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KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KRUSTASEA DI KAWASAN MANGROVE KABUPATEN PURWOREJO, JAWA TENGAH (Biodiversity of Crustacea in Mangrove Area, Purworejo Regency, Central Java) Rahayu, Slamet Mardiyanto; Wiryanto, Wiryanto; Sunarto, Sunarto
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 6, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

dan pendidikan. Luas kawasan mangrove di Kabupaten Purworejo semakin berkurang akibat adanya penebangan, pemukiman, tambak, dan pertanian. Ada tiga stasiun, yaitu mangrove lebat (Desa Gedangan), mangrove sedang (Desa Jatikontal), dan mangrove jarang (Desa Ngentak). Ditemukan 19 jenis dari 6 famili krustasea yaitu Ocypodidae, Sesarmidae, Portunidae,Alpheidae, Palaemonidae, dan Penaeidae. Terdapat empat jenis krustasea bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Kepadatan krustasea tertinggi di stasiun I, terendah di stasiun III. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) krustasea di seluruh stasiun termasuk kategori sedang dengan. Indeks keseragaman (E) krustasea di seluruh stasiun termasuk kategori sedang. Indeks dominansi (C) krustasea di seluruh stasiun termasuk kategori rendah. Vegetasi mangrove pada stasiun I adalah Rhizophora mucronata, Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia alba, dan Hibiscus tiliaceus. Vegetasi mangrove pada stasiun II adalah Sonneratia caseolaris, Rhizophora stylosa, N.fruticans, H.tiliaceus, dan Morinda citrifolia.Vegetasi mangrove pada stasiun III adalah S.alba, S.caseolaris, N.fruticans, dan R.mucronata. Kondisi faktor lingkungan di seluruh stasiun relatif baik untuk kehidupan mangrove dan krustasea. Kata Kunci: krustasea, mangrove, Purworejo, keanekaragaman Kata Kunci: krustasea, mangrove, Purworejo, keanekaragaman

PENGUKURAN NILAI DIELEKTRIK MATERIAL CALCIUM COPPER TITANAT ( CaCu3Ti4O12) MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROSKOPI IMPEDANSI TERKOMPUTERISASI Widodo Budi Kurniawan
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 6, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Telah dilakukan pengukuran tetapan dielektrik kompleks dan besarnya impedansi kapasitor pada material keramik Calcium Copper Titanate dengan struktur material CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) dengan kemurnian 99 % menggunakan metode spektroskopi impedansi terkomputerisasi dalam rentang frekuensi 5 kHz – 120 kHz. Tetapan dielektrik maksimum terukur pada sampel yang disintering dengan suhu 7000C yaitu 745 pada frekuensi 5 kHz dan besarnya impedansi kapasitor maksimum terjadi pada sampel CCTO non sintering yaitu 150434 Ω. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh frekuensi terhadap tetapan dielektrik kompleks dan impedansi kapasitor dari material yang diteliti. Kata kunci : spektroskopi impedansi, CaCu3Ti4O12, tetapan dielektrik kompleks dan impedansi kapasitor. MEASUREMENT OF THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT CALCIUM COPPER TITANATE (CaCu3Ti4O12) MATERIALS USING COMPUTERIZED IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY ABSTRACT The measurement of the complex dielectric constant and the magnitude of the capacitor impedances of the ceramic materials Calcium Copper Titanate CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) with purity of 99% has been done by using the method of computerized impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 5 kHz - 120 kHz. The highest dielectric constant of the material was found to be 745 at 5 kHz in the sample sintered 7000C and the highest impedance of capacitor occured in CCTO sample non sintered that is 150434Ω. The results showed that complex dielectric constant and impedance of the capacitor of the material under study was frequency dependent. Keywords : impedance spectroscopy, CaCu3Ti4O12,complex dielectric constant and impedance of capacitor

Synthesis and Optimization of Chitosan Nanoparticles of Shrimp shell as Adsorbent of Pb2+ Ions Sulistyani Sulistyani; Hasanah H; Wijayanti T
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 6, No 2 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Synthesis and optimization of chitosan nanoparticles from shrimp shell as an adsorbent of Pb2+ ions has been done. Chitosan is obtained through several stages, namely deproteinase, demineralization and deacetylation. Deproteinase by using 2 N NaOH solution (a ratio of 1:6 w/v) while stirring at 90 °C for 1 hour. Demineralization by using 1 N HCl solution (a ratio of 1:12 w/v) while stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Deacetylation by using 50% NaOH solution (a ratio of 1:10 w/v) at 120 °C for 3 hours. Chitosan nanoparticles are obtained by adding a solution of 1% CH3COOH and a few drops of NH3 concentrated at 90 °C to form a white gel is then washed to pH neutral and dried. Characterization of chitosan include analysis of degree of deacetylation by using FTIR and analysis of particle size by using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Chitosan nanoparticles was then applied as an adsorbent of lead. Optimization of chitosan as an adsorbent include contact time and pH. Concentration of lead is determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed chitosan synthesis product has a size of ~600 nm, so that it can be expressed as nanoparticles with a degree of deacetylation of 62.69%. Chitosan nanoparticles as adsorbent optimum at pH 3 and a contact time of 2 hours with an adsorption capacity of 13,25 mg/g .

UTILIZATION PROBIOTIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FISH FROM WASTE FAECES ON LDL LEVEL BLOOD BROILER CHICKENS STRAIN LOHMANN Astuti Astuti; Siti Umniyati; Anna Rakhmawati; Evy Yulianti
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of lactic acid bacteria supplement from sewge force feeding fish to the LDL content of broiler chicken blood. The research samples are 40 of 1 day old broiler chicken from PT. Multi Breeder Adiram, which were divided into 4 treatments, were taken randomly and maintined for 42 days. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using a completely randomized design unidirectional pattern, followed by a test of Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolates treatment (BAL) were used in this study is the bacterium Streptococcus thermopillus in the form of freeze drying from the Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, UGM. I as a control treatment (without BAL) Treatment II BAL cell count was 106 CFU / ml., The third treatment is the number of BAL Cells are 107CFU / ml. , IV treatment BAL cell count was 108 CFU /ml. The results showed that there is no significant effect of BAL isolate addition on the LDL level of the broiler chicken blood. Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, LDL, freeze drying

BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK NYAMPLUNG TEROZONISASI MELALUI ESTERIFIKASI DAN TRANSESTERIFIKASI DENGAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK Haryono Haryono; Solihudin Solihudin; Rukiah Rukiah; Susi Suryani
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Bahan bakar dari minyak bumi merupakan sumber energi paling dominan digunakan dan bersifat tak terbarukan. Hal ini menyebabkan semakin berkurangnya cadangan bahan bakar fosil. Hal tersebut mendorong dikembangkannya bahan bakar alternatif terbarukan seperti biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesis biodiesel dari minyak nyamplung melalui proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi dengan bantuan ozonisasi dan gelombang ultrasonik. Ozonisasi dilakukan selama 30 menit, sedangkan reaksi transesterifikasi dibantu dengan gelombang ultrasonik pada variasi frekuensi 28 dan 35 kHz masing-masing selama 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan gelombang ultrasonik dengan frekuensi 35 kHz pada reaksi transesterifikasi terhadap minyak nyamplung terozonisasi dari reaksi esterifikasi dihasilkan biodiesel yang relatif sesuai dengan standar biodiesel Indonesia. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan pada kondisi tersebut memiliki bilangan asam 0,70 mgKOH/g biodiesel, bilangan iodium 50,34 g I2/100 g, titik nyala 122,4°C, bilangan cetana 102,5, densitas 0,9088 g/cm3, dan viskositas 9,5 cSt. Yield biodiesel yang diperoleh pada kondisi terbaik adalah sebesar 77,0%. Kata Kunci: biodiesel, minyak nyamplung, ozonisasi, transesterifikasi, ultrasonik. Abstract Fuel from petroleum is the most dominant source of energy used and is non-renewable. This causes the reduction in fossil fuel reserves. It encourages the development of alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to synthesize biodiesel from Calophyllum inophyllum oil through esterification and transesterification process with the help of ozonation and ultrasonic waves. Ozonation is performed for 30 minutes, while the transesterification reaction is aided by ultrasonic wave frequency variation 28 and 35 kHz respectively for 30 minutes. The results showed that the use of ultrasonic waves with frequency of 35 kHz in the transesterification reaction to the ozonized Calophyllum inophyllum oil from esterification reaction produced biodiesel relatively accordance with the standards of biodiesel Indonesia. Biodiesel produced in these conditions have the acid value of 0.70 mgKOH/g biodiesel, iodine number 50.34 g I2/100 g, the flash point of 122.4°C, cetana numbers of 102.5, density of 0.9088 g/cm3, and a viscosity of 9.5 cSt. Biodiesel yield that obtained from the best synthesis condition is 77.0%. Keywords: biodiesel, Calophyllum inophyllum oil, ozonation, transesterification, ultrasonic.

ANALISIS SISTEM ANTREAN DENGAN DISIPLIN PELAYANAN PREEMPTIVE Nur Indra Istiani; Nikenasih Binatari
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 6, No 2 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Disiplin pelayanan preemptive merupakan salah satu aturan dalam sistem antrean dimana server melayani customer berdasarkan urutan prioritasnya. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah menganalisis model sistem antrean dengan disiplin pelayanan preemptive, mendapatkan ukuran keefektifannya kemudian membandingkannya dengan disiplin pelayanan umum. Persamaan keseimbangan dalam penulisan ini diperoleh dengan mengasumsikan disiplin pelayanan Preemptive memiliki dua prioritas pelayanan dan proses antrian mengikuti Quasi Birth and Date Process. Selanjutnya, ukuran keefektifan diperoleh menggunakan metode probability generating function atas persamaan keseimbangan. ANALYSIS OF QUEUE SYSTEM WITH PREEMPTIVE SERVICE DISCIPLINEPreemptive service discipline is one of rules in the queue system where the server serves customers based on the order of priority. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the queueing model using Preemptive service discipline, to obtain its effective measurements and to compare it towards the general service discipline. The balance equation in this paper are obtained by assuming that Preemptive service discipline has two services priority and the queueing process follows Quasi Birth and Date Process. Next, using probability generating function (PGF) method, we obtain the measurement of effectiveness.

STUDI PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SEL SURYA BERBASIS TITANIA MELALUI PENYISIPAN LOGAM TEMBAGA (CU) DENGAN BERBAGAI VARIASI MASSA PADA LAPISAN AKTIF TITANIA Rita Prasetyowati
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 6, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyisipan logam tembaga (Cu) dengan berbagai variasi massa terhadap struktur morfologi dan komposisi bahan pada permukaan lapisan titania, absorbansi lapisan titania, resistansi lapisan titania, dan performansi sel surya berbasis titania. Konduktivitas yang dimaksud adalah pengukuran resistansi lapisan. Sedangkan performansi sel surya yang dimaksud adalah tegangan sel surya. Preparasi lapisan titania-tembaga (TiO2-Cu) menjadi bentuk pasta dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel. Pasta titania-tembaga dideposisikan pada elektroda transparan (Indium Tin Oxide) dengan metode doctor blade. Dilakukan lima variasi massa Cu yang disisipkan pada lapisan titania, yaitu 0,050 gram (Sampel 1); 0,075 gram (sampel 2); 0,100 gram (sampel 3); 0,0125 (sampel 4) dan 0,0150 (sampel 5). Masing-masing variasi massa Cu tersebut disisipkan pada 1 gram TiO2. Karakterisasi SEM dan EDS dilakukan pada lapisan titania-tembaga untuk mengetahui struktur morfologi dan komposisi bahan lapisan. Absorbansi lapisan dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan UV-Visible spektrometer. Pengukuran resistansi lapisan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Jembatan Wheatstone. Sedangkan performansi sel surya dilakukan dengan mengukur tegangan sel surya.Kata kunci : titania, tembaga, morfologi permukaan, absorbansi, resistansi, sel surya Effect of Cu Insertion With Variation Of Mass on Titania Active Layer To Morphological Structure, Resistance, And Solar Cells Performance Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of insertion of copper (Cu) with a variety of mass to structure morphology and composition of surface layer of titania, absorbance of titania, resistance of titania and solar cell performance based on titania.. Solar cell performance is characterized from voltage of solar cell. Preparation of titania-copper layer (TiO2-Cu) to form a paste was made using a sol-gel method. Pasta titania-copper deposited on a transparent electrode (Indium Tin Oxide) with a doctor blade method. There were five variations of Cu mass pasted on layers of titania, namely 0,050 grams (Sample 1); 0,075 grams (sample 2); 0,100 grams (3 samples); 0.0125 (sample 4) and 0.0150 (sample 5). Each variation of the mass of Cu is inserted in one gram of TiO2. SEM and EDS characterization performed on layers of titania-copper to know the structure morphology and composition of the titania-copper. Layer absorbance was characterized using UV-Visible spectrometer. Resistance of titania was measured using a Wheatstone bridge. The performance of solar cells measured by measuring the voltage of the solar cell. Keywords: titania, copper, surface morphology, absorbance, resistance, solar cells

MODIFICATION OF KELUD VOLCANIC ASH 2014 AS SELECTIVE ADSORBENT MATERIAL FOR COPPER(II) METAL ION Susila Kristianingrum; Endang Dwi Siswani; Suyanta Suyanta
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Abstract This research aims to prepare an adsorbent from Kelud volcanic ash for better Cu(II) adsorption efficiency than Kiesel gel 60G E'Merck. Adsorbent synthesis was done by dissolving 6 grams of volcanic ash activated 700oC 4 hours and washed with HCl 0.1 M into 200 ml of 3M sodium hydroxide with stirring and heating of 100 °C for 1 hour. The filtrate sodium silicate was then neutralized using sulfuric acid. The mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours then filtered and washed with aquaDM, then dried and crushed. The procedure is repeated for nitric acid, acetic acid and formic acid with a contact time of 24 hours. The products were then characterized using FTIR and XRD, subsequently determined acidity, moisture content, and tested for its adsorption of the ion Cu (II) with AAS. The results showed that the type of acid that produced highest rendemen is AK-H2SO4-3M ie 36.93%, acidity of the adsorbent silica gel synthesized similar to Kiesel gel 60G E'Merck ie adsorbent AK-CH3COOH-3M and the water content of the silica gel adsorbent synthesized similar to Kiesel gel 60G E'Merck ie adsorbent AK-H2SO4-2 M. The character of the functional groups of silica gel synthesized all have similarities with Kiesel gel 60G E'Merck as a comparison. Qualitative analysis by XRD for all modified adsorbent showed a dominant peak of SiO2 except adsorbent AK-H2SO4 amorphous and chemical bonds with FTIR indicates that it has formed a bond of Si-O-Si and Si-OH. The optimum adsorption efficiency of the metal ions Cu(II) obtained from AK-H2SO4-5M adsorbent that is equal to 93.2617% and the optimum adsorption capacity of the Cu(II) metal ions was obtained from the adsorbent AK-CH3COOH-3M is equal to 2.4919 mg/ g. Keywords: adsorbents, silica gel, adsorption, kelud volcanic ash

POTENSI BUAH SALAK (Salacca edulis, R.) SEBAGAI SUPLEMEN HIPOLIPIDEMIK DITINJAU DARI GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI JANTUNG DAN HEPAR MENCIT YANG DIBERI DIET RENDAH LEMAK Tri Hardjana; Kartika Ratna Pertiwi; Tutik Rahayu
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui struktur histopatologi jantung mencit yang diberi sari buah salak (Salacca edulis, R) dan diet lemak hewani dan untuk mengetahui struktur histopatologi hati mencit yang diberi sari buah salak (Salacca edulis, R) dan diet lemak hewani. Penelitian ini mengguanakan metode penelitian eksperimen dengan tujuan untuk mengukur respon yang muncul dari suatu obyek sebagai akibat adanya perubahan suatu faktor yang mengenainya. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di Animal House Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dan pengamatan preparat dilakukan di laboratorium Zoologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, selama kurun waktu bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2015. Variabel penelitian bebas berupa sari buah salak, sedangkan variabel tergayut yaitu gambaran histopatologi hati meliputi kerusakan batas sel dan infiltrasi sel lemak dan diameter vena sentralis sedangkan jantung meliputi kerusakan endotel dan infiltrasi sel lemak. Data dianalis secara deskriptif untuk menyajikan sebaran frekuensi. Keterkaitan antar variabel tersebut disajikan dalam format tabel silang dan dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan (1) Struktur histopatologi pembuluh darah jantung mencit yang diberi sari buah (Salacca edulis, R) dan diet lemak hewani mengalami kerusakan endotel dan infiltrasi lemak lebih kecil dibandingkan struktur histopatologi pembuluh darah jantung pada mencit yang diberi tambahan diet lemak; (2) Struktur histopatologi sel hepar mencit yang diberi sari buah salak (Salacca edulis, R) dan diet lemak hewani mengalami kerusakan endotel dan infiltrasi lemak lebih banyak dibandingkan struktur histopatologi sel hepar pada mencit yang diberi tambahan diet lemak.Kata kunci: buah salak, lemak, histopatologi, hepar, jantung Abstract This study aims to study the structure of the heart histopathologic and the liver of white rat given the Salacca edulis, R extract and animal fat diet. This research used experimental research with the aim to measure the response of an object that appears as a result of the change in a factor that is about it. Place of research did in animal house of Yogyakarta State University and observation of preparations did in the laboratory of biological, faculty of mathematics and natural science, at Yogyakarta State University during the months of June to October 2015. Independent study variables such as salacca edulis, R extract, while the dependent variable is the description of liver histopathology includes damaged cells and fat cell infiltration, while the heart includes endothelial damage and infiltration of fat cells. Data were analyzed descriptively to present the frequency distribution, Linkages between these variables are presented in table format and analyzed with cross descriptive statistics. The results are (1) the structure of the heart histopathologic white rat given salacca edulis, R extract and animal fat diet have endotel defect and fat infiltration less than structure of the heart histopahologic white rat given animal fat diet. (2) the structure of the liver histopathologic white rat given salacca edulis, R extract and animal fat diet have endotel defect and fat infiltration more than structure of the heart histopahologic white rat given animal fat diet.Keywords: Salacca edulis, R, fat, histopathology, liver, heart

PENERAPAN RANCANG BANGUN pH METER BERBASIS ARDUINO PADA MESIN PENCUCI FILM RADIOGRAFI SINAR-X Muchamad Ngafifuddin; Sunarno Sunarno; Susilo Susilo
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 6, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Perancangan pH meter berbasis Arduino dilakukan untuk membuat alat ukur pH yang kompatibel dengan alat mesin pencuci film otomatis. Pengukuran pH pada larutan fixer sangat diperlukan karena tingkat pH sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil citra radiografi. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan rancang bangun pH meter berbasis arduino uno. Rancang bangun alat ini menggunakan sensor E-201C, arduino uno, dan tampilan PC. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan variasi larutan buffer. Hasil dari karakterisasi sensor menunjukkan sensor memiliki nilai sensitivitas 46,2mV/pH pada suhu 28oC. Pengukuran pada larutan asam menghasilkan tegangan sensor bernilai positif, larutan netral menghasilkan tegangan sensor mendekati nol, dan larutan basa menghasilkan tegangan sensor bernilai negatif. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, pH meter yang dibuat mampu mengukur rentang nilai pH 1,6 sampai dengan 11 dengan ketelitian 99% dan layak digunakan sebagai alat ukur pH pada mesin pencuci film radiografi.Kata Kunci : Larutan fixer, sensor E-201C, arduino uno, pH meter Abstract Design of pH meter based on Arduino had done to create pH measurement instrument that compatible with automatic washing machine of x-ray radiograph film. The pH Measurement on buffer solution is important because acidic level extremely effect to result of radiograph image. In this research, the design of pH meter based on arduino uno has been performed. Sensor of E-201C, arduino uno an display PC used to designed of pH meter. Buffer solution has variated to get a data result. The result of sensor characterization shows that the sensitivity of the sensor is about 46.2mV/pH in the temperature of 28C. Measurement of acidic solution give result of positive voltage, netral solution voltage of limit to zero, and basic solution of negative voltage. According to the examination result, pH meter has made as can measure pH with ranges of 1,6 to 11 with 99% accuracy and proper to use as a pH measuring instrument to wash film radiography equipment.Keywords : Buffer Solution, Sensor of E-201C, Arduino uno, pH meter

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