years, suffering from asthma over 2 years andgetting agreement from their parents as expressed by signed an informed consent. The exclusioncriteria were children with other chronic obtructive pulmonary diseases beside asthma and childrenwith cardiovascular diseases. Subjects were grouped into two groups i.e. Case Group and ControlGroup. The Case Group was children with frequent episodic asthma while the Control Group waschildren with infrequent episodic asthma. Prognostic factors for episodic asthma were then gatheredby giving a questionnaire to their parents. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationshipbetween prognostic factors and episodic asthma. A total of 94 subjects comprising 37 (36.4%)subjects with frequent episodic asthma and 57 (63.6%) subjects with infrequent episodic asthmawere involved in the study. Furthermore, response to initial theraphy was significantly associatedwith frequent episodic asthma (RR= 8.64; 95%CI= 0.47-2.50; p=0.001). Whereas, nutritionalstatus, patients age when asthma diagnosed, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, exposureof secondhand smoke and welfare were not (p>0.05). In conclusion, the initial therapy is prognosticfactors for frequent episodic asthma in children.

Iron deficiency screening with content hemoglobin reticulocyte (chr) in children aged 6 months to 5 years Dea Noviana Pramantik; Tri Ratnaningsih; Budi Mulyono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 47, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Anemia is a major health problem around the world and iron deficiency is the major cause. In children under 5 years old iron deficiency cause disruption in their growth and development. For that reasons iron deficiency in children should be detected as early as possible. The gold standard for the detection of iron deficiency is hemosiderin examination from bone marrow aspiration, but this examination is invasive and difficult to implement. Ferritin is often used to detect iron deficiency but it has various limitations. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) was introduced as a new parameter for the identification of iron deficiency. This parameter measures the levels of hemoglobin in the reticulocyteswhich is newly released from bone marrow and expected to reflect the actualconditions in the bone marrow, therefore it can detect early iron deficiency. It is expected that CHr can identify iron deficiency with cheaper, easy, and applicative method. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of CHr in screening of iron deficiency in children aged 6 months to 5 years old. The present study was a cross sectional study to determine the diagnostic performance of CHr and use ferritin as gold standard. The subjects of this study were healthy children aged 6 months-5 years old taken from Posyandu in Yogyakarta district and previously had obtained the consent of their parent/guardian. The CHr examination used a flowcytometry method by Advia120 Hematology Analyzer. The ferritin examination used an electrochemiluminescens method with Elecsys 1010. ROC curve analysis was performed using SPSS version 17. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and likelihood ratio were calculated using a 2x2 TABLE. Youden’s index was used to choose the proper cutoff level of CHr for diagnosing iron deficiency. The study was conducted on 104 subjects. Cutoff level of CHr was ≤27.65 pg and the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive, and negative predictive values were 91.7%,78.3%, 79.8%, 35.4%, 98.63% respectively. Positive and negative results of likelihood ratios were 4.21 and 0.1. CHr is expected to be used to screen iron deficiencyin children under 5 years old.

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF YOUNG AGE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS IN BALI I Wayan Sudarsa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 48, No 4 (2016): SUPPLEMENT
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

AbstractBreast cancer is, in general, a heterogeneous disease with diverse biological characteristics, histopathological types, subtypes and clinical behavior. Breast cancer in young age, although rare, is usually a unique and more aggressive cancer associated with poorer prognosis. The combination of young age and advanced stages of breast cancer would make this particular breast cancer more difficult to manage. Therefore, individually tailored therapies have been the subject of many studies for these patients. The purpose of this study was to determine clinicopathological features of young age breast cancer patients in Bali from 2014-2016. This was a descriptive study of young age (≤40 years) breast cancer patients in Bali from January 2014 until June 2016. The samples were taken from the Perhimpunan Ahli Bedah Onkologi Indonesia Cancer registry in Sanglah General Hospital Bali. There were 90 samples gathered from the cancer registry and 56 samples (62,2%) had complete clinicopathological records. Clinicopathological features included in this study were age group, histopathological type, primary tumor size, regional lymph node involvement, presence of distant metastasis, stage regrouping, tumor grade, hormonal receptor status, Her2 overexpression status, and breast cancer subtype. There were 56 young age breast cancer patients, with a mean age of 33,86±4,193 years old, the youngest patient was 22 years old, and the majority of the samples were in the 31-35 years age group (26 samples, 46,4%). Only 2 samples (3,6%) had special type carcinoma, both of them were invasive lobular carcinoma, the rest of the samples were invasive carcinoma of no special type. The 2 samples with invasive lobular carcinoma were in 31-35 years age group, had stage II (T2N0M0) and III (T4N1M0) breast cancer, both with grade II tumor and Luminal A subtype. The majority of primary tumor size was T4 (30 samples, 53,6%), nodal status was N1 (29 samples, 51,8%), and only 10 samples (17,9%) had distant metastasis. The majority of the stage regrouping was in stage III (35 samples, 62,5%) and had grade III tumor (33 samples, 58,9%). There were 10 samples (17,9%) with Luminal A subtype, 19 samples (33,9%) with Luminal B subtype, 16 samples (28,6%) with Her2 type subtype, and 11 samples (19,6%) with triple negative breast cancer subtype. We concluded that the majority of young age breast cancer patients in Bali were invasive carcinoma of no special type in advanced stage, with high grade tumor, and within Luminal B subtype.

Organophosphate insecticide susceptible test and transovarial transmission detection of dengue virus on Aedes aegypti in Kendari Muhaimin Saranani; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati; Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 45, No 04 (2013)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Dengue Fever (DF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus that transmitted by Aedes aegypti(Ae. Aegypti) and Ae. albopictus. Dengue fever is now one of the most important public healthproblems in Indonesia. Vector control using insecticides is the most important strategy to controlthe DF. Massal fogging and selective abatisation have implementedd intensively to control Ae.aegypti. However after its a long time implementation, mosquitoes resistance and transovarialtransmission have been reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility statusof Ae. aegypti to organophosphate and its ability to transovarial transmit degue virus in KendariCity, South East Sulawesi. This was a observational study using cross-sectional design conductedin high endemic areas (Kadia Village) and low endemic areas (Kambu Village). Susceptibilitystatus of Ae. aegypti larvae from F1’s egg generation was evaluated by biochemic assay, whereasthe transovarial transmission of dengue virus of adult female Ae. aegypti was evaluated byimmunohistochemistry method using head squash preparation. The results showed that the Ae.aegypti larvae resistant was higher in high endemic areas (Kadia Village) (83.33%) than in lowendemica areas (Kambu Village) (60.00%). In addition, transovarial transmission index (TTI) ofAe. aegypti dengue virus in the high endemic areas (26%) was significantly higher than in thelow endemic areas (12%) (p<0.05). In conclusion, the Ae. aegypti larvae resitance toorganophosphate as well as the TTI in high endemic areas is higher than in low endemic area inKendari, Sout East Sulawesi.

Smoking cessation reduces ratio of total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels on adult people in Yogyakarta Special Region Arta Farmawati; Ratika Marchelaona; Dina Septari Anindyah
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 49, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Cigarette smoking is a major cause of cardiovascular disease due to elevation of free radical substances as well impairment in lipid metabolism. Smoking cesation has been linked with reduced risk of mortality. However, data regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor in former smoker is limited. The aim of the study was to evaluate the CVD risk factor among smoker, non-smoker and former smoker in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. A cross-sectional design from 86 apparently healthy male, aged between 25-50 years old was performed for this study. From total subjects, 45 subjectsare smokers, 26 are non-smokers and 15 are former smokers. Body weight, height, and blood pressure were also measured from the subjects. Blood was drawn for assessment of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein(HDL) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. We found significant difference in the level of HDL, cardiovascular risk index (LDL/HDL ratio), atherogenic index (TC/HDL ratio) and also in systolic blood pressure among groups (p<0.05). Smoking person hadsignificantly low HDL level with high CVD risk index and atherogenic index (p<0.05). The CVD risk index was not different between former smoker and smoker groups. Serum CRP level was not different among the groups. In conclusion, smoking is associated with increased risk of CVD. Smoking cessation slightly decrease the CVD risk.

Binaural entrainment of 2000-2040 Hz and 2000-2090 Hz increase Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) expression of astrocytes in the CA1 rat hippocampus during operant learning conditioning Zainuri Sabta Nugraha; Soedjono Aswin; . Harijadi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 03 (2014)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Astrocytes of hippocampus contribute in the learning performance. Entrainment of gamma wavescan improve learning performance by improving the neurons to astrocytes communication. Theaim of this study was to evaluate the effect of binaural entrainment of 2000-2040 Hz and 2000-2090 Hz on Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) expression in astrocytes of the CA1 region ofrat hippocampus during operant learning conditions. Twenty male Wistar rats aged 4-6 weekswith body weight 100-150 g were devided into 4 groups. Group I was given binaural soundsentrainment at 2000-2040 Hz without learning test. Group II was given entrainment as performedin Group I followed by a learning test. Group III was given binaural sounds entrainment at 2000-2090 followed by a learning test. Group IV was not given entrainment nor learning test. Theentrainment was performed for 30 minutes everyday for 12 days and the learning test wasperformed for 10 minutes everyday for 12 days. The GFAP expression was examinedimminohistochemically. Astrocytes processes and astrocytes histoscore were also calculated.The results showed that the number of the GFAP-positive astrocytes in Group I (70.96 ± 4.86),II (69.76±3.07) and III (63.10±5.85) were significantly higher than Control (47.33±1.33)(p<0.05). The number of the processes astrocytes in Group I (47.64 ± 3.87), II (60.66±2.07)and III (54.17±6.38) was significantly higher than Control (30.87±2.69) (p<0.05). Moreover,the number of the processes astrocytes in Group II was significantly higher than Group I (p=0.016).The astrocytes histoscore index in the Group II (115.58±14.13) and III (78.32±22.23) weresignificantly higher than Group I (28.79 ± 9.61) and Control (16.05±1.64) (p<0.05). Inconclusion, the binaural entrainment of 2000-2040 Hz and 2000-2090 Hz increase GFAP expressionof astrocytes in Cornu Ammonus 1 (CA1) region of rat hippocampus during operant learningconditioning.

Risk Factors of Malaria Incidence in Endemic Area of Central Java Renti Mahkota; Fajaria Nurcandra; Fitria Dewi Puspita Anggraini; Annisa Ika Putri; Bambang Wispriyono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 1 (2018): SUPPLEMENT
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Malaria caused 212 million cases worldwide in 2015 which associated to environmental factors, ecology, and the presence of vectors. Annual paracite incidence (API) in Indonesia in 2011-2015 decreased. Unfortunately, malaria incidence always exist in Purworejo District which known as one of endemic area in Central Java. This research aimed to determine risk factors of malaria incidence in endemic area especially in Purworejo, Central Java. Logistc regression showed that period of residency 19-34 years (OR=1.612; 95% CI 0.853-3.046), period of residency >34 years (OR=2.050; 95% CI 1.036-4.060), male (OR=2.349; 95% CI 1.365-4.043), and education level less than junior high school (OR=1.677; 95% CI 0.976-2.882) as contributing risk factor to malaria incidence in Purworejo District.

Molecular Genetics, Genetic Testing, Novel Genome Sequencing Technologies Gerard Pals
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 48, No 4 (2016): SUPPLEMENT
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

AbstractWith the advance of genomic technologies, we are now able to detect genetic variations in patients with high accuracy, whole genome scale and relatively cost-effective. This offers an opportunity for altering medical practice fundamentally as well as insurance policy. Although clinicians, scientists, and health policy makers still have to deal how to interpret and handle the results that sometimes come with ambiguity and uncertainty, recent advances especially in the western world have integrated genetic tests and molecular genetic analysis for clinical management of patients. In this session, we will discuss and review the range of methods currently used in clinical setting as well as potential emerging methods in clinical molecular genetic diagnostics. Advantages and disadvantages of each methods will be carefully discussed especially application in regions of the world that have more limited access for molecular genetic tests including next generation sequencing. Outline of implementation challenges for molecular genetic tests both in term of health economics and clinical management will also be discussed.

Analysis of Enzyme Activity of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) Gene Polymorphism of Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics in Indonesia. . Suhartini; . Mustofa; Yudha Nurhantari; Bambang Udji Djoko Rianto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 48, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

ABSTRACTAlcohol is an addictive substance that is often misused worldwide, including in Indonesia. Ninety percent of the alcohol that enters the body will be metabolized in the liver using the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme. It is important to determine the activity of ADH enzyme and ADH3 gene polymorphism on alcoholics and non-alcoholics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The aim of the study is to determine ADH activity and identify ADH3 gene polymorphism of alcoholics and non-alcoholics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design method. Blood samples were taken from 71 Javanese alcoholics and 71 non-alcoholics of Javanese descent in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The participants were initially requested to sign an informed consent form. Examination of ADH enzyme activity used the spectrophotometry method and ADH3 gene polymorphism was assessed with PCR-RFLP using Ssp I restriction enzyme. The activity of ADH enzyme in all individuals appeared to be a slower type. The average of the ethanol value of alcoholics and non-alcoholics were 0.05554 mM and 0.0758 mM respectively. Gene type of alcoholics were ADH3*2(75.4%), ADH3*1/3*2(21.5%), and ADH3*1(3.1%), and non-alcoholics were ADH3*2(88.6%), ADH3*1/3*2(10.0%), and ADH3*1(1.4%). There were no significant differences between the activity of ADH with polymorphism of ADH3 gene in either alcoholics and non-alcoholics (p>0,05). Conclusion: The activity of ADH enzyme in all participants appeared to be a slower type. Most of the ADH3 gene polymorphism of alcoholics and non-alcoholics were both ADH3*2 (75.4% and 88.6%). There was no differences of ADH enzyme activity with ADH3 gene polymorphism between alcoholics and non-alcoholics of Javanese population in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

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